Origin and Impact of Government Regulations

İnternet g&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde pek &ccedil;ok işlevinin yanında bilgi edinme s&uuml;re&ccedil;lerinde başvurulan &ouml;nemli bir kaynak konumundadır. Bu durum dini bilgi edinme pratikleri a&ccedil;ısından da ge&ccedil;erlidir. Bazı araştırma bulguları internetin dini bilgi arama/edinme s&uuml;re&ccedil;lerinde geleneksel bilgi kaynaklarıyla birlikte en &ccedil;ok başvurulan kaynaklar arasında olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda bu &ccedil;alışma &uuml;niversite &ouml;ğrencilerinin dini bilgi gereksinimlerini karşılama s&uuml;recinde kullandıkları bilgi edinme kaynakları ve bu kaynakların g&uuml;venilirliğiyle birlikte temelde onların internet &uuml;zerinden dini bilgi edinme s&uuml;re&ccedil;lerindeki eleştirel yeterliliklerine odaklanmaktadır. &Ouml;ğrencilerin dini bilgi arama/edinme s&uuml;re&ccedil;lerindeki eleştirel yeterliliklerini &ouml;l&ccedil;mek amacıyla, Eken ve Aydın (2018) tarafından geliştirilen, dini/enformasyonel i&ccedil;erikli internet sitelerinin değerlendirilmesine y&ouml;nelik kullanıcı merkezli kriterlerin baz alındığı &ccedil;alışma, Erciyes &Uuml;niversitesi İletişim Fak&uuml;ltesi &ouml;ğrencilerinden basit rastlantısal &ouml;rneklem tekniğiyle se&ccedil;ilen k&uuml;me &uuml;zerinde ger&ccedil;ekleştirilen ampirik bir araştırma niteliği taşımaktadır. &Ccedil;alışmadan elde edilen sonu&ccedil;lara g&ouml;re; internetin &uuml;niversite &ouml;ğrencileri i&ccedil;in en temel dini bilgi kaynaklarından biri olduğu; ancak bu yaygın kullanımın aksine &ouml;ğrencilerin internet ortamından elde edilen bilgilere yeterince g&uuml;venmediği ve anket formunda belirtilen kriterlere oranla alt-orta d&uuml;zeyde bir eleştirel yeterliliğe sahip olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu sonu&ccedil; &uuml;niversite &ouml;ğrencileri i&ccedil;in eleştirel okuryazarlık becerisi kazandıracak eğitim s&uuml;re&ccedil;lerinin gerekliliğini ortaya koyması bakımından &ouml;nemlidirToday, the internet is an important resource which is used in information acquisition processes. This also applies to religious practice. Some research findings demonstrate that the internet is among the most frequently used sources in the process of religious information searching/acquiring with traditional sources of information. In this respect, this study focuses on the sources of information and the reliability of these sources in the process of meeting university students&#39; religious knowledge requirements and focuses on the critical competencies of these students in the process of acquiring religious knowledge on the internet. In order to measure the critical competencies of the students in the process of religious information searching, a study based on user-centered criteria for the evaluation of religious / informative websites, developed by Eken and Aydın (2018), is an empirical study conducted by the students of Erciyes University Faculty of Communication with a simple random sampling technique. According to the results obtained from the study; It can be stated that internet is one of the most basic sources for religious information for university students, but unlike this widespread use, students do not trust the information obtained from the Internet environment and have a moderate level of critical competency compared to the criteria specified in the survey form. This situation is important in terms of demonstrating the necessity of educational processes that will redound critical literacy skills for university students</p

The prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnancy in an east Anatolian province, Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Anemia is considered a severe public health problem by World Health Organization when anemia prevalence is equal to or greater than 40% in the population. The purpose of this study was to determine the anemia prevalence with the associated factors in pregnant women and to determine the serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin status in anaemic pregnants in Malatya province.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a cross-sectional survey. A multi-sage stratified probability-proportional-to-size cluster sampling methodology was used. A total of 823 pregnant women from sixty clusters were studied. Women were administered a questionnaire related with the subject and blood samples were drawn. Total blood count was performed within four hours and serum iron, folate and B12 vitamin were studied after storing sera at -20 C for six months.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Anemia prevalence was 27.1% (Hb < 11.0 gr/dl). Having four or more living children (OR = 2.2), being at the third trimester (OR = 2.3) and having a low family income (OR = 1.6) were determined as the independent predictors of anemia in pregnancy. Anemia was also associated with soil eating (PICA) in the univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Of anaemic women, 50.0% had a transferrin saturation less than 10% indicating iron deficiency, 34.5% were deficient in B12 vitamin and 71.7% were deficient in folate. Most of the anemias were normocytic-normochromic (56.5%) indicating mixed anemia.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In Malatya, for pregnant women anemia was a moderate public health problem. Coexisting of iron, folate and B vitamin deficiencies was observed among anaemics. To continue anemia control strategies with reasonable care and diligence was recommended.</p

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Hemifasiyal atrofide trombositten zengin plazma ve dermofat greft kombinasyonunun uzun dönem sonucu : olgu sunumu

Hemifasiyal atrofi de kontur bozukluklarının düzeltilmesi için birçok cerrahi yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Dermofat greftin yaşayabilirliğini arttırdığı bilinen trombositten zengin plazma ile yağ greftini kombine ettiğimiz bir hastmızdaki uzun dönem sonuçlarını paylaşmak istiyoruz. Hastamız 30 yaşında erkek hasta yüzünün sol yarısında erime şikâyeti ile geldi. Son 5 yıldır yüzdeki erime şikâyetinin ilerlemediğini öğrendik. Diğer tedavi seçeneklerini hasta ile paylaşarak yağ grefti ile eş zamanlı trombositten zengin plazma uygulamaya karar verdik. Estetik açıdan tatmin edici sonuçlar aldık. Trombositten zengin plazma içerdiği büyüme faktörleri ve sitokinler sayesinde yağ greftlerinde ortaya çıkan absorbsiyon ve yağ kistleri oluşumu gibi olumsuz etkileri azaltarak, neovaskülarizasyonu arttırarak yaşayabilen yağ doku miktarını arttırmaktadır. Uzun süren, riskli, donor alanda morbiditeye neden olan serbest flep uygulamalarına kıyasla daha kolay ve tekrarlanabilen bir prosedür olduğundan trombositten zengin plazma ile kombine yağ greftlerinin alternatif olabileceği kanaatindeyizThere are many surgical techniques for repairing the contour deformities of hemi-facial atrophy. In this report, we aim to present the long-term results of a patient whom we treated with a combination of fat graft and platelet rich plasma, which is known to enhance the viability of the dermofat graft. A 30-year-old male patient was admitted with the complaint of his left hemi-facial atrophy. The anamnesis revealed that the hemifacial atrophy had not been progressing for the last 5 years. We discussed the various treatment choices with the patient and decided to perform a combination of fat graft and the platelet rich plasma, simultaneously. We achieved aesthetically satisfying results. The platelet rich plasma contains growth factors and cytokines and by these contents it decreases the adverse effects in terms of the formation of the absorption and the fat cysts, and it improves the viability of the fat graft by enhancing neovascularization. Compared to free flap procedures, which are time consuming and risky as well as they cause morbidity for donors, the platelet rich plasma combined with fat grafts may be an alternative application for its advantages such as its easy application and reproducible procedur

Algorithmic approach to the prevention of unnecessary fasciotomy in extremity snake bite

Background: In the literature, there is a lack of a consensus about the occurrence of the compartment syndrome due to the snake bites. There are different concepts for the surgical treatment of the threshold value of the chamber pressure. There are many different classifications and assessment criteria for the snakebites

HOS BASED ONLINE CALIBRATION

Antenna array calibration is an important task. In this paper, an online calibration method is proposed for antenna arrays where the antennas have unknown gain/phase mismatch and mutual coupling. The mutual coupling matrix is unstructured and the array is randomly deployed on a plane. Two reference sensors are assumed to be perfectly calibrated. The proposed technique uses higher order statistics (HOS) and the reference sensors to estimate the direction-of-arrivals (DOA) of multiple signals. The gain/phase mismatch and mutual coupling parameters are also estimated with a direct approach. Several simulations are done to show the effectiveness of the proposed method

ARRAY CALIBRATION WITH MODIFIED ITERATIVE HOS-SOS (MIHOSS) ALGORITHM

Joint direction-of-arrival (DOA) and sensor position estimation for randomly deployed sensors is introduced in Iterative HOS-SOS (IHOSS) algorithm [1]. MOSS algorithm exploits the advantages of both higher-order-statistics (HOS) and second-order-statistics (SOS) with an iterative algorithm using two reference sensors. The iterative algorithm is guaranteed to converge. IHOSS algorithm solves the position ambiguity by using source signals observed at multiple frequencies and hence it is applicable for wideband signals. In this paper, we propose :Modified-MOSS (MIHOSS) algorithm to solve the same problem for narrowband signals. In MIHOSS, it is assumed that the nominal sensor positions are known. It is shown that ambiguity problem is solved effectively without any assumption on the position perturbations. The upper bound of perturbations for unambiguous sensor position estimation is presented. The performance of MIHOSS approaches to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for both DOA and position estimation

Iterative HOS-SOS (IHOSS) Algorithm for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation and Sensor Localization

A new method for joint direction-of-arrival (DOA) and sensor position estimation is introduced. The sensors are assumed to be randomly deployed except two reference sensors. The proposed method exploits the advantages of both higher-order-statistics (HOS) and second-order-statistics (SOS) with an iterative algorithm, namely Iterative Higher-Order Second-Order Statistics (IHOSS). A new cumulant matrix estimation technique is proposed for the HOS approach by converting the multisource problem into a single source one. IHOSS performs well even in case of correlated source signals due to the effectiveness of the proposed cumulant matrix estimate. A cost function is defined for the joint DOA and position estimation. The iterative procedure is guaranteed to converge. The ambiguity problem in sensor position estimation is solved by observing the source signals at least in two different frequencies. The conditions on these frequencies are presented. Closed-form expressions are derived for the deterministic Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for DOA and unknown sensor positions for noncircular complex Gaussian noise with unknown covariance matrix. Simulation results show that the performance of IHOSS is significantly better than the HOS approaches for DOA estimation and closely follows the CRB for both DOA and sensor position estimations

ITERATIVE HOS-SOS (IHOSS) BASED SENSOR LOCALIZATION AND DIRECTION-OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION

A new method for joint Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) and sensor position estimation is introduced. The proposed method exploits the advantages of both higher-order-statistics (HOS) and second-order-statistics (SOS) with an iterative algorithm. The ambiguity problem in sensor position estimation is solved by observing source signals at least in two different frequencies. These frequencies should satisfy a certain condition which is presented in the paper. A new cost function is defined for the DOA and position estimation. The proposed method works even when the source signals are correlated contrary to the HOS approaches. The performance of the method approaches to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for both DOA and position estimation