Characterization of the soils from the East termomediterranian forest of Mallorca

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Oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by cellulose ethers: stability, structure and in vitro digestion

[EN] The effect of cellulose ethers in oil-in-water emulsions on stability during storage and on texture, microstructure and lipid digestibility during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was investigated. All the cellulose ether emulsions showed good physical and oxidative stability during storage. In particular, the methylcellulose with high methoxyl substituents (HMC) made it possible to obtain emulsions with high consistency which remained almost unchanged during gastric digestion, and thus could enhance fullness and satiety perceptions at gastric level. Moreover, the HMC emulsion slowed down lipid digestion to a greater extent than a conventional protein emulsion or the emulsions stabilised by the other cellulose ethers. Therefore, HMC emulsions could be used in weight management to increase satiation capacity and decrease lipid digestion.The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness for financial support (AGL2015-68923-C2 (MINECO/FEDER)) and gratefully acknowledge the financial support of EU FEDER funds. They would also like to thank Mary Georgina Hardinge for assistance in correcting the English manuscript.Borreani, JAA.; Espert, M.; Salvador Alcaraz, A.; Sanz, MT.; Quiles Chuliá, MD.; Hernando Hernando, MI. (2017). Oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by cellulose ethers: stability, structure and in vitro digestion. Food & Function. 8(4):1547-1557. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00159bS154715578

ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC SIGNS: REFLECTING UPON ITS TRANSITION

[EN] In our days we face a fundamental issue concerning road signs. We may display contents in vertical and horizontal format (static signs, variable message signs, road markings), either on a post, a gantry or a dashboard. And we foresee a coming age where the excellent matrix resolution of painted signs will be truly approached by the resolution of full matrix displays. But we also risk a babel context threatening the universal approach encouraged by international catalogues as the 1968 Convention (ECE/TRANS/196, 2007). And the fundamental risk comes from our decisions regarding how the transition from the contents and formats displayed on static message signs to the ones displayed on electronic signs (in gantries or dashboards) should be. Our work explores this issue specifically, considering the transition from Advance Direction Signs (static message signs, class G, 1 in the 1968 Convention) to what could be termed Advance Location Signs (signs concerning the location of variable events with regards to certain landmarks) developed as an adaptation of the G, 1 class to electronic traffic signs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3217  http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/CIT/CIT2016Arbaiza Martin, A.; Lucas Alba, A.; Hernando Mazón, A.; Blanch Micó, MT. (2016). ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC SIGNS: REFLECTING UPON ITS TRANSITION. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2038-2045. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.3217OCS2038204

Finger and forehead PPG signal comparison for respiratory rate estimation

Objective: an evaluation of the location of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor for respiratory rate estimation is performed. Approach: finger-PPG, forehead-PPG, and respiratory signal were simultaneously recorded from 35 subjects while breathing spontaneously, and during controlled respiration experiments at a constant rate from 0.1 Hz to 0.6 Hz, in 0.1 Hz steps. Four PPG derived respiratory (PDR) signals were extracted from each one of the recorded PPG signals: pulse rate variability (PRV), pulse width variability (PWV), pulse amplitude variability (PAV) and the respiratory- induced intensity variability (RIIV). Respiratory rate was estimated from each one of the 4 PDR signals for both PPG sensor locations. In addition, different combinations of PDR signals, power distribution of the respiratory frequency range and differences of the morphological parameters extracted from both PPG signals have been analysed. Main results: results show a better performance in terms of successful estimation and relative error when: i) PPG signal is recorded in the finger; ii) the respiratory rate is less than 0.4 Hz; iii) RIIV signal is not considered. Furthermore, lower spectral power around the respiratory rate in the PDR signals recorded from the forehead was observed. Significance: these results suggest that respiratory rate estimation is better at lower rates (0.4 Hz and below) and that finger is better than forehead to estimate respiratory rate

Indicadors de qualitat per als centres escolars promotors d’activitat física i esportiva

Aquest estudi té com a objectiu identificar una sèrie d’indicadors adequats per a l’avaluació dels centres escolars en relació amb l’activitat física i esportiva, a partir d’una llista d’aspectes que, segons l’opinió d’experts en activitat física i esportiva escolar, determinen la qualitat dels centres escolars en relació amb aquest tema. Els instruments utilitzats han estat entrevistes semiestructurades a 3 experts, de reconegut prestigi i experiència contrastada en l’àmbit, i un qüestionari d’escala de valoració, aplicat a 15 responsables i 22 tècnics d’esport escolar de diferents comunitats autònomes. Els resultats mostren una llista de 64 indicadors dels quals s’han prioritzat 19, prevalent els valors obtinguts en el qüestionari en aquesta priorització. Entre els indicadors més destacats s’assenyalen: “Descripció de la pràctica de l’activitat física com educativa i saludable en el PEC”; “Existència de la figura i funcions de la coordinació”; “Percentatge de tècnics amb formació específica”; “Varietat d’activitats física/esportives més enllà de les realitzades a les classes d’educació física”. Els indicadors seleccionats poden aplicar-se com a eines d’autoavaluació o d’avaluació externa

Indicadores de calidad para los centros escolares promotores de actividad física y deportiva

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar una serie de indicadores adecuados para la evaluación de los centros escolares en relación con la actividad física y deportiva, a partir de un listado de aspectos que, en opinión de expertos en actividad física y deportiva escolar, determinan la calidad de los centros escolares con relación a este tema. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido entrevistas semiestructuradas a 3 expertos, de reconocido prestigio y experiencia contrastada en el ámbito, y un cuestionario de escala de valoración, aplicado a 15 responsables y 22 técnicos de deporte escolar de diferentes comunidades autónomas. Los resultados muestran un listado de 64 indicadores de los cuales se han priorizado 19, prevaleciendo los valores obtenidos en el cuestionario en dicha priorización. Entre los indicadores más destacados se señalan: “Descripción de la práctica de la actividad física como educativa y saludable en el PEC”; “Existencia de la figura y funciones de la coordinación”; “Porcentaje de técnicos con formación específica”; “Variedad de actividades física/deportivas más allá de las realizadas en las clases de educación física”. Los indicadores seleccionados pueden aplicarse a herramientas de autoevaluación o de evaluación externa

El Teatro-Foro como herramienta didáctica para el cambio educativo

This article presents an experience of educational innovation in theframework of the initial training of teachers. This innovation consists of theincorporation of techniques from the Theatre of the Oppressed, specificallythe Forum-Theatre, as a didactic strategy of university education. The objective is for students to know, from a critical perspective, the educational reality, to analyze the relations of power and structures of domination in the education centers and to act for transformation in order to construct and to develop a just and democratic education. This experience was carried out during four academic courses with first year students the Degree in Primary Education at the University of Almeria.To undertake this experience, first we approached the origin, the development and the methodology of the Forum-Theatre. Later, we placed this experience of initial training in the framework of critical pedagogy, according to the purposes of the same, and more specifically in the Problemposing of Paulo Freire, approaching the possibilities offered to us by the Forum-Theatre for development. Next, it contextualizes this experience of innovation, specifying the aims of the same, the development and the topics and approached conflicts. Finally, in the paragraph of conclusions, we indicate that the dualities (theory-practice, research-teaching, educationlearning, individual learning-collective learning, etc.) must join a new model for the initial educational training that the Forum-Theatre, as methodological tool, facilitates.Este trabajo presenta una experiencia de innovación docente en el marco de la formación inicial de maestros y maestras. Dicha innovación consiste en la incorporación de una técnica del Teatro del Oprimido, concretamente el Teatro-Foro, como estrategia didáctica en la enseñanza universitaria con el objetivo de que el alumnado conozca desde una perspectiva crítica la realidad educativa, analice las relaciones de poder y estructuras de dominación en los centros de enseñanza y actúe para su transformación con el fin de construir y desarrollar una educación justa y democrática. Dicha experiencia se viene realizando durante cuatro cursos académicos con alumnado de primero del Grado en Educación Primaria en la Universidad de Almería. Para dar cuenta de esta experiencia, en primer lugar, abordamos los orígenes, el desarrollo y la metodología del Teatro-Foro. Posteriormente, situamos dicha experiencia de formación inicial en el marco de la pedagogía crítica, acorde con las finalidades de esta, y más específicamente en el marco de la educación problematizadora de Paulo Freire, abordando qué posibilidades nos ofrece el Teatro-Foro para el desarrollo de esta educación. A continuación, contextualizamos esta experiencia de innovación, especificando los objetivos de la misma, su desarrollo y los temas y conflictos abordados. Por último, en el apartado de conclusiones, señalamos que las dualidades (teoría-práctica, investigación-docencia, enseñanza-aprendizaje, aprendizaje individual-aprendizaje colectivo, etc.) deben integrarse en un nuevo modelo para la formación inicial docente que el Teatro-Foro, como herramienta metodológica, facilita

Analysis of pesticide residues in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and in corbicular pollen. Exposure in citrus orchard with an integrated pest management system

In the last years, the honeybee population is facing growing threats such as expansion of pathogens, incorrect use of phytosanitary products and environmental contaminants, loss or fragmentation of habitat, invasive species and climate change. The citrus cropping by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Spain combines strategies to reduce pest populations preventing environmental problems and reducing levels of damage by using chemicals only when it is strictly necessary. The goal of this study is to develop a simple analytical method to evaluate pesticide residue levels in honeybees and corbicular pollen when honeybees are exposed to plant protection products (PPPs) used in integrated pest management citrus orchards. The proposed method is based in an ultrasound assisted extraction procedure followed by a dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up with alumina and LC-MS/MS pesticides determination. The method was validated in samples of honeybee and corbicular pollen for 10 pesticides commonly used in citrus orchards under IPM. This procedure was compared with QuEChERS methodologies for these matrices. The developed method was applied to determine pesticides in both matrices in a two -year study in citrus orchards.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Structural changes in biscuits made with cellulose emulsions as fat replacers

[EN] Biscuits are a popular baked cereal food much appreciated by consumers. In the last few years, cellulose derivatives have been successfully used as fat replacers in biscuits. In this way, not only is the total amount of fat reduced but also the saturated fatty acids and the trans fatty acids are eliminated. The aim of this study is to increase understanding of the functionality of different cellulose ether emulsions used as fat replacers in biscuits. For this purpose, three emulsions with different cellulose ethers were designed: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose and methylcellulose with greater methoxyl substitution (MCH). The microstructure and textural properties of the doughs and biscuits prepared with these emulsions were studied and the effects of cellulose types and glycerol as textural improver were also analysed. The results showed that the incorporation of glycerol in the doughs made with methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose cellulose emulsions seems to make the dough softer, bringing the values closer to those of the control dough; however, this effect disappears once the dough is baked. The presence of glycerol does not seem to have an effect on the hardness of the doughs and biscuits made using the methylcellulose with greater methoxyl substitution (MCH) emulsion.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for financial support (AGL2015-68923-C2) and gratefully acknowledge the financial support of EU FEDER funds.Teresa Sanz; Quiles Chuliá, MD.; Salvador Alcaraz, A.; Hernando Hernando, MI. (2017). Structural changes in biscuits made with cellulose emulsions as fat replacers. Food Science and Technology International. 23(6):480-489. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013217703273S48048923

Evaluation of residue levels of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam after foliar application to the citrus varieties Lane Late, Valencia Late, Rohde Summer, and Nules

Neonicotinoids are used to protect citrus trees against pests. Dissipation and persistence of neonicotinoids in pollen and nectar of citrus trees after foliar applications and their potential exposure to pollinators have not been well characterized. Field studies were conducted using three orange and one mandarin varieties to compare the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam residue levels and their decline in pollen and nectar after treatments in pre-bloom close to flowering period and their persistence 1 yr after treatment. The possible risk to honeybees was assessed. In nectar, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid residues were between 61 and 99% lower than in pollen, depending on the citrus variety or/and the days after treatment when applied close to blooming. At the end of the flowering period, imidacloprid in pollen and nectar was not detected in the mandarin variety after treatment in pre-bloom, whereas for thiamethoxam, no residues were detected in nectar but 10 ng/g was detected in pollen. There were no quantifiable levels of residues for either neonicotinoids in pollen or nectar during the flowering period of the following year. Neonicotinoid residue levels and their decline in nectar and pollen in citrus depended on the timing of applications relative to flowering and on the citrus variety. The absence of neonicotinoid residues 1 yr out after foliar applications in all varieties assayed demonstrated that none of the neonicotinoids tested were persistent. The results could be different in other citrus varieties, and therefore, also the exposure assessment for managed pollinators.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio