A spinose appendage fragment of a problematic arthropod from the Early Ordovician of Morocco

A highly spinose fragment of a possibly raptorial appendage from the Arenig (Early Ordovician) of the Upper Fezouata Formation north of Zagora, southeastern Morocco is described as the arthropod Pseudoangustidontus duplospineus gen. et sp. nov. The single fragmentary specimen displays a unique morphology, carrying at least 39 pairs of spines (i.e., 78 spines) of very regularly alternating lengths. Pseudoangustidontus gen. nov. shows some similarities to a number of spinose arthropod appendages and appendage parts, most notably to the spine-bearing podomeres of the third prosomal appendage of megalograptid eurypterids and the problematic and incompletely known genus Angustidon tits. However, megalograptids and Angustidontus both have a lower spine count, while the latter also carries only a single row of spines. Because no known arthropod displays a morphology closely comparable to that of Pseudoangustidontus gen. nov., the affinities of the new fossil within Arthropoda remain uncertain

Sikkerhetsstyring i turistnæringen: En studie av hvordan interne regler og prosedyrer påvirker sikkerhetsstyring

Med en stadig økning av aktivitetsturisme i Nord-Norge, har dette ført til en økning av ulykker med turister. Aktivitetsturisme handler om å kunne tilby turister en spennende opplevelse, men på en sikker måte. Derfor vil denne studien undersøke hvordan turistnæringen bruker sikkerhetsstyring for å balansere risiko og sikkerhet. Oppgaven vil se på hvordan turistnæringen identifiserer risiko, utforminger interne regler og prosedyrer og hvordan næringen tilegner seg ny kunnskap for å forbedre interne regler og prosedyrer. Studien vil svare på følgende problemstilling: Hvordan bruker bedrifter i turistnæringen interne regler og prosedyrer som grunnlag for sikkerhetsstyring i Nord-Norge? Studien baserer seg på data fra 13 intervjuer med respondenter fra bedrifter som driver med aktivitetsturisme i Nord-Norge, beredskapsaktører og eksperter med formell kompetanse på turistnæringen. Studien konkluderer med at interne regler og prosedyrer blir brukt som en viktig del av sikkerhetsstyringen til bedriftene i Nord-Norge. Ved å identifisere risiko, danner dette grunnlaget for utviklingen av nye sikkerhetstiltak. Bedriftene har forskjellige type regler, men felles for bedriftene er at reglene er utformet basert på kompetanse til guidene. I bedriftene er det daglig leder som utformer regler og prosedyrer, men kompetansen til guidene blir brukt for å evaluere og forbedre de interne reglene og prosedyrene. Bedriftene bruker organisasjonslæring, for å tilegne seg ny kunnskap, og bruker denne til å forbedre interne regler og prosedyrer

How many species of fossil arachnids are there?

The species-level diversity of fossil Chelicerata is summarized for each order. 1952 valid species of fossil\ud chelicerates are currently recognized, of which 1593 are arachnids. In order of abundance they are: Araneae (979 fossil\ud species), Actinotrichida (283), Eurypterida (241), Scorpiones (111), Xiphosura (96), Trigonotarbida (71), Pseudoscorpiones\ud (38), Phalangiotarbida (30), Opiliones (25), Ricinulei (15), and Anactinotrichida (11). Other groups are represented by ten\ud fossil species or fewer. Based on published descriptions, spiders thus appear to dominate the fossil arachnid species\ud assemblage, making up a greater proportion of paleodiversity than their Recent diversity would predict. Scorpions are also\ud overrepresented, particularly in the Paleozoic, compared to their modern diversity. By contrast, groups like mites,\ud harvestmen, pseudoscorpions and solifuges are noticeably under-represented as fossils when compared to modern patterns\ud of diversity

Et helhetlig pasientforløp: Hvordan kan sykepleiere sikre god kvalitet på pasientforløpet ved bruk av PLO?

Et av målene til samhandlingsreformen er at elektronisk kommunikasjon skal være den foretrukne måten å kommunisere på. PLO (Pleie- og omsorgsmeldinger) er tatt i bruk for at informasjonsutveksling og samhandling mellom spesialisthelsetjenesten og kommunehelsetjenesten skal sikre god kvalitet gjennom pasientforløpet. Forskning viser at bruk av PLO-meldinger er en integrert del av arbeidsoppgavene til sykepleiere. Likevel viser forskningen at telefonen ofte er brukt som supplerende verktøy i utveksling av pasientinformasjon. Dette er en litteraturstudie som har fokus på hvordan sykepleiere kan sikre god kvalitet på pasientforløpet ved bruk av PLO-meldinger. Problemstillingen blir drøftet opp mot funn i forskningsartiklene, relevant pensumlitteratur og egne erfaringer gjennom praksisperiodene. Funn i forskningsartiklene tyder på at kommunikasjon med bruk av PLO-meldinger er blitt mer effektiv. Videre hevdes det at det er utfordringer knyttet til kvaliteten i innholdet til PLO-meldingene. Konklusjonen på oppgaven er at det trengs mer fokus på kompetanseheving for å øke kvaliteten på informasjonsutvekslingen

Neonicotinoid contamination in conservation areas affects bees more sharply than beetles

The neurotoxic insecticide class of neonicotinoids has become one of the most widely used groups of pesticides globally. Their long half-lives and high water solubility increase their potential to linger and affect numerous organisms long after application. A prominent concern associated with residual contamination is the negative impact that neonicotinoids can have on beneficial arthropods such as bees and certain groups of beetles. Many studies have looked at the effects neonicotinoids have on arthropod communities in lab settings; however, comparatively few studies have looked at these groups in neonicotinoid-contaminated restored prairie habitats. These habitats are often restored from or located near agriculture and are almost ubiquitously contaminated with neonicotinoids. Our one-year manipulated field study compared native bee nesting rates and beetle community assemblages between paired clothianidin-contaminated and non-contaminated restored prairie plots. Native bee nesting probability and nesting abundance increased by 46% and 172%, respectively, in sites contaminated with clothianidin. Conversely, we observed no significant differences in beetle family assemblages, abundance, or richness between clothianidin-contaminated and control sites. These results suggest that neonicotinoid contamination of natural habitats can have numerous environmental consequences for arthropods and that these effects are not always consistent between taxa. Understanding how neonicotinoid contamination affects beneficial groups such as bees and arthropod community assemblages is crucial for characterizing the risks these chemicals pose to ecologically imperative taxa

Depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stressors across BMI classes: A Norwegian population study - The HUNT Study

Background: Obesity is a global issue with detrimental health impacts. Recent research has highlighted the complexity of obesity due to its psychological correlates. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stress. Methods: Data, including demographic, height, and weight information from 23 557 adult participants was obtained from the fourth survey of the Norwegian population based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-2019). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure self-reported depression and anxiety. We also collected data on 10 domains of psychosocial stress (violence, mental violence, unwanted sex, cyber bullying, school bullying, history of own life-threatening disease, life-threatening disease in family, relationship problems, divorce, and sudden family death), which were aggregated into a cumulative measure of psychosocial stress. Results: Multinomial logistic regression was utilized for statistical analysis. In the full model, the relationship between depression, anxiety, and psychosocial stress were explored controlling for age, sex, income, marital status, and educational attainment. After adjustments, a significant relationship was found between depression and obesity I (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06, p <.001) and II and III (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, p <.001). After the same adjustments, significant relationship between anxiety and overweight and obesity class I was found among elderly participants (≥65 years old). Psychosocial stress significantly and positively related to all levels of BMI, with or without considering anxiety and depression, after controlling for sex, age, educational attainment, marital status, and income in all age groups. Conclusions: Obesity is a multifaceted health problem, significantly related to psychological factors including depression and psychosocial stress, which supports the need for a multifaceted, targeted approach to obesity treatment

Underestimation of Overweight and Health Beneficial Outcomes in Two Adolescent Cohorts in Norway - The HUNT Study

Purpose: Underestimating overweight may prevent efforts toward reducing weight, but simultaneously benefit mental health and well-being. The magnitude of underestimation of overweight and obesity in adolescents is largely unknown, and so is to what extent this underestimation is associated with dieting behaviors, mental distress, and life satisfaction. As overweight has become more common during the past decades, associations between body size underestimation and mental health may have changed. Methods: Overweight (iso–body mass index, iso-BMI ≥25) adolescents (aged 13–19 years) who participated in The Young-HUNT1 (1995–97, n = 1,338) or The Young-HUNT3 (2006–08, n = 1,833) surveys were included. Being overweight, but perceiving oneself as average-weighted or underweighted was defined as underestimation. Results were based on clinical examinations and self-report questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between body size underestimation, dieting behaviors, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction. Results: Among adolescents with overweight and obesity (iso-BMI ≥25), the prevalence of obesity (iso-BMI ≥30), body size underestimation, and having symptoms of anxiety and depression had increased from the first survey to the next. At both time points, body size underestimation was more common among boys than girls. In 2006–08, body size underestimation was negatively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in both sexes, and overall associated with higher life satisfaction equally over time. Dieting behavior was negatively associated with underestimation of body size. Conclusions: Body size underestimation in adolescents with overweight/obesity has become more prevalent and a phenomenon associated with less dieting, better life satisfaction and mental health in both boys and girls.publishedVersionPaid Open Acces

Novel technique to study the wet chemical etching response of multi-crystalline silicon wafers

The current work aimed to demonstrate the application of a technique where white light interferometry (WLI) and Laue X-ray crystallography scanner characterisation were combined to study the chemical etching response of diamond cut multi-crystalline Si (mc-Si) wafers. Using this technique, the effect of different texturing additives (isopropyl alcohol, natrium hypochlorite) was evaluated by examining the topography of the mc-Si surfaces before and after etching. The etching responses of monocrystalline Si wafers of (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) orientations were used as reference for comparison with the multi-crystalline wafers investigated. The texturing results illustrated the influence of different crystal-orientations on the etching rate. It was revealed that for the mc-Si wafers, the etching speed of the different crystal grain-planes is increasing with their crystallographic similarity with the main (hkl) planes (100, 110,111). The comparison of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) additives to KOH solutions showed that NaOCl additive is favourable for the polishing of mc-Si wafers, while IPA can be used as polishing only for crystal grains close to the (1 1 1) orientation.publishedVersio

A redescription of the Late Carboniferous eurypterids <i>Adelophthalmus granosus</i> von Meyer, 1853 and <i>A. zadrai</i> Přibyl, 1952

The earliest named, and type species, of the Middle Devonian–Middle Permian eurypterid genus Adelophthalmus, the monotypic, Late Carboniferous A. granosus von Meyer, 1853, is redescribed as a first step towards resolving the number of species and phylogenetic relationships within the adelophthalmid clade. A second Late Carboniferous monotypic species, A. zadrai Přibyl, 1952, is also redescribed, since the part of the holotype was discovered in the Berlin collection under an erroneous manuscript name. The two species are different, but can only be separated using characters whose validity and stability must be tested against a wider spectrum of taxa. A list of described adelophthalmids is presented together with an overview of the synonyms previously suggested, with discussions of the validity of at least some of the species currently synonomised. Der historisch früheste Nachweis von der vom Devon bis zum Perm überlieferten Eurypteriden-Gattung Adelophthalmus, die monotypische Typus-Art A. granosus von Meyer, 1853, wird revidiert. Es ist dies ein erster Schritt, um die Anzahl der Arten und die phylogenetischen Verhältnisse innerhalb des Adelophthalmiden-Clades zu klären. Eine zweite monotypische Art, A. zadrai Přibyl, 1952, wird ebenfalls neu beschrieben, nachdem ein Teil des Holotypus in der Berliner Sammlung unter einem fehlerhaften Manuskript-Namen wieder aufgefunden wurde. Beide Arten lassen sich derzeit nur durch Merkmale unterscheiden, deren Gültigkeit erst noch vor dem Hintergrund eines weiteren Spektrum von Taxa überprüft werden muss. Die bisher beschriebenen Adelophthalmiden, einschließlich bisherige vorgeschlagenen Synonyme, werden aufgelistet; die Gültigkeit wenigstens einiger dieser Synonyme wird diskutiert. doi:10.1002/mmng.200410001</a