Unilateral widening of the inferior alveolar nerve canal: a rare anatomic variant mimicking disease

We report a case of an asymptomatic healthy 49-year-old male patient with an incidental finding of enlargement of the right inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal (9 vs. 4mm). After 2years, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no change in the findings. In addition, MR-based diffusion tensor imaging with tractography of the right and left mandibular nerves showed that the difference in size between the right and left nerves was caused by an increased number of nerve fibers in the right IAN. During the entire follow-up period of 4years, the patient remained symptom-free. Therefore, we suggest that the enlargement in our patient was a pure anatomic variant. However, a multitude of conditions are known to produce the identical radiological appearance in conventional radiology, including benign and malignant tumors, vascular malformations, and inflammatory disorders. We describe these pathologies in more detail as well as the possibilities for examinations with different MRI sequence

Severe subcutaneous and deep cervicofacial emphysema of unusual etiology

Subcutaneous and deep cervical emphysema (SCE) in the head and neck are found in a wide spectrum of conditions. Most of them are seen in patients with midfacial trauma or oropharyngeal infections. Subcutaneous and deep cervical emphysema can also be a symptom of life-threatening mediastinitis and/or necrotizing fasciitis, both of which need immediate surgery. Rarely however does SCE occur in isolation as a consequence of elevated intraoral pressure in combination with or without visible lacerations of the oral mucosa. As a consequence, air penetrates the mucosal tears and results in subcutaneous emphysema even extending down to the mediastinum in severe cases. This article describes a series of five cases of isolated SCE. It discusses the diagnosis, the pathomechanism, the differential diagnosis and the treatment. It underlines the importance of anamnesis and careful physical and laboratory examinations in order to differentiate isolated SCE from more severe conditions such as necrotizing fasciitis or mediastinitis, which necessitate immediate surger

Deep neck space abscesses of dental origin: the impact of Streptococcus group Milleri

In recent years, there has been rising interest in Streptococcus group Milleri (SM) because high mortality rates have been related to it. In case of deep neck infections (DNI), whatever the origin, mortality rates as high as 26% were reported. But there are no data available for DNI with SM of purely dental origin. The aim of our article was to describe and analyse DNI of purely dental origin involving on one hand SM and on the other hand infections without presence of SM. We compared these two groups and statistically investigated if there were differences in clinical presentation (age, mouth opening, length of hospital stay, laboratory parameters) or clinical behaviour (re-operation, re-hospitalisation, secondary osteomyelitis, stay at intensive care, length of antibiotic treatment, presence of resistances against antibiotics, incapacity to work). For this, we retrospectively searched medical records of our institution for all purulent DNI treated from 2004 till 2012. We found 81 patients meeting all inclusion criteria. Thirty-four patients had involvement of SM, 47 did not. The only statistically significant difference between the SM group and the non-SM group was the length of incapacity to work. All other parameters were non-significant. Furthermore, there were no fatalities. In conclusion, the clinical importance of this article is that patients with deep neck abscesses of purely dental origin involving SM do not need more or different care when compared to all other DNI of dental origin

Gustatory dysfunction after mandibular zoster

Varicella zoster, limited to the mandibular nerve, is rare. Classical symptoms are pain, hypesthesia and vesicular eruption restricted to the third trigeminal segment (V3). Little is known on taste affection after mandibular nerve zoster. We report two cases of patients suffering from mandibular zoster associated with subjective taste disorder. In both cases, gustatory measures confirmed ipsilateral hemiageusia of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. After 2months, the symptoms regressed and psychophysical measures came back to normal values, whereas post-zoster neuralgia lasted for more than 1year. Gustatory dysfunction is a possible symptom after mandibular nerve zoster. In contrast to post-zoster neuralgia, taste function seems to recover quickl

Accuracy of Computational Soft Tissue Predictions in Orthognathic Surgery From Three-Dimensional Photographs 6 Months After Completion of Surgery: A Preliminary Study of 13 Patients

Background: This study aimed at a preliminary evaluation of the accuracy of computed three-dimensional (3D) predictions in orthognathic surgery by comparing predicted and real postoperative results. Methods: Pre- and postoperative 3D photographs and time-matching computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT scans of the face of 13 patients with dentofacial deformities were analyzed. Three-dimensional photographs were fused with preoperative CT data using dedicated software (3dMDvultus, version 2.2.0.8). Postoperative CT data were superposed on the preoperative skull. With an activated rendering function, the osteotomies were simulated in the preoperative CT data and the bony segments moved to their real postoperative position, resulting in a textured soft tissue prediction. This computed skin surface was compared with the real postoperative result by dividing the face into a surgically treated lower half and an untreated upper half. A statistical quantitative analysis of the surfaces was performed. Results: The mean differences between surfaces were +0.27mm for the untreated upper half and -0.64mm for the surgically treated lower half (p<0.001). Averaged distributions of absolute errors showed more discrepancies between predicted and real postoperative results in the lower half of the face. Errors exceeding 3mm were encountered in 4% of the upper halves versus 29.8% of the lower halves (p<0.001). Conclusions: The accuracy of a specific software platform for predicting 3D soft tissue changes after surgery was insufficient. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology

Proceedings of the 12th Conference of Sport and Quality of Life 2019 gatheres submissions of participants of the conference. Every submission is the result of positive evaluation by reviewers from the corresponding field. Conference is divided into sections – Analysis of human movement; Sport training, nutrition and regeneration; Sport and social sciences; Active ageing and sarcopenia; Strength and conditioning training; section for PhD students

Gustatory dysfunction after mandibular zoster

Varicella zoster, limited to the mandibular nerve, is rare. Classical symptoms are pain, hypesthesia and vesicular eruption restricted to the third trigeminal segment (V3). Little is known on taste affection after mandibular nerve zoster. We report two cases of patients suffering from mandibular zoster associated with subjective taste disorder. In both cases, gustatory measures confirmed ipsilateral hemiageusia of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. After 2 months, the symptoms regressed and psychophysical measures came back to normal values, whereas post-zoster neuralgia lasted for more than 1 year. Gustatory dysfunction is a possible symptom after mandibular nerve zoster. In contrast to post-zoster neuralgia, taste function seems to recover quickly

Olfactory and Gustatory Function in Patients With Different Types of Maxillofacial Trauma

International audienc