2,105 research outputs found
Not truly partnerless: Non-residential partnerships and retreat from marriage in Spain
In Spain, nearly two-thirds of women aged 20-34 have not yet entered their first union. However, almost half of them have a stable partner in a different household. Hence, the drop in marriage rates and low prevalence of cohabitation cannot be rightly interpreted as a decline in partnership formation, but rather as a postponement of co-residential unions. This paper examines the prevalence and determinants of non-residential stable partnerships among young adults (women aged 20-34), in relation to cohabitation and marriage, using a multinomial logit model of current partnership type. The analysis is based on data from the 1999 Spanish Fertility Survey.cohabitation, LAT, partnerships, Spain, union formation
Is Latin America starting to retreat from early and universal childbearing?
The 2000 censuses show that the proportion of women below age 30 who are mothers has dropped substantially in most Latin America countries, suggesting that the social imperative of early motherhood, which has long prevailed in the region, is weakening. Surveys conducted in 14 Latin American countries in 2006 also show a strong link between childlessness and higher education across several cohorts. We discuss whether the recent increase in childlessness among young women reflects a shift towards later childbearing, a novel trend in the Latin American context, and also whether it may signal an emerging retreat from universal childbearing in the region.childlessness, fertility, first birth, Latin America
Ideals and norms related to fatherhood in Europe: A comparative perspective from the European Social Survey
Objective: This study explores cross-country similarities and differences in individuals' perceptions of the ideal age and pathways to become a father, focusing on five European countries: Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. Background: Empirical research analyzing family-related social norms and individuals' preferences is still scarce when compared to the abundant literature on family behavior, and especially so when focusing on men rather than women. This study attempts to mitigate this gap in the literature by focusing on ideals and norms related to fatherhood. Method: Using European Social Survey data from the most recent available round (2018/2019), descriptive and multivariate regression analyses are performed to examine: (a) the ideal age to become a father; and (b) approval of men's decision to never have children, to have a child outside marriage, and to keep working full-time when having small children. Results: Findings confirm signs of convergence across countries regarding the “normalization” of postponed fatherhood, as well as increased detachment from traditional attitudes. Differences between "forerunner" and "laggard" countries with regard to family-related norms and family change are visibly narrowing. However, the ideal age for fatherhood and the approval of non-traditional life course trajectories also reflect different incentives and possibilities for the establishment of new family models provided by the gender culture and the welfare regime in each country. Conclusion: Examining social norms regarding male reproductive decisions and the exercise of fatherhood from a comparative perspective is important for understanding men’s choices and the normative social framework potentially constraining them
The effect of education on women's propensity to be childless in Spain: Does the field of education matter?
This article investigates the relationship between educational attainment, in terms of both level and field of education, and the probability of being childless in Spain. Findings demonstrate that there is a significant difference in childlessness by education level among women aged 34-50, while this significance disappears when the analysis is not confined to older women but includes all women (aged 18-50) and is controlled for heterogeneity. In this latter case, childlessness has more to do with later childbearing among young women than with the accumulation of human capital. However, women educated in those studies concerned with the care of individuals and/or emphasizing interpersonal skills have a lower probability of being childless than women in other fields of study, irrespective of their education level, in both samples. In addition, the results show that childlessness, departure from education and union formation are jointly determined. Young women who want to be childfree or end up being childless stay in school for a longer period of time and postpone their union formation, whilst those with strong family/fertility intentions accelerate the three processes. I use data from the Spanish Family and Fertility Survey (1995) and apply event history models that take into account unobserved heterogeneity.childlessness, education, field of study, Spain
Childbearing within Marriage and Consensual Union in Latin America, 1980-2010
This article compares the fertility patterns of women in consensual union and marriage in 13 Latin American countries, using census microdata from the four most recent census rounds and a methodological approach that combines the own-children method and Poisson regression. Results show that in all these countries, fertility is slightly higher within consensual union than marriage and that the age pattern of fertility is very similar in marital and non-marital unions. Further analyses show that over the period considered, childbearing within a consensual union has passed from rare to increasingly common, although not yet mainstream, for highly educated women in most countries examined. Results show that in Latin America, at least since the 1980s, women’s childbearing patterns depend on their age and on their being in a conjugal relationship, but not on the legal nature of this relationship. The similarities in reproductive behavior between marital and non-marital unions are not confined to the socially disadvantaged groups, but apply as well to the better off.European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 320116 for the research project FamiliesAndSocieties.Peer reviewe
Los másteres europeos: Espacios privilegiados para crecer en Trabajo Social
Este artĂculo se propone como un espacio donde interrelacionar reflexiones e inquietudes sobre los nuevos Masteres Oficiales en Trabajo Social, a partir de la experiencia generada, en calidad de alumnado, por la primera promociĂłn del Posgrado Oficial Interuniversitario de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. El discurso elegido tiene como punto de partida la lucha que la disciplina abanderĂł años atrás por la Licenciatura, movida por el reconocimiento en el terreno universitario, para luego centrar la mirada en el logro reciĂ©n estrenado de los Masteres oficiales, espacios que posibilitan, más allá del reconocimiento, la reflexiĂłn y el crecimiento de la disciplina de Trabajo Social. El interĂ©s en el nivel de Master abordará tanto la pretensiĂłn y el planteamiento europeo (la nueva configuraciĂłn de crĂ©ditos, la concepciĂłn de la labor del docente y discente, la renovaciĂłn de metodologĂas didácticas, etc.) como su implantaciĂłn en la realidad universitaria española. Es bueno pararse a tomar el pulso, analizar, evaluar y transmitir los primeros pasos de este proyecto prometedor, trasformando la propia subjetividad, de personas directamente implicadas con posibilidad de reflexiĂłn para potenciar y mejorar los aspectos que constituyen esta apuesta.This article proposes itself to be a space in which to relate reflections on and concerns about the new Official Masters in Social Work, drawn from the experience generated, as a student body, by the first graduating class of the Official Interuniversity Postgraduate Degree in Social Work of the Complutense University of Madrid. The discourse chosen takes as a starting point the fight that the discipline led some years ago for the Bachelors Degree motivated by the recognition in the university setting, to then to focus on the new achievement of the official Master’s, spaces that, beyond just recognition, make reflection on and the growth of the discipline of Social Work possible. The interest in the Master’s level springs from not only the European goal and approach (the new configuration of credits, the concept of the work of the teacher and student, the renewal of didactic methodologies, etc.) but also its insertion in the reality of the Spanish university. It is good to stop and take the pulse, to analyze, evaluate and transmit the first steps of this promising project, transforming the subjectivity of those who are directly involved with the possibility of reflection in order to promote and improve the aspects that constitute this wager
Comparación de dos métodos de extracción y detección cromatográfica de ácido tenuazónico a partir de muestras de tomate
Este trabajo evalĂşa dos mĂ©todos de detecciĂłn cromatográfica y de extracciĂłn de ácido tenuazĂłnico (AT) a partir de muestras de tomate. Para llevar a cabo la detecciĂłn cromatográfica se comparĂł la utilizaciĂłn de una fase mĂłvil binaria compuesta de acetonitrilo y tampĂłn de fosfato a pH 3 con otra fase mĂłvil compuesta por un gradiente de agua y acetonitrilo con ácido trifluoracĂ©tico. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con la fase mĂłvil de acetonitrilo y tampĂłn de fosfato, con la que se observĂł un menor tiempo de retenciĂłn (8,2 min frente a 23 min) y una mayor sensibilidad (lĂmite de cuantificaciĂłn de 1,5 μg/ml). Para la extracciĂłn y pre-purificaciĂłn de AT a partir de muestras de tomate se utilizĂł un mĂ©todo de extracciĂłn en fase sĂłlida y otro basado en extracciĂłn lĂquido-lĂquido con disolventes orgánicos. La extracciĂłn en fase sĂłlida proporcionĂł un cromatograma libre de interferencias de la muestra en el tiempo de retenciĂłn del AT con un lĂmite de detecciĂłn de 1 μg/g en muestras de tomate. Sin embargo el mĂ©todo de extracciĂłn lĂquido-lĂquido, además de ser más laborioso y emplear mayores cantidades de disolventes orgánicos, resultĂł inadecuado para la detecciĂłn de AT debido a la co-extracciĂłn de otros compuestos de la muestra que interfieren con los resultados.This paper evaluates two methods of chromatographic detection and two methods of tenuazonic acid (TA) extraction from tomato paste. Chromatographic detection using a binary mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer, at pH 3, was compared to a mobile phase consisting of a gradient of water and acetonitrile in presence of trifluoracetic acid. The best chromatographic results were obtained with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer, which showed a lower retention time (8.2 min) and greater sensitivity (quantification limit of 1.5 μg/ml). TA extraction and clean-up from tomato samples was performed using either a solid phase extraction method or a defating and partitioning extraction method with organic solvents. Regarding TA extraction and clean-up, a clearer chromatogram was obtained using the solid phase extraction method, with a detection limit of 1 μg/g in tomato samples. However, the defating and partitioning extraction method, besides being cumbersome, had a low performance because of the co-extraction of components from the samples that made it difficult the chromatographic interpretation
University Hackathons: new ways of educational and social innovation. The experience of the University of Salamanca
[ES] La Universidad de Salamanca lleva seis años celebrando este tipo de encuentros junto con otras universidades de España en un hackathon promovido por TelefĂłnica. En este capĂtulo se detalla la experiencia de participaciĂłn en este tipo de encuentros desde el punto de vista acadĂ©mico y se exponen algunos de los principales beneficios, especialmente para la implementaciĂłn de metodologĂas docentes innovadoras y para el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias de los alumnos. Este artĂculo es una publicaciĂłn derivada de los profesores MartĂn y Almaraz como responsables del Servicio de InnovaciĂłn y ProducciĂłn Digital de la Universidad de Salamanca, Servicio que, entre otras innovaciones, ha venido organizado los Hackáthones de la Universidad de Salamanca. La publicaciĂłn complementa otros trabajos desarrollados por los autores en base a otros programas de innovaciĂłn, que han dado lugar a comunicaciones a congresos, artĂculos y capĂtulos de libros, como p.e.: LĂłpez-Esteban, C., MartĂn-GarcĂa, T.; Almaraz-MenĂ©ndez, F. (2022). Wikipedia en la Universidad: contribuciĂłn de la educaciĂłn superior a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible desde el aprendizaje colaborativo. En C. LĂłpez (Ed.) Los ODS. Avanzando hacia una educaciĂłn sostenible. Modelos y Experiencias en el Máster en Profesor de EducaciĂłn Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, FormaciĂłn Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas (pp. 279-290). Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca[EN] Hackathons’ celebration in the educational context has become an interesting formula to promote new forms of teaching and learning and to include universities in the processes of social and business innovation. For that reason, more and more universities are launching this type of initiative, born in the environment of hackers and which have evolved to extend to all professional and academic fields.
This article describes the most outstanding results of the experience of participation of the University of Salamanca in hackathons over six years, as well as the main academic benefits that this type of technological meetings can bring to professors and students
Los blogs de moda: nuevos preservadores de los estereotipos de género de las revistas femeninas
En los Ăşltimos años los blogs han revolucionado el panorama mediático de la moda, convirtiĂ©ndose en autĂ©nticas guĂas de las tendencias de la pasarela. Hasta hace muy poco esta labor recaĂa casi exclusivamente en las revistas femeninas, especialmente en Vogue, publicaciĂłn que tambiĂ©n se conoce como la Biblia de la moda. Sin embargo, el escenario comenzĂł a cambiar en 2009, cuando los blogs de moda comenzaron a popularizarse. Estas bitácoras no profesionales, escritas por aficionados devotos de la moda, consiguieron extenderse muy rápidamente, debido sobre todo a la espontaneidad de los bloggers, que hicieron de las tendencias de la calle (el street style) y de las personas anĂłnimas, los nuevos protagonistas del estilismo en el vestir. El blog de moda pasĂł a ser parte del mundo femenino, guiado por personas anĂłnimas que, de pronto, pasaron a convertirse en las blogueras más influyentes del planeta. Se trata de mujeres anĂłnimas que alcanzaron la fama escribiendo en sus blogs y asistiendo a eventos de moda. Gracias a la rapidez y a la repercusiĂłn de las redes sociales, en poco tiempo dejaron de ser sĂłlo blogueras para convertirse en it girls. Desde su nuevo status, comenzaron a patrocinar productos, marcas, asesorar o, incluso, diseñar prendas para firmas de ropa. El triunfo de esas mujeres y la influencia que ejercen en sus seguidoras, son hechos que han sido percibidos desde los medios de comunicaciĂłn, la moda y los investigadores en la materia, como la ruptura con los tradicionales estereotipos femeninos, como el triunfo de la mujer real. Se trata de mujeres que no estás limitadas a la talla 36, que no responden a los cánones de belleza impuestos por la publicidad ni a ningĂşn tipo de molde, pues cada una de esas blogueras es como cualquier mujer..
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