178ª Reunión de Patólogos de la Zona Norte. 24 de marzo de 2023

Como profesoras responsables y colaborador docente de la asignatura Procedimientos Diagnósticos y Terapéuticos Anatomopatológicos en el tercer curso del grado de Medicina, hemos liderado esta reunión científica y nos proponemos la publicación de este libro de resúmenes de los casos presentados para acercar y visibilizar nuestro trabajo a la comunidad universitaria, en especial a los estudiantes de Medicina. La especialidad médica de Anatomía Patológica es una desconocida por la mayoría de los estudiantes pese a haberse cursado la materia en el 5º semestre del grado, lo que hace difícil su elección en las plazas MIR. Para impulsar y dar publicidad a nuestra especialidad dentro de la comunidad universitaria, sirva de ejemplo y de transmisión de conocimiento a nuestros alumnos la publicación de este libro de casos

Marcadores tisulares relacionados con el proceso de carcinogénesis y proliferación celular y su implicación en la evolución del hepatocarcinoma tras el trasplante hepático.

El hepatocarcinoma es la neoplasia primaria de hígado más frecuente. Por ello, actualmente hay un gran interés en conocer la implicación de diferentes marcadores biológicos que podrían tener relación con el pronóstico y la recidiva tumoral tras el trasplante hepático. Uno de los marcadores estudiados en este trabajo, relacionado con la inflamación y la carcinogénesis, es la COX2. El interés en su estudio, ha derivado de su implicación en la progresión del cáncer de colon, esófago y estómago, pero no se conoce con exactitud cuál es su papel pronóstico en el hepatocarcinoma. Otro marcador que hemos estudiado, relacionado con la proliferación celular, es el Ki67. Su elevada expresión se ha asociado con un mal pronóstico del tumor. El estudio de COX2 y Ki67 podría identificar a un subgrupo de pacientes de riesgo y realizar un tratamiento más específico en el futuro

Valoración de los marcadores CD34 y Ki67 en el hepatocarcinoma

Este trabajo consiste en un estudio retrospectivo sobre una serie de 50 pacientes diagnosticados de hepatocarcinoma durante un periodo de 18 años (1999-2017) en el Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa en el cual se pretende estudiar si la positividad de los marcadores inmunohistoquímicos CD34 y Ki67 pueden suponer un peor pronóstico y una mayor agresividad en el hepatocarcinoma.<br /

Caracterización fenólica y capacidad antioxidante de extractos alcohólicos de hojas crudas y hervidas de Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiaceae)

Background and Aims: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius is a shrubby species that is used as an ornamental, medicinal and food plant in various parts of the world, known in Mexico as chaya. Little research has been published on its phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study is to determine phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of hydroalcoholic extracts (methanol-water and ethanol-water) in different proportions from raw and boiled C. aconitifolius leaves.Methods: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius was cultivated on the campus of the University of Querétaro (Mexico; 2014) using woody cuttings. During the summer of 2016, sampling of leaves of all the plants were carried out. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacity were determined in raw and boiled leaves from methanol-water (50:50 and 80:20) and ethanol-water (50:50 and 80:20) extracts. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds of each of the extracts were identified and quantified by the RP-HPLC-DAD method.Key results: Eleven phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in C. aconitifolius: gallic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, p-coumaric acid, resveratrol, luteolin and apigenin. In general, boiled leaves showed greater antioxidant capacity than raw leaves. Differences were observed in the content of the phenolic compounds depending on the type of solvent and mixture. The 80:20 ethanol extract from boiled leaves had the higher content of polyphenols.Conclusions: The boiling of the leaves increased the content of phenolic compounds in the extracts analyzed. The results of this study indicate that chaya leaves are a rich source of natural antioxidants.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius es una especie arbustiva que se utiliza como planta ornamental, medicinal y alimentaria en varias partes del mundo, conocida en México como chaya. Existe poca investigación científica publicada sobre su composición fenólica y su capacidad antioxidante. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la caracterización fenólica y la capacidad antioxidante de extractos hidroalcohólicos (metanol-agua y etanol-agua) en diferentes proporciones de hojas de C. aconitifolius crudas y hervidas.Métodos: Se realizó un cultivo de C. aconitifolius en el campus de la Universidad de Querétaro (México; 2014) utilizando estacas leñosas. Durante el verano de 2016 se realizaron muestreos de hojas de todas las plantas cultivadas. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT), el contenido total de flavonoides (CTF) y la capacidad antioxidante se determinaron en extractos de metanol-agua (50:50 y 80:20) y de etanol-agua (50:50 y 80:20) provenientes de hojas crudas y hervidas. Además, se identificaron y cuantificaron compuestos fenólicos de cada uno de los extractos mediante el método RP-HPLC-DAD.Resultados clave: Se identificaron y cuantificaron 11 compuestos fenólicos en la especie C. aconitifolius: ácido gálico, ácido vanílico, vainillina, ácido clorogénico, ácido cafeico, ácido ferúlico, ácido rosmarínico, ácido p-cumárico, resveratrol, luteolina y apigenina. En general, las hojas hervidas mostraron una mayor capacidad antioxidante que las hojas crudas. Se observaron diferencias en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos debido al tipo de solvente y mezcla utilizada, siendo el extracto etanólico 80:20 proveniente de las hojas hervidas de chaya el que mostró mayor contenido de polifenoles.Conclusiones: Hervir las hojas incrementó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos en los extractos analizados. Los resultados de este estudio indican que las hojas de chaya son una fuente rica de antioxidantes naturales

REFLEXIONES DESDE LA BIOETICA SOBRE LA NUTRIOLOGIA EN MEXICO

La bioética, concebida como la reflexión de la moral y la moralidad, es donde el hombre debe hacer el uso de su razón para entender sus actos y ser responsable de su individualidad y del colectivo humano. Las reflexiones bioéticas sobre la Nutriología, pretenden dar una pauta para llamar la atención sobre aquellas acciones pudiesen ser un riesgo para el hombre y sus poblaciones, perdiendo la guía profesional de lo así concebido en México. La práctica de las ciencias de la salud ha ido adquiriendo mayor complejidad y debe apoyarse en la reflexión y pautas reflexivas que propicia la ética práctica, la cual podría concebirse como el juicio crítico que el ser humano hace ante las diversas circunstancias sociales a que se enfrenta con el fin de vivir mejor. Palabras clave: nutrición, bioética, Méxicobioethic, nutriology, Méxic

Evaluation of the humoral and mucosal immune response of a multiepitope vaccine against COVID-19 in pigs

IntroductionThis study evaluated the immune response to a multiepitope recombinant chimeric protein (CHIVAX) containing B- and T-cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike’s receptor binding domain (RBD) in a translational porcine model for pre-clinical studies.MethodsWe generated a multiepitope recombinant protein engineered to include six coding conserved epitopes from the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Pigs were divided into groups and immunized with different doses of the protein, with serum samples collected over time to determine antibody responses by indirect ELISA and antibody titration. Peptide recognition was also analyzed by Western blotting. A surrogate neutralization assay with recombinant ACE2 and RBDs was performed. Intranasal doses of the immunogen were also prepared and tested on Vietnamese minipigs.ResultsWhen the immunogen was administered subcutaneously, it induced specific IgG antibodies in pigs, and higher doses correlated with higher antibody levels. Antibodies from immunized pigs recognized individual peptides in the multiepitope vaccine and inhibited RBD-ACE2 binding for five variants of concern (VOC). Comparative antigen delivery methods showed that both, subcutaneous and combined subcutaneous/intranasal approaches, induced specific IgG and IgA antibodies, with the subcutaneous approach having superior neutralizing activity. CHIVAX elicited systemic immunity, evidenced by specific IgG antibodies in the serum, and local mucosal immunity, indicated by IgA antibodies in saliva, nasal, and bronchoalveolar lavage secretions. Importantly, these antibodies demonstrated neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.DiscussionThe elicited antibodies recognized individual epitopes on the chimeric protein and demonstrated the capacity to block RBD-ACE2 binding of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and four VOCs. The findings provide proof of concept for using multiepitope recombinant antigens and a combined immunization protocol to induce a neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in the pig translational model for preclinical studies

Deciphering the quality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response associated with disease severity, immune memory and heterologous response

SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response has been associated with disease severity, immune memory and heterologous response to endemic coronaviruses. However, an integrative approach combining a comprehensive analysis of the quality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response with antibody levels in these three scenarios is needed. In the present study, we found that, in acute infection, while mild disease was associated with high T-cell polyfunctionality biased to IL-2 production and inversely correlated with anti-S IgG levels, combinations only including IFN-γ with the absence of perforin production predominated in severe disease. Seven months after infection, both non-hospitalised and previously hospitalised patients presented robust anti-S IgG levels and SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response. In addition, only previously hospitalised patients showed a T-cell exhaustion profile. Finally, combinations including IL-2 in response to S protein of endemic coronaviruses were the ones associated with SARS-CoV-2 S-specific T-cell response in pre-COVID-19 healthy donors’ samples. These results could have implications for protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and recurrent COVID-19 and may help for the design of new prototypes and boosting vaccine strategies.NIH (contract to AS, DW), Grant/AwardNumber: 75N9301900065; “Contratación de Personal Investigador Doctor”supported by the European Social Fund and Junta de Andalucía (PAIDIDOCTOR- Convocatoria 2019-2020 toFJO, SB); Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Fondos FEDER. ERM was supported bythe Spanish Research Council (CSIC);Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades Junta de Andalucía (research project to ERM), Grant/AwardNumber: CV20-85418; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en SIDA, whichis included in the Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de InvestigaciónCientífica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, 2008 to 2011 and 2013 to 2016,Grant/Award Numbers: RD16/0025/0020,RD16/0025/0026; Consejeria de Salud Junta de Andalucia (Research contract toJV), Grant/Award Number:RH-0037-2020; Instituto de Salud CarlosIII (PI19/01127 to ERM, CP19/00159 toAGV, FI17/00186 to MRJL, FI19/00083 toCGC, CM20/00243 to APG andCOV20/00698 to support COHVID-GS)Peer reviewe

Description of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell polyfunctionality features

SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response has been associated with disease severity, immune memory and heterologous response to endemic coronaviruses. However, an integrative approach combining a comprehensive analysis of the quality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response with antibody levels in these three scenarios is needed. In the present study we found that, in acute infection, while mild disease was associated with high T-cell polyfunctionality biased to IL-2 production and inversely correlated with anti-S IgG levels, combinations only including IFN-gamma; with absence of perforin production predominated in severe disease. Seven months after infection, both non-hospitalized and previously hospitalized patients presented robust anti-S IgG levels and SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response. In addition, only previously hospitalized patients showed a T-cell exhaustion profile. Finally, combinations including IL-2 in response to S protein of endemic coronaviruses, were the ones associated with SARS-CoV-2 S-specific T-cell response in pre-COVID-19 samples from healthy donors. These results have implications for protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and recurrent COVID-19 and may help for the design of new prototypes and boosting vaccine strategies.Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades Junta de Andalucia (research Project CV20-85418) (ERM) NIH contract 75N9301900065 (AS, DW) Consejeria de Salud Junta de Andalucia (Research Contract RH-0037-2020 to JV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP19/00159 to AGV, FI17/00186 to MRJL, FI19/00083 to CGC, CM20/00243 to APG and COV20/00698 to support COHVID-GS) Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en SIDA (RD16/0025/0020; RD16/0025/0026), which is included in the Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, 2008 to 2011 and 2013 to 2016 Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondos FEDER. ERM was supported by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC). “Contratación de Personal Investigador Doctor” supported by the European Social Fund and Junta de Andalucía (PAIDI DOCTOR- Convocatoria 2019-2020). (FJO, SB).N

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Ruminal fermentation modification of protein and carbohydrate by means of roasted and estimation of microbial protein synthesis

The animal meal prohibition as a protein source with low ruminal degradability in ruminant nutrition, creates the need to seek alternatives, as legume seeds, however, its protein, have a high degradability, which could generate losses of nitrogen in the rumen. Other problem in the legume seeds is the content of antinutritional factors such as protease inhibitors, tannins, phenolic compounds, lectins and some others, could affect the digestibility. One alternative to decrease the degradability of the protein and/or decrease the activity of some antinutritional factors is the use of different technological treatments such as roasting. Microbial protein synthesis is dependent on the availability of nitrogen or amino acids and of the degradable carbohydrate content, or of content of Organic Matter digestible and rumen degraded (OMDRD), and the synchronization in rumen degradation between protein and carbohydrates. If there are high amounts of degradable nitrogen or if the content and rate of carbohydrates degradation in the rumen is reduced or not synchronized with the degradation of protein, could be losses of nitrogen and/or energy in the rumen. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of proteins and carbohydrates from various seeds and grains, the effect of dry-roasted application on degradability behavior of seeds