Metabolome and proteome changes in skeletal muscle and blood of pre-weaning calves fed leucine and threonine supplemented diets

In pre-weaning calves, both leucine and threonine play important roles in growth and muscle metabolism. In this study, metabolomics, proteomics and clinical chemistry were used to assess the effects of leucine and threonine supplementation added to milk replacer on 14 newborn Holstein male calves: 7 were fed a control diet (Ctrl) and 7 were fed the Ctrl diet supplemented with 0.3% leucine and 0.3% threonine (LT) from 5.6 days of age to 53.6 days. At this time, blood and semitendinosus muscle biopsies were collected for analysis. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics showed that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) degradation and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism (citrate cycle and respiratory chain) were the main activated pathways in muscle because of the supplementation. BCAA derivatives and metabolites related to lipid mobilization showed the major changes. The deleterious effects of activated oxidative phosphorylation were balanced by the upregulation of antioxidant proteins. An increase in protein synthesis was indicated by elevated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and increased S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, LT group showed greater BCAA availability and mitochondrial oxidative activity; as the muscle cells undergo greater aerobic metabolism, antioxidant defenses were activated to compensate for possible cell damage. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016098)info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Huella ambiental de carne y leche de vacuno: Manejo y emisiones

En un contexto en que el sector de la leche y la carne de vacuno estan siendo cuestionados por su impacto ambiental, es vital medir, reducir y comunicar la huella ambiental de dichos productos. En este sentido, IRTA ha realizado un estudio pionero en el marco del Crupo Operativo ‘Rumprint: huella ambiental de la carne y la leche de vacuno’. El objetivo era calcular la huella ambiental de estos productos, aplicando la metodologia recomendada por la Comision Europea de ‘Huella Ambiental de Producto’. Gracias a este estudio se han podido identificar los procesos que mas contribuyen al impacto ambiental tanto de la leche como de la carne de vacuno a lo largo de la cadena de produccion, incluyendo la granja y todos los insumos que le Megan, hasta el envasado y distribucion de carne y leche a centrales y supermercados.Proyecto financiado a traves de la Operacion16.01.01de Cooperacion para la innovacion del Programa de desarrollo rural de Cataluna 2014-2020 mediante fondos de la Union Europea (Europa invierte en las zonas rurales) y la Ceneralitat de Catalunya.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Skeletal muscle metabolomics and blood biochemistry analysis reveal metabolic changes associated with dietary amino acid supplementation in dairy calves

The effects of different amino acid (AA) supplementations of milk protein-based milk replacers in pre-ruminant calves from 3 days to 7 weeks of age were studied. Animals were divided into 4 groups: Ctrl) Control group fed with milk protein-based milk replacer without supplementation; GP) supplementation with 0.1% glycine and 0.3% proline; FY) supplementation with 0.2% phenylalanine and 0.2% tyrosine; MKT) supplementation with 0.62% lysine, 0.22% methionine and 0.61% threonine. For statistical analysis, t-test was used to compare AA-supplemented animals to the Ctrl group. At week 7, body weight and average daily gain (ADG) were measured and blood samples and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken. Blood biochemistry analytes related to energy metabolism were determined and it was shown that MKT group had higher serum creatinine and higher plasma concentration of three supplemented AAs as well as arginine compared with the Ctrl group. GP group had similar glycine/proline plasma concentration compared with the other groups while in FY group only plasma phenylalanine concentration was higher compared with Control. Although the AA supplementations in the GP and FY groups did not affect average daily gain and metabolic health profile from serum, the metabolome analysis from skeletal muscle biopsy revealed several differences between the GP-FY groups and the Ctrl-MKT groups, suggesting a metabolic adaptation especially in GP and FY groupsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evolución de la aspiración laringo-traqueal en la disfagia orofaríngea secundaria a lesión cerebral traumática: cuantificación videofluoroscópica Videofluoroscopy quantification of laryngotracheal aspiration outcome in traumatic brain injury-related oropharyngeal dysphagia

Introducción: la alteración de la deglución en la fase inicial de un traumatismo craneoencefálico grave (TCE) es muy frecuente. Objetivo: definir y cuantificar las alteraciones videofluoroscópicas en pacientes después de un TCE y evaluar la evolución de los pacientes con aspiraciones laringo-traqueales. Método: se estudiaron de forma prospectiva 10 pacientes con TCE grave con sospecha clínica de aspiración, que fue confirmada mediante exploración videofluoroscópica (VDF). La VDF se repitió al mes, 3, 6 y 12 meses de evolución. Resultados: la exploración clínica demostró alteración en los reflejos palatal y nauseoso en el 30% de los pacientes, y tos durante la exploración en el 40%. En la primera exploración VDF se observó: aumento del tiempo de tránsito oral (TTO) en el 70% (media: 3,8 seg.; rango: 0,8-15 seg.) y alteración en el control lingual en el 60%, con disfunción en el sello glosofaríngeo en el 20%. El tiempo medio de tránsito faríngeo (TTF) fue de 0,72 seg. (rango: 0,34-1,50 seg.) y el tiempo de disparo del reflejo deglutorio (DRD) de 0,32 seg. (rango: 0,10-0,80 seg.). Al año de evolución sólo 3 pacientes aspiraban, siendo el TTO normal en 7 pacientes, el DRD en 9 y el TTF en todos. El 80% seguía dieta oral exclusiva y el 20% combinaban alimentación oral y por sonda de gastrostomía. Conclusión: la VDF permite confirmar y cuantificar las alteraciones de la deglución en los pacientes con TCE grave. Los hallazgos más frecuentes en la fase inicial de la evolución son el aumento del TTO y la alteración en el control lingual; las aspiraciones son muy frecuentes, siendo más de la mitad aspiradores silentes. Al año la mayoría de pacientes ha evolucionado favorablemente.Introduction: swallowing impairments are frequent after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objective: to define and prospectively quantify the videofluoroscopic symptoms in patients after TBI, and to evaluate the evolution of patients with laryngotracheal aspiration. Method: we studied 10 patients with TBI, and a clinical suspicion of aspiration confirmed by means of a videofluoroscopic exploration (VDF). VDF was repeated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter. Results: 30% of patients had an impaired gag reflex, and 40% cough during oral feeding. In the first VDF exploration the following was observed: increased oral transit time (OTT) in 70% (average: 3.8 sec.; range: 0.8-15 sec.), altered lingual control in 60%, and dysfunctional palatoglossal closure in 20%. Mean pharyngeal transit time (PTT) was 0.72 sec. (range: 0.34-1.50 sec.), and time to swallowing reflex (TSR) was 0.32 sec. (range: 0.10-0.80 sec.). After one year only 3 patients had aspiration -with a normal OTT in 7 patients, a normal PTT in 9, and a normal TSR in all; 80% had an exclusively oral diet, and 20% combined oral intake and gastrostomy feeding. Conclusion: videofluoroscopic evaluation allows to confirm and quantite swallowing dysfunction in patients with severe TBI. Most frequent early findings included an increase in OTT and alterations in lingual control; aspirations were quite frequent, and more than half were silent. After one year the majority of patients showed a favorable outcome