Tools for BIM-GIS integration (IFC georeferencing and conversions): Results from the GeoBIM benchmark 2019

The integration of 3D city models with Building Information Models (BIM), coined as GeoBIM, facilitates improved data support to several applications, e.g., 3D map updates, building permits issuing, detailed city analysis, infrastructure design, context-based building design, to name a few. To solve the integration, several issues need to be tackled and solved, i.e., harmonization of features, interoperability, format conversions, integration of procedures. The GeoBIM benchmark 2019, funded by ISPRS and EuroSDR, evaluated the state of implementation of tools addressing some of those issues. In particular, in the part of the benchmark described in this paper, the application of georeferencing to Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) models and making consistent conversions between 3D city models and BIM are investigated, considering the OGC CityGML and buildingSMART IFC as reference standards. In the benchmark, sample datasets in the two reference standards were provided. External volunteers were asked to describe and test georeferencing procedures for IFC models and conversion tools between CityGML and IFC. From the analysis of the delivered answers and processed datasets, it was possible to notice that while there are tools and procedures available to support georeferencing and data conversion, comprehensive definition of the requirements, clear rules to perform such two tasks, as well as solid technological solutions implementing them, are still lacking in functionalities. Those specific issues can be a sensible starting point for planning the next GeoBIM integration agendas

R-Allyl Nickel(II) Complexes with Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalytic Activity

The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) nickel complexes [(L)Ni(NHC)][BArF4] (ArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl; L = allyl (1), methylallyl (2); NHC = 1-(2-picolyl)-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (a), 1-(2-picolyl)-3-isopropylimidazol-2-ylidene (b), 1-(2-picolyl)-3-n-butylimidazol-2-ylidene (c), 1-(2-picolyl)-3-phenylimidazol-2-ylidene (d), 1-(2-picolyl)-3- methylbenzoimidazol-2-ylidene (e), 1-(2-picolyl)-4,5-dichloro-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (f)) have been obtained in high yields and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, 1d was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1a−f/2a−f have shown catalytic activity toward dimerization and hydrosilylation of styrenes. In particular, 1a proved to be the most efficient catalyst in the dimerization of styrene derivatives in the absence of cocatalyst. Also, complexes 1a,d showed high selectivity and moderate to good yields in hydrosilylation reactions

Diagnostic accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An international case-cohort study

We conducted an international study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis among a large group of physicians and compared their diagnostic performance to a panel of IPF experts. A total of 1141 respiratory physicians and 34 IPF experts participated. Participants evaluated 60 cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD) without interdisciplinary consultation. Diagnostic agreement was measured using the weighted kappa coefficient (\u3baw). Prognostic discrimination between IPF and other ILDs was used to validate diagnostic accuracy for first-choice diagnoses of IPF and were compared using the Cindex. A total of 404 physicians completed the study. Agreement for IPF diagnosis was higher among expert physicians (\u3baw=0.65, IQR 0.53-0.72, p20 years of experience (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.0-0.73, p=0.229) and non-university hospital physicians with more than 20 years of experience, attending weekly MDT meetings (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.70-0.72, p=0.052), did not differ significantly (p=0.229 and p=0.052 respectively) from the expert panel (C-index=0.74 IQR 0.72-0.75). Experienced respiratory physicians at university-based institutions diagnose IPF with similar prognostic accuracy to IPF experts. Regular MDT meeting attendance improves the prognostic accuracy of experienced non-university practitioners to levels achieved by IPF experts

IMPLEMENTING TWO-COLOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY

Author Institution: Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a powerful tool for revealing electronic coupling and solvation dynamics in condensed phase systems. One of the key problems in implementing 2DES at optical frequencies is maintaining adequate phase stability between the requisite pulse pairs. We present two-color 2DES data obtained with pulse-shaping and diffractive-optics-based approaches and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods

Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of the D1-D2-cyt b559 Photosystem II Reaction Center Complex

We present two-dimensional electronic spectra of isolated D1-D2-cyt b559 reaction centers (PSII RC) at 77 K. We decompose the data into two-dimensional decay-associated spectra (2D DAS) to reveal the excitation- and detection-dependent spectral signatures associated with energy and charge transfer within the PSII RC. We interpret the 2D DAS in the context of an exciton model and proposed pathways for charge separation. The 2D DAS reveal a high degree of variation in the kinetics as a function of excitation wavelength. We observe rapid ∼50−150 fs energy equilibration throughout the PSII RC and a heterogeneous distribution of time scales associated with charge transfer, ranging from ∼1−3 ps. We observe 6−8 ps energy transfer from states absorbing near 670 nm, as well as ∼40−60 ps processes consistent with secondary charge transfer from a radical pair intermediate or charge transfer from a trap state

Molecular Epidemiology of Scedosporium apiospermum Infection Determined by PCR Amplification of Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Sequences in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease

Respiratory tract colonization with Scedosporium apiospermum in patients with chronic suppurative lung disease is a significant concern for lung transplantation candidates, since Scedosporium infections occurring posttransplantation are usually untreatable. Up to 10% of patients with cystic fibrosis attending our respiratory medicine unit have had Scedosporium organisms isolated from sputum samples. We therefore developed a molecular typing method to examine these isolates. Typing by PCR amplification of ribosomal intergenic spacer sequences demonstrated 20 different types from 52 isolates collected from the respiratory medicine unit and elsewhere in Australia. A single common type was isolated from 11 respiratory medicine unit inpatients. Two other types were isolated from more than one source: one from two respiratory medicine unit inpatients and one from two epidemiologically linked nonhuman sources. Multiple isolates were obtained from nine patients. This method demonstrated persistent carriage of isolates of the same type in one patient for 7 months. Two patients showed carriage of isolates with multiple typing patterns within a 3-month period. The high rate of isolation and the predominance of isolates with a single typing pattern from respiratory medicine unit patients may suggest transmission to patients from a source in the unit. There was no epidemiological evidence of direct patient-to-patient spread, and Scedosporium organisms were not isolated from dust, soil, or air samples from the unit. The source and route of transmission have yet to be determined