INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO APOIO À TOMADA DE DECISÕES NO DIREITO TRIBUTÁRIO

No Brasil, a área de direito tributário tem enfrentado sérios problemas devido ao atual modelo de aplicação da lei no país. Os casos de aplicação da lei tributária, em particular, têm uma grande parcela de responsabilidade pelas altas taxas de congestionamento judicial. O grande volume de ações judiciais vencidas dificulta a eficácia da justiça. Um dos pontos identificados como gargalo para a conclusão de tais processos legais, mais especificamente nos processos fiscais relacionados ao imposto municipal, é a identificação dos Avisos de Recebimento (AR) que comprovam que os devedores receberam informações sobre as dívidas que devem. Somente quando os tribunais estão na posse de um AR devidamente assinado, o processo pode avançar; quando uma entrega de aviso falhou, é necessário tentar novamente a entrega do aviso de dívida e, de fato, pode ser necessário encontrar meios alternativos de entrar em contato com o devedor. Para ajudar a acelerar a resolução de tais processos, estão sendo desenvolvidos aplicativos baseados em técnicas de inteligência artificial. Tendo em mente que a área do direito geralmente tem alguma resistência à adoção de sistemas automatizados, está sendo trabalhado em uma abordagem explicável que pode mostrar ao usuário qual raciocínio foi usado para chegar à conclusão sugerida, o que permite que os especialistas jurídicos tomem uma decisão final. Uma ontologia com conceitos relacionados ao direito tributário no Brasil está sendo desenvolvida. Essa ontologia será utilizada por um agente inteligente capaz de raciocinar sobre seus conceitos, extrair informações de documentos usando o Processamento de Linguagem Natural (PLN) e identificar padrões de raciocínio em processos utilizando a mineração de argumentos.CEECIND/01997/2017, UIDB/00057/20

Os impactos de efeito domin? causados em outros clientes pela exposi??o ao comportamento disfuncional do cliente

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS ([email protected]) on 2016-12-12T11:41:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DENISE_GARCIA_TELLI_COMPLETO.pdf: 1372707 bytes, checksum: 4779a306e7ea034ed628e1368b0ae072 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T11:41:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DENISE_GARCIA_TELLI_COMPLETO.pdf: 1372707 bytes, checksum: 4779a306e7ea034ed628e1368b0ae072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29This study sought to evaluate the reaction of other customers exposed to dysfunctional customer behavior in the context of services, moreover the impact of the acceptability of dysfunctional behavior over this reaction and the moderation of ethics and risk perception. There are no empirical studies on the relationship between exposure to dysfunctional customer behavior and the variables: acceptability, ethics, risk perception and the domino effect thus these objectives are interesting to marketing academics. To achieve the objectives, two experimental studies were performed with an online sample (n = 190). It was shown that the acceptability of the dysfunctional behavior as the individual ethical level impact the relationship between exposure to dysfunctional customer behavior and the likelihood of domino effect. The perception of risk directly impacts the likelihood of domino effect when the individual evaluates the behavior of another person. But when the individual evaluates his own behavior intention, the perception of risk impacts the domino effect only when associated with the acceptability of the dysfunctional customer behavior. For service managers these results are relevant because they demonstrate that consumers "learn" with others, therefore companies should emphasize to consumers how dysfunctional behaviors are unacceptable, pursuing to minimize the losses from dysfunctional customer behavior.Este estudo buscou avaliar a rea??o de outros clientes expostos ao comportamento disfuncional do cliente (CDC) no contexto de servi?os, bem como o impacto da aceitabilidade do comportamento disfuncional nesta rea??o e a modera??o da ?tica e percep??o de risco. Estes objetivos s?o de interesse da academia pois n?o existem estudos emp?ricos sobre as rela??es entre a exposi??o ao CDC e as vari?veis aceitabilidade, ?tica, percep??o de risco e efeito domin?. Para que os objetivos pudessem ser atingidos, dois estudos experimentais foram realizados com uma amostra online (n=190). Comprovou-se que a aceitabilidade impacta na rela??o entre a exposi??o ao CDC e a probabilidade de efeito domin? bem como o n?vel de ?tica do indiv?duo. A percep??o de risco impacta diretamente a probabilidade de efeito domin? quando o indiv?duo julga o comportamento de outra pessoa. J? quando o indiv?duo julga sua pr?pria inten??o de comportamento, a percep??o de risco impacta o efeito domin? quando associada ? aceitabilidade do CDC. Para profissionais da ?rea de marketing esses resultados s?o relevantes pois demonstram que os consumidores ?aprendem? com outros, assim as empresas devem buscar enfatizar aos consumidores o quanto os comportamentos disfuncionais s?o inaceit?veis, tentando desta forma minimizar as perdas oriundas deste tipo de comportamento

Desonestidade é contagiosa: Investigando o efeito dominó do comportamento disfuncional do consumidor

The interaction between dysfunctional customers and other customers can cause the domino effect (i.e., the dissemination of a dysfunctional client’s behavior to other nearby clients). However, it is not understood if this effect will manifest under certain levels of damage to the company. This study thus aims to verify if the amount of damage from the dysfunctional behavior can affect the probability of the domino effect. Through five experimental studies, we prove that the amount of damage influences the likelihood of dysfunctional behavior replication. Moreover, we found that this effect is explained by the acceptability of the dysfunctional behavior. We also identify that a consumer’s ethics level, perception of risk in replicating the behavior, and social distance acts as boundary conditions of the amount of damage effect on the probability of replicating the dysfunctional behavior.A interação entre clientes disfuncionais e outros clientes pode causar o efeito dominó (ou seja, a disseminação do comportamento de um cliente disfuncional para outros clientes próximos). No entanto, não há uma compreensão se esse efeito ocorrerá em tamanhos diferentes de danos à empresa. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se o tamanho do dano pode afetar a ocorrência de efeito dominó do comportamento disfuncional. Através de cinco estudos experimentais, verificamos que o tamanho do dano influencia a probabilidade de replicar um comportamento disfuncional. Além disso, descobrimos que esse efeito é explicado pela aceitabilidade de um comportamento disfuncional. Também identificamos que o nível de ética do consumidor, a percepção de risco ao replicar o comportamento e a distância social atuam como condicionantes do efeito do tamanho do dano na probabilidade de replicar o comportamento disfuncional

Cardiovascular side effects of cancer therapies: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology.

The reductions in mortality and morbidity being achieved among cancer patients with current therapies represent a major achievement. However, given their mechanisms of action, many anti-cancer agents may have significant potential for cardiovascular side effects, including the induction of heart failure. The magnitude of this problem remains unclear and is not readily apparent from current clinical trials of emerging targeted agents, which generally under-represent older patients and those with significant co-morbidities. The risk of adverse events may also increase when novel agents, which frequently modulate survival pathways, are used in combination with each other or with other conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. The extent to which survival and growth pathways in the tumour cell (which we seek to inhibit) coincide with those in cardiovascular cells (which we seek to preserve) is an open question but one that will become ever more important with the development of new cancer therapies that target intracellular signalling pathways. It remains unclear whether potential cardiovascular problems can be predicted from analyses of such basic signalling mechanisms and what pre-clinical evaluation should be undertaken. The screening of patients, optimization of therapeutic schemes, monitoring of cardiovascular function during treatment, and the management of cardiovascular side effects are likely to become increasingly important in cancer patients. This paper summarizes the deliberations of a cross-disciplinary workshop organized by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (held in Brussels in May 2009), which brought together clinicians working in cardiology and oncology and those involved in basic, translational, and pharmaceutical science.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tReviewFLWINSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Presentation, management, and outcomes of older compared to younger adults with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit: a multicenter cohort study

Purpose: Older adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have fair baseline functional capacity, yet their age and frailty may compromise their management. We compared the characteristics and management of older (≥ 75 years) versus younger adults hospitalized in ICU with hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (HA-BSI). Methods: Nested cohort study within the EUROBACT-2 database, a multinational prospective cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized in the ICU during 2019-2021. We compared older versus younger adults in terms of infection characteristics (clinical signs and symptoms, source, and microbiological data), management (imaging, source control, antimicrobial therapy), and outcomes (28-day mortality and hospital discharge). Results: Among 2111 individuals hospitalized in 219 ICUs with HA-BSI, 563 (27%) were ≥ 75 years old. Compared to younger patients, these individuals had higher comorbidity score and lower functional capacity; presented more often with a pulmonary, urinary, or unknown HA-BSI source; and had lower heart rate, blood pressure and temperature at presentation. Pathogens and resistance rates were similar in both groups. Differences in management included mainly lower rates of effective source control achievement among aged individuals. Older adults also had significantly higher day-28 mortality (50% versus 34%, p < 0.001), and lower rates of discharge from hospital (12% versus 20%, p < 0.001) by this time. Conclusions: Older adults with HA-BSI hospitalized in ICU have different baseline characteristics and source of infection compared to younger patients. Management of older adults differs mainly by lower probability to achieve source control. This should be targeted to improve outcomes among older ICU patients

The role of centre and country factors on process and outcome indicators in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between centre/country-based factors and two important process and outcome indicators in patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI). Methods: We used data on HABSI from the prospective EUROBACT-2 study to evaluate the associations between centre/country factors on a process or an outcome indicator: adequacy of antimicrobial therapy within the first 24 h or 28-day mortality, respectively. Mixed logistical models with clustering by centre identified factors associated with both indicators. Results: Two thousand two hundred nine patients from two hundred one intensive care units (ICUs) were included in forty-seven countries. Overall, 51% (n = 1128) of patients received an adequate antimicrobial therapy and the 28-day mortality was 38% (n = 839). The availability of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for aminoglycosides everyday [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.14] or within a few hours (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34-2.38), surveillance cultures for multidrug-resistant organism carriage performed weekly (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.93), and increasing Human Development Index (HDI) values were associated with adequate antimicrobial therapy. The presence of intermediate care beds (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.84), TDM for aminoglycoside available everyday (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-1.00) or within a few hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.70), 24/7 consultation of clinical pharmacists (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95), percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) between 10% and 25% in the ICU (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.00-2.80), and decreasing HDI values were associated with 28-day mortality. Conclusion: Centre/country factors should be targeted for future interventions to improve management strategies and outcome of HABSI in ICU patients

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Purpose In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes