The Development of Novel Drug to Treat Tuberculosis Disease

One important agenda in the sustainable development goals is the eradication of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Targeting tuberculosis is not as easy as it is said, because the bacterium that causes this disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, seems to have its own agenda to become an eternal enemy of civilization. Prevention of TB disease established by BCG vaccination is only effective in preventing TB for children. At the later stage, these bacteria can still infect humans in adulthood. Treatment strategy for TB patients has been implemented with DOTS, but the success of this strategy requires carefulness and discipline of medical staff and patients. This curative strategy also continues to experience problems with the emergence of Mtb strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics (MDR) and extremely resistant drug resistant (XDR). In addition to these problems, attention also needs to be focused on latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The current estimation by WHO suggests that a quarter of the human population may be latently infected with Mtb, and about ten percent of this number will develop active TB. The present understanding of the mechanism by which Mtb is capable of infecting humans in latent fashion provides strategy to deal with Mtb, i.e. by blocking Mtb's proteins that contribute to latent tuberculosis infection. In this minireview, Mtb proteins involved in latent tuberculosis infection and the opportunity to develop TB novel drugs based on the inhibition of these proteins are presented

Penerapan Pendekatan Reciprocal Teaching dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Aktivitas Mahasiswa Program Khusus PGMIPABI pada Mata Kuliah BiochemistryI

Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih rendahnya aktivitas mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Biokimia I. Agar tidak terulang pada program PGMIPABI pada mata kuliah yang sama digunakan pendekatan reciprocal teaching. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus. Tiap siklus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan perubahan yang ingin dicapai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas mahasiswa pada siklus Itermasuk kategori cukup aktif. Pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan hingga kategori aktif. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan Reciprocal Teaching dapat meningkatkan aktivitas mahasiswa program PGBI pada mata kuliah Biochemistry I

Biochemical characterization of a novel lysosomal membrane protein Disrupted in renal carcinoma 2 (DIRC2)

A novel putative lysosomal membrane protein Disrupted in renal carcinoma 2 (DIRC2) is shown to localize to lysosomal/late endosomal markers. Its lysosomal targeting depends on a dileucine motif at its N-terminus. DIRC2 is a glycosylated protein and expressed as a fragmented protein, where cathepsin L is critical for its processing. Bioinformatic analysis shows that DIRC2 is a putative member of Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter protein. DIRC2 is shown to be an electrogenic. However, its substrate is still need to be investigated

Pengembangan Modul Kimia Etnosains Terintegrasi Model Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching (CRTT)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan modul kimia etnosains terintegrasi model Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching (CRTT) yang layak dan praktis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian & pengembangan menggunakan model ADDIE. Uji coba terbatas pada penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 31 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA di SMAN 1 Pujut. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan uji validitas pada tiga ahli dan angket respon peserta didik. Hasil uji validitas menunjukkan aspek isi sebesar 0,81 kategori sangat valid, aspek penyajian sebesar 0,79 kategori valid, aspek bahasa sebesar 0,79 kategori valid, aspek tampilan sebesar 0,81 kategori sangat valid dan aspek orientasi etnosains-CRTT sebesar 0,87 kategori sangat valid. Respon peserta didik pada aspek tampilan sebesar 3,49 kategori sangat baik, aspek materi sebesar 3,46 kategori sangat baik, aspek bahasa sebesar 3,46 kategori sangat baik dan aspek motivasi 3,50 kategori sangat baik

PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI PADA MATERI POKOK SISTEM KOLOID

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) menghasilkan multimedia interaktif sistem koloid yang layak diterapkan di sekolah, dan menguji keefektifan multimedia interaktif tersebut dengan: 2) mengetahui apakah penguasaan konsep siswa yang menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual lebih baik daripada penguasaan konsep siswa yang tidak menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual pada materi pokok sistem koloid; dan 3) mengetahui apakah keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yang menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual lebih baik daripada keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yang tidak menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual pada materi pokok sistem koloid. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah research and development (R&D) dengan mengikuti model pengembangan Borg & Gall. Hasil validasi ahli oleh 4 validator dan uji coba terbatas oleh 10 siswa menunjukkan bahwa multimedia interaktif sangat layak digunakan dengan skor masing-masing sebesar 4,21 dan 4,36. Uji coba lapangan menggunakan desain non-equivalent control group design dengan 2 kelas sampel, menghasilkan nilai probabilitas penguasaan konsep sebesar 0,00 (p < 0,05) dan nilai probabilitas keterampilan berpikir kritis sebesar 0,00 (p < 0,05). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) pengembangan produk pembelajaran berupa multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual dapat dikembangkan dengan cara melakukan analisis materi pada setiap sub materi sebagai dasar pengembangan produk awal, selanjutnya diuji kelayakan dan efektivitasnya serta direvisi lewat validasi ahli, uji coba terbatas, dan uji coba lapangan sehingga dihasilkan produk akhir yang layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah, 2) penguasaan konsep siswa yang menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual lebih baik daripada penguasaan konsep siswa yang tidak menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual pada materi pokok sistem koloid, dan 3) keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yang menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual lebih baik daripada keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yang tidak menggunakan multimedia interaktif berbasis kontekstual pada materi pokok sistem koloid.Kata Kunci: multimedia interaktif, kontekstual, penguasaan konsep, keterampilan berpikir kritis  Abstract: The aims of this study were to: 1) generate interactive multimedia of colloidal system which is suitable to be implemented in schools, and to test the effectiveness of an interactive multimedia by: 2) knowing whether concepts mastery of students who use context-based interactive multimedia is better than concepts mastery of students who do not use context-based interactive multimedia on subject matter of colloidal system, and 3) knowing whether critical thinking skill of students who use context-based interactive multimedia is better than critical thinking skill of students who do not use context-based interactive multimedia on subject matter of the colloidal system. The method used in this study was research and development (R&D) according to the model of Borg & Gall’s development. The results of the expert validation by 4 validators and limited testing by 10 students showed that the interactive multimedia was very suitable to be used, with scores of 4.21 and 4.36 for expert validation and limited testing, respectively. Field trial testing, using a non-equivalent control group design with 2 class samples, resulted in the concept mastery of probability value of 0.00 (p < 0.05) and the probability of critical thinking skill value of 0.00 (p < 0.05). From this research we can conclude that: 1) context-based interactive multimedia can be developed by means of analyzing the material in each sub material as the basis for developing primary form of product, then tested for it’s feasibility, effectiveness, and revised through an expert validation, limited field is considered testing, and main field testing, consecutively, so that the resulting product to be suitable for learning process, 2) concepts mastery of students who use context-based interactive multimedia is better than concepts mastery of students who do not use context-based interactive multimedia on subject matter of colloidal system, and 3) critical thinking skill of students who use context-based interactive multimedia is better than critical thinking skill of students who do not use context-based interactive multimedia on the subject matter of the colloidal system. Keywords: interactive multimedia, context learning, concept mastery, critical thinking skil

Pengembangan Modul Kimia Berbasis Etnosains Dengan Mengangkat Kebiasaan Petani Garam

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan modul kimia berbasis etnosains yang valid dan praktis dengan mengangkat kebiasaan petani garam. Penelitian ini mengacu pada model 4D dari Tiahgrajan, S. Semmel & Semmel yang dimodifikasi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu define, design, dan develop. Modul kimia dilakukan ujicoba kevalidan dan kepraktisan sebelum digunkaan dalam pembelajaran kimia. Validasi dilakukan oleh tiga tim ahli dan disesuaikan dengan tabel penskoran, sedangkan uji kepraktisan menggunakan angket respon peserta didik dengan menggunakan skla likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul kimia berbasis etnosains dalam kategori layak dan praktis digunakan dalam pembelajaran dengan perolehan skor berturut-turut sebesar 0.91 dan 3.00

SINTESIS BARIUM M-HEXAFERRITTE (BaFe12-xNixO19) DOPING LOGAM NIKEL DENGAN METODE KOPRESIPITASI

Synthesis of Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xNixO19) nickel metal doping have been done with co-precipitation method and its effect on temperature changes and substitution dopants. Basic materials used in the synthesis of BaCO3, FeCl3.6H2O, HCl, NH4OH and nickel metal. The process of synthesis of barium M-heksaferit conducted at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Analytical Laboratories Unram. This study used a variation of calcination temperature of 80, 400, 600 and 800°C for 4 hours with a variety of dopants 0; 0.4; 0.7 and 0.9. Synthesis results show that changes in the concentration of the dopant variables and calcination temperature indicate a tendency to change color to brown-black powder.Abstract: Barium Mhexaferrite, dopant, nickel, co-precipitation

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA SISWA SMK NEGERI 3 MATARAM

This study aims to determine the application of science process skills to improve chemistry learning outcomes at SMK Negeri 3 Mataram. This study used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group design. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling technique. The research sample for the experimental class were 37 students and 37 students in the control class. Data were retreived using multiple choice test that has been tested for its validity. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05. N-Gain value calculation was also used to determine the chemistry learning outcome. The result showed that value of N-Gain in the experimental and control group were 0,45 and 0,42 respectively. The results showed that the science process skills approach increased students learning outcomes to medium category. The results of the t-test in both groups were shown not to be significant (α = 0.05). It can be concluded that there is no significant learning outcomes improvement of experimental group in comparison to the control group.Keywords: Science process skills, Learning outcome

PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI PADA MATERI POKOK SISTEM KOLOID

The aims of this study were to: 1) generate interactive multimedia of colloidal system which is suitable to be implemented in schools, and to test the effectiveness of the interactive multimedia by: 2) knowing whether critical thinking skill of students who use context-based interactive multimedia is better than critical thinking skill of students who do not use context-based interactive multimedia on subject matter of the colloidal system. The method used in this study was research and development (R&amp;D) according to the model of Borg &amp; Gall’s development. The results of the expert validation by 4 validators and limited testing by 10 students showed that the interactive multimedia was very suitable to be used, with scores of 4.21 and 4.36 for expert validation and limited testing, respectively. Field trial  using a non-equivalent control group design with 2 class samples, resulted in the critical thinking skill of probability value of 0.00 (p &lt; 0.05). From this research we can conclude that: 1) context-based interactive multimedia can be developed by means of analyzing the materials in each sub materials as the basis for developing primary form of product, then tested for it’s feasibility, effectiveness, and revised through an expert validation, limited field testing, and main field testing, consecutively, so that the resulting product is considered to be suitable for learning process, and 3) critical thinking skill of students who use context-based interactive multimedia is better than critical thinking skill of students who do not use context-based interactive multimedia on the subject matter of the colloidal system. Keywords: interactive multimedia, context learning, concept mastery, critical thinking skil

PRAKTIKUM KIMIA BERBASIS KIMIA KOMPUTASI UNTUK SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

Program pengembangan praktikum kimia berbasis kimia komputasi untuk Sekolah Menengah Atas telah dilaksanakan pada kelompok kerja guru kimia mitra (SMAN 1 Narmada dan SMAN 2 Narmada) di Kabuaten Lombok Barat, Indonesia. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan dengan mengadopsi langkah-langkah penelitian tindakan yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, dan refleksi. Target yang telah dicapai melalui kegiatan ini adalah 1) Teridentifikasinya konsep-konsep kimia SMA yang esensial yang bisa diajarkan dengan lebih mudah bila melibatkan eksperimen berbasis kimia komputasi sebagai alternatif pengganti praktikum di laboratorium. 2) Teridentifikasinya perangkat lunak yang dapat digunakan oleh guru sebagai alternative pengganti praktikum kimia. 3) Mengukur tingkat motivasi guru sebelum dan setelah kegiatan untuk melaksanakan praktikum kimia di sekolah. 4) Adanya produk berupa buku panduan praktikum kimia SMA berbasis kimia komputasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti praktikum di laboratorium. Program ini sangat berguna untuk meningkatkan proses belajar mengajar kimia di sekolah