Enhancement of FMIPv6 by Utilising Concurent Binding Update Process

The world is progressing toward the Mobile Internet Protocol Television (MIPTV) era where people are able to watch television while roaming. The MIPTV technology requires high bandwidth and low latency handover. This paper enhances the binding updates process in the Fast Handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) to improve its handover process performance in term of secureness and robustness, by implementing concurant binding update process thru the use of the International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI). Simulation results show that the proposed idea reduces the handover latency to about 63% compared to standard FMIPv6

Characterization of low pressure plasma-<i>dc</i> glow discharges (Ar, SF₆ and SF₆/He) for Si etching

723-730Low-pressure plasma reactor which is generated for SF6, SF6/He and Ar gases discharges between two metal electrodes (planer –parallel) using dc-high voltage power supply of 2 kV has been proposed. Paschen’s curves show the breakdown voltage of gases as a function of the parameter p*d which is the product of the pressure in the chamber (P=6.5´10-2-1.5´10-1 mbar) and the distance between the two electrodes (d=4.6 cm). The minimum breakdown voltages were found 450 V at pressure of 1.35´10-1mbar and 276 V at pressure of 4.3´10-1 mbar for SF6 and Ar, respectively. Current-voltage characteristics have been studied at different values of pressure (6.5´10-2-1.5´10-1 mbar) and inter-electrodes spacing (3.4, 4.2, 4.6, 5 cm). The SF6, SF6/He and Ar gases discharges plasmas in Si etching have been discusse

Supplementary Material for: The IL20 Genetic Polymorphism Is Associated with Altered Clinical Outcome in Septic Shock

Background: The IL10 family of genes includes crucial immune regulators. We tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL10 , IL19 , IL20 , and IL24 of the IL10 family gene cluster alter the clinical outcome of septic shock. Methods: Patients with septic shock ( n = 1,193) were genotyped for 13 tag SNPs of IL10 , IL19 , IL20 , and IL24 . IL20 gene expression was measured in genotyped lymphoblastoid cells in vitro. Cardiac surgical ICU patients ( n = 981) were genotyped for IL20 rs2981573 A/G. The primary outcome variable was 28-day mortality. Results: Patients with the G allele of IL20 rs2981573 had a significantly increased hazard of death over the 28-day period compared to patients with the A allele in the septic shock cohort (adjusted hazard ratio 1.27; 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.47; p = 8.0 × 10 –4 ). Patients with the GG genotype had more organ dysfunction ( p < 0.05). The GG genotype was associated with increased IL20 gene expression in stimulated lymphoblastoid cells in vitro ( p < 0.05). The cardiac surgical ICU patients with the GG genotype had an increased length of ICU stay ( p = 0.032). Conclusions: The GG genotype of IL20 rs2981573 SNP was associated with increased IL20 gene expression and increased adverse outcomes in patients with septic shock and following cardiac surgery. <br

Deep learning for predicting the onset of type 2 diabetes : enhanced ensemble classifier using modified t-SNE

Several methods have been used for detecting Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but deep learning has not been successfully used to predict T2DM due to the low accuracy and performance. Using a traditional method like the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) affects the system’s accuracy. This study proposed an enhanced embedding technique that aims to increase the accuracy of predicting T2DM with minimum error. The proposed system uses the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), which visualizes the high dimension data with imbalanced and insufficient data to improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of T2DM production. It consists of three components: Pre-processing, feature extraction and selection, and classification. Pima Indians diabetics, Polarity, and Luzhou, are three datasets used for this proposed solution. The proposed system increased the overall performance of the model. It provides an accuracy of 85.34% from 83.96%, a sensitivity of 33.06% from 31.22%, and a specificity of 97.26% from 96.00% compared to the state-of-the-art. The proposed system reduced the overfitting problem, which affects the model’s accuracy. It also uses a non-linear technique for dimension reduction that is used for the visualization of high dimension datasets to deal with large, insufficient, and inconsistent datasets

Biocompatibility study of multi-layered hydroxyapatite coatings synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V alloys by RF magnetron sputtering for prosthetic-orthopaedic implant applications

Triple-layered RF magnetron sputtered HAp/Al2O3/TiO2 coatings synthesized onto Ti-6Al-4V alloys were studied to improve the surface biocompatibility and corrosion resistance features. It was seen that the HAp layers played a substantial role in the biocompatibility, while the intermediate Al2O3/TiO2 layers were used to enhance the corrosion behavior of the substrate. XRD results showed an enhanced crystallinity along with the (2 1 1) HAp phase after the simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion experiment. Local electronic and chemical bonding states of atomic phosphorus and calcium phosphate groups in the coatings, before and after immersion process, were confirmed via XPS studies. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) evaluated the corrosion, which indicated a reduction in capacitance values and a significant improvement of the corrosion resistance of such coatings; with improved bio-medical properties of Ti alloys

Supplementary Material for: TNFAIP2 Inhibits Early TNFa-Induced NF-κB Signaling and Decreases Survival in Septic Shock Patients

During septic shock, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) is an early response gene and induces a plethora of genes and signaling pathways. To identify robust signals in genes reliably upregulated by TNFa, we first measured microarray gene expression in vitro and searched methodologically comparable, publicly available data sets to identify concordant signals. Using tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes common to all data sets, we identified a genetic variant of the <i>TNFAIP2</i> gene, rs8126, associated with decreased 28-day survival and increased organ dysfunction in an adult cohort in the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial. Similar to this cohort, we found that an association with rs8126 and increased organ dysfunction is replicated in a second cohort of septic shock patients in the St. Paul's Hospital Intensive Care Unit. We found that TNFAIP2 inhibits NF-κB activity, impacting the downstream cytokine interleukin (IL)-8. The minor G allele of TNFAIP2 rs8126 resulted in greater TNFAIP2 expression, decreased IL-8 production and was associated with decreased survival in patients experiencing septic shock. These data suggest that TNFAIP2 is a novel inhibitor of NF-κB that acts as an autoinhibitor of the TNFa response during septic shock

A robust host-response-based signature distinguishes bacterial and viral infections across diverse global populations

Limited sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostics lead to the erroneous prescription of antibiotics. Host-response-based diagnostics could address these challenges. However, using 4,200 samples across 69 blood transcriptome datasets from 20 countries from patients with bacterial or viral infections representing a broad spectrum of biological, clinical, and technical heterogeneity, we show current host-response-based gene signatures have lower accuracy to distinguish intracellular bacterial infections from viral infections than extracellular bacterial infections. Using these 69 datasets, we identify an 8-gene signature to distinguish intracellular or extracellular bacterial infections from viral infections with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) > 0.91 (85.9% specificity and 90.2% sensitivity). In prospective cohorts from Nepal and Laos, the 8-gene classifier distinguished bacterial infections from viral infections with an AUROC of 0.94 (87.9% specificity and 91% sensitivity). The 8-gene signature meets the target product profile proposed by the World Health Organization and others for distinguishing bacterial and viral infections