An in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of a novel iontophoresis fluoride tray on remineralization

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effects on remineralization of a novel iontophoresis device called "Fluorinex", conventional (acidulated phosphat fluoride) APF gel treatment, and conventional ionthophoresis device comparatively by laser fluorescence measurements. Study Design: Artificial incipient carious lesions were created on immature, 60 intact premolar and molar teeth with no defects. The specimens were randomly allocated to four groups. In the first group 1.23% APF gel was applied to specimens by conventional method for 4 minutes and in the second group 2% (sodium fluoride) NaF solution applied by conventional iontophoresis device for 4 minutes. In Fluorinex group specimens were pretreated with (copper chloride) CuCl 2 for 1 minute and then treated for 4 minutes with 1.23% APF gel in a Fluoritray. Control group was placed in distilled water for 4 minutes. After these applications all specimens were included to a pH cycling. DIAGNOdent pen measurement were obtained in three different time intervals; after incipient carious lesions, after fluoride treatments and after pH cycling. Specimens were studied by SEM(scanning electron micros - copy) after artificial caries lesions and fluoride treatments. Results: Alterations on DIAGNOdent pen measurements before and after treatment, the Fluorinex group was sta - tistically different from conventional APF gel ( p =0.011), conventional NaF iontophoresis ( p <0.001) and control group ( p <0.001). As the DIAGNOdent pen measurements before treatment and after pH cycling were compared, differences were statistically significant in Fluorinex and conventional APF gel groups ( p <0.001). Conclusions: The results of this in vitro study has shown that fluoride application by Fluorinex was superior to the conventional APF gel application and NaF iontophoresis on incipient carious lesions

Effect of antibacterial agents on the surface hardness of a conventional glass-ionomer cement

In atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), caries removal with hand excavation instruments is not as efficient as that with rotary burs in eliminating bacteria under the glass ionomer cements (GICs). Thus, different antibacterial agents have been used in recent studies to enhance the antibacterial properties of the GICs, without jeopardizing their basic physical properties. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibacterial agents on the surface hardness of a conventional GIC (Fuji IX) using Vickers microhardness [Vickers hardness number (VHN)] test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cetrimide (CT), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) were added to the powder and benzalkonium chloride (BC) was added to the liquid of Fuji IX in concentrations of 1% and 2%, and served as the experimental groups. A control group containing no additive was also prepared. After the completion of setting reaction, VHN measurements were recorded at 1, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after storage in 37°C distilled water. A one-way ANOVA was performed followed by a Dunnett t test and Tamhane T2 tests and also repeated measurements ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons in 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: VHN results showed significant differences between the control and the experimental groups at all time periods (

BEYAZ ÖNLÜK KORKUSU GERÇEK Mİ?

Aim: It has been a long standing controversy among pediatricians whether to remove white coats when attending to patients. Outlook and attitude of pediatric specialists inevitably impact their communication with children. There are studies claiming that children fear the white coat as well as those which report otherwise. the aim of this study is to evaluate preferences of children aged between 5-12 for outfit and auxiliary equipment used by dentists and the examine the factors which affect these preferences. Materials and Methods: the study was conducted on 462 children aged between 5-12 years who were admitted to Department of Pedodontics at Gazi University between May-July 2016. the patients were asked to report their preferences on pictures of male and female models wearing white coats, colored coats, pediatric coats, casual and formal clothes. They were shown caps, masks, and gloves of different colors and designs and asked to tell which ones they prefer. Results: No significant difference was found between children that have dental experience and those that do not. It was found that children prefered white coat to other attire, that no significant gender-specific difference exists in coat preference, and that children increasingly prefered white coat as they grow older. Further, both boys and girls prefered white mask, and boys prefered white gloves and cap while girls chose pink gloves and colored caps. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the preferences depend on age rather than dental experience. This suggests that even if a child does not visit dentists at early ages, he/she might gain experience through books, TV, etc. about dental outfitAmaç: Çocuk doktorlarının ve çocuk diş hekimlerinin hasta bakarken önlüklerini çıkarmaları konusu yıllardır süren bir tartışmadır. Çocukla kurulan iletişimde anksiyete ile ilgili faktörlerle birlikte, hekimlerin yaklaşımı ve görünüşü de etkili olmaktadır. Çocuklarda beyaz önlük korkusu olduğu sonucunu bulgulayan çalışmalar olduğu gibi; aksini iddia eden çalışmalar da mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada amaç, yaş ve dental tecrübe ayrımı yapılarak 512 yaş çocuklarının diş hekimi kıyafet ve yardımcı ekipmanları hakkındaki tercihlerini ve bu tercihlerde etkili olan faktörleri araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı'na 2016 Mayıs-Temmuz ayları arasında başvuran 5-12 yaş aralığındaki dental tecrübesi olan/olmayan 462 çocukta gerçekleştirildi. Çocuklara beyaz önlüklü, renkli alt-üst takımlı, pediatrik önlüklü, günlük kıyafetli ve resmi kıyafetli erkek ve kız manken fotoğrafları gösterilerek tercihleri soruldu. Bone ve maskelerin farklı renk ve desenlerdeki örnekleri gösterilerek öncelikle bunları tercih edip etmedikleri, ardından hangisini tercih ettikleri soruldu. Hastaya çeşitli renklerdeki eldivenler sunularak hastanın tercihi kayıt edildi. Bulgular: Dental tecrübesi olan ve olmayan çocuklar arasında tercihler açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Çocukların en çok beyaz önlük tercih ettiği; cinsiyete göre tercih açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadığı; çocukların yaşı büyüdükçe tercihlerin da- ha fazla beyaz önlük yönünde olduğu görüldü. Hem kız hem erkek çocuklar beyaz maskeyi desenli maskeye tercih etti. Erkeklerin beyaz eldiven, beyaz bone; kız- ların pembe eldiven, renkli bone tercih ettiği görüldü. Sonuç: Tercihlerin dental tecrübeden ziyade, yaşa bağlı olarak beyaz önlük yönünde değişim gösterdiği görülmüştür. Bu da, çocukların erken yaşlarda diş hekimine gelmese bile, izlediği çizgi filmlerden, kitap ve dergilerden diş hekimi kıyafeti ve beyaz önlük konusunda fikir sahibi olduklarını düşündürmektedi

Evaluation of the plaque removal efficacy of xylitol-impregnated single-use toothbrush in vivo in 10-11-year-old children

Objective: Xylitol is non-fermentable by oral bacteria and it inhibits the growth, metabolism and polysaccharide production of mutans streptococci, resulting in less bacterial plaque accumulation on teeth. This study aimed to compare the plaque removal efficacy on the teeth of children of xylitol-impregnated or non-impregnated single-use toothbrushes identical in shape and manufactured by the same company. Materials and Method: Thirty children aged 10-11 years were randomly separated into two groups of 15 children each. First group used a xylitol-impregnated toothbrush and the second group used a non-impregnated toothbrush for brushing. Dental plaque on upper central incisors was photographed intra-orally before and after brushing under standardized conditions. These photographs were stored in a computer and the amount of dental plaque was scored by using Turensky Modified Quinley Hein Plaque Index by a researcher blinded to the groups. Results: While both xylitol-impregnated and non-impregnated groups had significantly higher plaque index in before-brushing photographs than after-brushing photographs (p0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study emphasized that toothbrushing itself, regardless of xylitol content within the toothbrush, is essential for removing the dental plaque

Antibacterial Effect of Silver-Zeolite Containing Root-Canal Filling Material

The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibacterial effect of two experimental glass ionomer cements (GICs) on Streptococcus milleri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis after 24 and 48 h incubation by using the agar diffusion inhibitory test. Silver zeolite (SZ) was added at 0.2 and 2% mass fraction concentration to GIC (Endion). The control group was Endion with no SZ. Each of them were prepared to uniform size using a custom-made Teflon mold, and the GIC materials were prepared to form disks (n = 5 per group). The effect of these materials on the growth of three bacteria associated with endodontic infections was determined using the agar diffusion inhibitory test. The amounts of silver ion release from these materials were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry at 10 min, 24- and 48-h periods. The pH of samples was measured with a pH-meter at 10 min, 24- and 48-h periods. After the incubation period, the agar plates were evaluated and the degrees of bacterial inhibition were measured in millimeters. A comparison of the mean of the test materials was statistically different in each group of specimens (p < 0.05). Between the two tested materials 2% SZ containing GIC showed the largest zone of inhibition on the agar plates of all the tested strains (p < 0.05). The most inhibition in bacterial growth occurred in E. faecalis. Adding 2% SZ to GIC resulted in a significant increase in the silver release into deionized water. This study demonstrated that GIC had an inhibitory affect on Streptococcus milleri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis and that adding SZ increases that affect proportional to its concentration. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Apt Biomater 90B: 592-595, 200

Short-term antimicrobial properties of mineral trioxide aggregate with incorporated silver-zeolite

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether adding silver-zeolite (SZ) to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) would enhance the antimicrobial activity of MTA against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC #25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC #29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC#25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC #27853), Candida albicans (ATCC #90028), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC #33277), Actinomyces israelii (ATCC #12102), and Prevotella intermedia (ATCC# 15032). SZ was added at 0.2% and 2% mass fraction concentration to MTA powder. The control group was MTA powder with no SZ. The antimicrobial effect test was accomplished by placing freshly mixed MTA specimens on agar plates inoculated with microorganisms and comparing the zones of inhibition at 24, 48, and 72 h. The amounts of silver ion release from MTA specimens were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry at 10-min, 24-, 48-, and 72-h periods. The pH of MTA specimens was measured with a pH meter at 10-min, 24-, 48-, and 72-h periods. MTA with 2% and 0.2% SZ specimens showed inhibitory effects on some microorganisms at all time periods, whereas no antimicrobial activity showed for P. intermedia and A. israelii. MTA without SZ inhibited C. albicans, E. Coli, and P. intermedia. The highest silver release was detected in 2% SZ MTA at 24 h. The incorporation of SZ may enhance the antimicrobial activity of MTA