Integrated Approach to the Assessment of the Quality of Immunostimulatory Beverage "Immuno Plus"

Based on the methods of theoretical qualimetry there was carried out the complex assessment of the quality of immunostimulatory beverage “Immuno plus”. The hierarchic structure of the properties of ready product, including the organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters and also the ones of food and biological value was presented. It was demonstrated, that the improvement of consistence, homogeneity and steadiness of beverage can be explained by gluten that acts as a hydrocolloid and consumers estimate the beverage quality according to these very parameters. The profiles of vitamin and mineral composition of immunostimulatory beverage “Immuno plus” and also the content of irreplaceable acids in it were presented.The received complex parameter of the “Immuno plus” beverage quality proves the high quality of new product. The calculated competitiveness of enriched beverage is 1,5 higher comparing with the control sample. The calculations of competitiveness of the beverage of increased food and biological value according to the modeling method that includes the parameters of the product quality, information about the analogues of elaborated goods and principle of innovations were presented. It was established, that the immunostimulatory beverage “Immuno plus” can be competitive on the Ukrainian consumer market at the expanse of improvement of organoleptic parameters, increase of food fibers, vitamins and mineral substances content in it and also of the presence of prophylactic properties

Effect of pen size, group size, and stocking density on activity in freestall-housed dairy cows

The purpose was to determine the effects of the physical dimensions of the pen and group size and stocking density on cow activity. Cows (randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 animals each) were tested in pens with 24 or 12 lying places and in groups with 12 or 6 cows. All groups were tested in each of the 4 treatments with treatment order allocated using a 4 × 4 Latin square. The distance moved and the number of movements were calculated using 5-min scan sampling of video recordings over a 48-h period. Time spent lying down, number of lying bouts, and the duration of each lying bout were recorded using activity sensors. Displacements at the feed bunk were assessed by continuous analysis of video for 3 h after the delivery of the fresh feed in the afternoon. Cows moved greater distances when kept in a large versus small pens (330.2 vs. 270.1 ± 11.6 m/d; mean ± SE), irrespective of group size. Cows moved more often when kept in the larger pen (21.3 vs. 19.2 ± 0.63% of scans). The time spent lying down decreased when density increased (59.1 vs. 55.8 ± 2.3% of scans at 25% and 100% stocking, respectively). Treatment had no effect on the number of displacements at the feed bunk. Physical dimensions of the pen play an important role in how much cows move, and stocking density affects lying time.The purpose was to determine the effects of the physical dimensions of the pen and group size and stocking density on cow activity. Cows (randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 animals each) were tested in pens with 24 or 12 lying places and in groups with 12 or 6 cows. All groups were tested in each of the 4 treatments with treatment order allocated using a 4 × 4 Latin square. The distance moved and the number of movements were calculated using 5-min scan sampling of video recordings over a 48-h period. Time spent lying down, number of lying bouts, and the duration of each lying bout were recorded using activity sensors. Displacements at the feed bunk were assessed by continuous analysis of video for 3 h after the delivery of the fresh feed in the afternoon. Cows moved greater distances when kept in a large versus small pens (330.2 vs. 270.1 ± 11.6 m/d; mean ± SE), irrespective of group size. Cows moved more often when kept in the larger pen (21.3 vs. 19.2 ± 0.63% of scans). The time spent lying down decreased when density increased (59.1 vs. 55.8 ± 2.3% of scans at 25% and 100% stocking, respectively). Treatment had no effect on the number of displacements at the feed bunk. Physical dimensions of the pen play an important role in how much cows move, and stocking density affects lying time

Assessment of foot health and animal welfare: clinical findings in 229 dairy Mediterranean Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) affected by foot disorders.

BACKGROUND Lameness represents the third most important health-related cause of economic loss in the dairy industry after fertility and mastitis. Although, dairy Mediterranean Buffaloes (MB) and dairy cows share similar breeding systems predisposing to similar herd problems, published studies exploring its relevance and role in these ruminants are still rare and incomplete. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical findings of foot disorders (FDs) in dairy MB and their influence on animal welfare, determined by assessment of locomotion score (LS), body condition score (BCS) and cleanliness score (CS). RESULTS Of 1297 multiparous MB submitted to routine trimming procedures, 229 buffaloes showed at least one FD. The prevalence of buffaloes affected by FDs was 17.7 %, while motility and lameness indexes were 84.1 % (1091/1297) and 15.9 % (206/1297), respectively. Overgrowth was present in 17.0 % (220/1297), corkscrew claw in 15.8 % (205/1297), interdigital phlegmon in 0.9 % (12/1297), white line abscess in 0.8 % (11/1297), digital dermatitis in 0.1 % (1/1297) and interdigital hyperplasia in 0.1 % (1/1297). Simultaneous presence of FDs was recorded in 17.0 % of MB (221/1297): overgrowth and corkscrew claw occurred together in 15.8 % of cases (205/1297), overgrowth and interdigital phlegmon in 0.3 % (4/1297), overgrowth and white line abscess in 0.8 % (11/1297), digital dermatitis and interdigital hyperplasia in 0.1 % (1/1297). The presence of FDs was always associated with lameness (LS > 2), except from 23 MB with simultaneous overgrowth and interdigital phlegmon occurrence. The majority of MB within the under-conditioned group (95.5 %, 43/45) and all those with CS > 2 (122/122) had a locomotion score above the threshold of normality (LS > 2). Furthermore, foot diseases such as interdigital hyperplasia, white line abscess and digital dermatitis or interdigital hyperplasia seemed to occur more frequently associated with decreased BCS and increased CS scores. CONCLUSIONS This study describes for the first time the involvement of white line disease, interdigital phlegmona, digital dermatitis and interdigital hyperplasia in foot disorders of dairy Mediterranean buffalo and shows their association with an impairment of animal welfare

Use of Extended Characteristics of Locomotion and Feeding Behavior for Automated Identification of Lame Dairy Cows.

This study was carried out to detect differences in locomotion and feeding behavior in lame (group L; n = 41; gait score ≥ 2.5) and non-lame (group C; n = 12; gait score ≤ 2) multiparous Holstein cows in a cross-sectional study design. A model for automatic lameness detection was created, using data from accelerometers attached to the hind limbs and noseband sensors attached to the head. Each cow's gait was videotaped and scored on a 5-point scale before and after a period of 3 consecutive days of behavioral data recording. The mean value of 3 independent experienced observers was taken as a definite gait score and considered to be the gold standard. For statistical analysis, data from the noseband sensor and one of two accelerometers per cow (randomly selected) of 2 out of 3 randomly selected days was used. For comparison between group L and group C, the T-test, the Aspin-Welch Test and the Wilcoxon Test were used. The sensitivity and specificity for lameness detection was determined with logistic regression and ROC-analysis. Group L compared to group C had significantly lower eating and ruminating time, fewer eating chews, ruminating chews and ruminating boluses, longer lying time and lying bout duration, lower standing time, fewer standing and walking bouts, fewer, slower and shorter strides and a lower walking speed. The model considering the number of standing bouts and walking speed was the best predictor of cows being lame with a sensitivity of 90.2% and specificity of 91.7%. Sensitivity and specificity of the lameness detection model were considered to be very high, even without the use of halter data. It was concluded that under the conditions of the study farm, accelerometer data were suitable for accurately distinguishing between lame and non-lame dairy cows, even in cases of slight lameness with a gait score of 2.5

Influence of the unfrozen magnetized water on juices

Influence of magnetic field on water has been described in the paper. The patented device constructed on the basis of a stator of three-phase asynchronous motor has been used for processing of water in the experiments.It has been found that the water, processed in the electromagnetic field contains less mineral salts, has bigger cell permeability, and is characterized by falling of reduction-oxidation potential, and also by decreasing of electromotive force of the system. Electro physical indices may be used for rapid estimation of sanitary effect of water which is processed in the rotating magnetic field, and it is used for dilution of fresh-squeezed juices. Such juices have more positive action on a human body in comparison with non-diluted ones.The electromotive force of the system, which correlated with the value of reduction-oxidation potential of the system, has been measured. The decreasing of electromotive force confirms the sanitary effect of pure magnetized water, as well as the mix of fresh-squeezed juices with magnetized water. One of the main disadvantages, which interferes with wide introduction of magnetized water into the institutions, which are not equipped with special equipment, is the gradual loss of the obtained by the water properties with time. The results of the investigation show that the water threatened by electro magnetic field after freezing, low-temperature storage, and defrosting, preserves the obtained properties for a long time. It has been shown in the paper, that application of defrosted magnetic water for germination of seeds accelerates the processes of growth. Diluting of juices, such as apple, carrot, beat, and ash berry ones, by magnetized water, reduce of electro physical indices.</p

Mathematical Design of Blangange Recipes for Horeca Sphere and Determination of Their Quality Indicators

The object of research is a composition of aerated dessert with a balanced nutritional composition for nutrition of people suffering from hypolactasia. The article describes the mathematical and computer design to obtain recipe compositions of desserts, namely blancmange «Fruit Breeze» and «Protein Breeze» with high content of vitamins and protein. When designing blancmange recipes, the main goal was to obtain the maximum value of the product with the following content of nutrients (per 100 g of finished product):– fat – not more than 11 %;– monocarbohydrates – not more than 65 % and not less than 50 %;– dry matter – not more than 85 % and not less than 96 %;– proteins – not less than 20 %.Optimization of blancmange formulations was performed using the Excel Solver of the MS Excel spreadsheet (WINDOWS 2010). The content of basic macronutrients in a portion of «Fruit Breeze» is 69.77 g/portion, in a portion of «Protein Breeze» – 78.55 g/portion. The developed products have a high content of protein, and they do not contain lactose, which is important in terms of meeting the needs of the human organism with hypolactasia.The change of sensory and microbiological parameters of the developed desserts during storage for 5 days at a temperature of (4±2) °С with a humidity of 70–85 % in glass and polypropylene containers was determined. The obtained data of the study of qualitative indicators showed that under certain storage conditions, the content of sanitary-indicatory microorganisms meets the sanitary requirements for sweet dishes. Sensory indicators during storage showed high values. Thus, the total sensory indicator after 5 days of storage for «Fruit Breeze» was 29.5 points, and «Protein Breeze» was 31.7 points out of 35 possible.Developed desserts can be recommended for use by people with hypolactasia, children, in the dietary nutrition

Mathematical Design of Blangange Recipes for Horeca Sphere and Determination of Their Quality Indicators

The object of research is a composition of aerated dessert with a balanced nutritional composition for nutrition of people suffering from hypolactasia. The article describes the mathematical and computer design to obtain recipe compositions of desserts, namely blancmange «Fruit Breeze» and «Protein Breeze» with high content of vitamins and protein. When designing blancmange recipes, the main goal was to obtain the maximum value of the product with the following content of nutrients (per 100 g of finished product):– fat – not more than 11 %;– monocarbohydrates – not more than 65 % and not less than 50 %;– dry matter – not more than 85 % and not less than 96 %;– proteins – not less than 20 %.Optimization of blancmange formulations was performed using the Excel Solver of the MS Excel spreadsheet (WINDOWS 2010). The content of basic macronutrients in a portion of «Fruit Breeze» is 69.77 g/portion, in a portion of «Protein Breeze» – 78.55 g/portion. The developed products have a high content of protein, and they do not contain lactose, which is important in terms of meeting the needs of the human organism with hypolactasia.The change of sensory and microbiological parameters of the developed desserts during storage for 5 days at a temperature of (4±2) °С with a humidity of 70–85 % in glass and polypropylene containers was determined. The obtained data of the study of qualitative indicators showed that under certain storage conditions, the content of sanitary-indicatory microorganisms meets the sanitary requirements for sweet dishes. Sensory indicators during storage showed high values. Thus, the total sensory indicator after 5 days of storage for «Fruit Breeze» was 29.5 points, and «Protein Breeze» was 31.7 points out of 35 possible.Developed desserts can be recommended for use by people with hypolactasia, children, in the dietary nutrition

Kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows

The aim of this study is to describe the kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows using body mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) at multiple anatomical locations. The temporal parameters used are speed and non-speed normalized stance duration, bipedal and tripedal support durations, maximal protraction and retraction angles of the distal limbs and vertical displacement curves of the upper body. Gait analysis was performed by letting 17 dairy cows walk in a straight line at their own chosen pace while equipped with IMU sensors on tubera sacrale, left and right tuber coxae (LTC and RTC), back, withers, head, neck and all four lower limbs. Data intervals with stride by stride regularity were selected based on video data. For temporal parameters, the median was calculated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on linear mixed model (LMM) analysis, while for limb and vertical displacement curves, the median and most typical curves were calculated. The temporal parameters and distal limb angles showed consistent results with low variance and LMM analysis showed non-overlapping CI for all temporal parameters. The distal limb angle curves showed a larger and steeper retraction angle range for the distal front limbs compared with the hind limbs. The vertical displacement curves of the sacrum, withers, LTC and RTC showed a consistent sinusoidal pattern while the head, back and collar curves were less consistent and showed more variation between and within cows. This kinematic description might allow to objectively differentiate between normal and lame gait in the future and determine the best anatomical location for sensor attachment for lameness detection purposes