The Personal Electronic Data Security on the Implementation of Solo Smart City According to the Perspective of Privacy Protection Law

This article investigates how is the security of personal electronic data in the Smart City Program in Solo City? Several major cities in Indonesia, including Solo, have organized Smart City program. The government believes that Smart City program with the use of internet technology is able to solve problems in each city, such as traffic congestion, retribution, the security of citizens, until garbage problem. In serving the society, Solo Smart City program will use and process Big Data, collected from the citizen data in the city concerned. Although Solo Smart City program with big data technology achieved its own successful in solving city problems, but on the other hand there is a consequence about how the protection of the collected personal electronic data is. The weak personal electronic data security will be potentially hit by cyber-attack, so that the personal data of citizens can be accessed and abused by irresponsible parties. This research method used normative legal research with approach of legislation and conceptual approach. The general conclusion is that the country needs to establish regulations at the level national scale law and or a Regional Regulation which specifically regulating how to prevent the abuse of personal electronic data in Solo City. Since for all this time, the weak security of personal electronic data can be disadvantageous for the society in terms of social and economy. Moreover, the sanction is still administrative and only regulated by the Ministerial Regulation. Keywords: smart city, security, electronic dat

The Effect Of Technological Disruption On The ASEAN Economic Community: An Regulatory Analysis Of Legal Education In Indonesia

The implementation of the provisions of the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) and the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in analyzing legal issues are essential points that must be considered by legal education in Indonesia. Soekarno thought that education is the main priority to be implemented because it is a determining factor for the development of humanity. There is no way to fix the downturn of the people other than to form an education rooted in humanity's values, principles, and goals. This article discusses the relevance of Soekarno's thoughts regarding the importance of education in facing the rapid development of society and how educators and the legal profession should respond to these developments. AI can not just have the idea to create the latest technological sophistication alone. However, it is necessary to consider its usefulness in the future regarding the concept of ​​​​the AI ​​system. Concerns arise when people may believe whether AI will reflect human values

Analysis of Consumer Personal Data Protection for Data Integration: the Gojek-Tokopedia Case

This research aims to analyze the regulation of personal data protection and legal protection of consumer personal data from two tech giants, Gojek and Tokopedia, which officialy announced the acquisition on May 17, 2021. PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia combines e-commerce, on demand, financial services and financial services. This research is a normative or doctrinal research with statue approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. In Indonesia, there is no rigid law governing personal data protection because the regulation of personal data protection in Indonesia is currently still sectoral. In the terms of GoTo Group service users, consumer personal data settings are regulated in the privacy policies of Gojek and Tokopedia. Data integration after the acquisition of PT. Tokopedia by PT. APlikasi Karya Anak Bangsa raises new if there is a data leak and or use of consumer data without the consent of the data owne

The Public Policy Strategy on The Management of The Indonesia Public Road Transportation in Achieving a Gender Equity

This research aimed to examine three issues related to public policy dealing the road public transportation. First, how do international law guarantee gender equity on the public road transportation?, Second, How do Indonesia’s law No. 22 of 2009 on the public transportation guarantees the gender equity?, Third,  how the implementation of the guarantee of gender equity on the public road  transportation in some areas of ​​Central Java, Indonesia, (namely Solo, Karanganyar, Klaten) and Jakarta? This study is a Legal Research research using secondary data obtained from the various legislations, books, journals, scripts on the internet, and a legal dictionary. The approach used is the approach of legislation and conceptual approach in order  to understand the concept of gender equality. From the analysis, the reseacher conclude that: first, Even though there is no clearly and especially the international instrument ensuring the gender equality on the public transportation.  The international instrument of human rights (soft law or hard law) has guaranteed the gender equality. It can be found from The United Nations Charter 1945, Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, ICCPR, CEDAW 1079,and DEVAW 1993. Second, The Indonesia’s Law No. 22 of 2009 has not still secured the equity of gender, and the authors conclude that the definition of “kelaikan jalan (road worthiness)” on those regulation need to be improved, therefore it is not only defined as the techniq and operational terms but also standard of the security and comfort of the passengers. The authors  conclude that the almost public transport companies of  Central Java District (Solo, Karanganyar, Klaten) and Jakarta  still do not guarantee gender equity due to the formation of the bus company employees (drivers and conductors)still do not have gender equity awareness well. The separated seat policy between men and women when carried out in the long term it will further create conditions that women are the weak women. Keywords: Gender, , equity, public transportatio

The Establishing Paradigm of Dominus Litis Principle in Indonesian Administrative Justice

This study aimed to analyse a shifting paradigm of Dominus Litis (judge activeness) in the Indonesian state administrative justice. This principle emphasises that judges expand the paradigm that judges are not limited to being used in processes regulated in law. However, judges need to actively develop the paradigm to make legal discoveries oriented towards substantive justice and expand the paradigm from merely resolving disputes positivistically to resolving conflicts with paradigms. Legal realism and sociological jurisprudence to create substantive justice. This paper uses the normative research method, with a statutory approach and case approach by analysing two decisions of state administrative court judges. The result showed that Dominus Litis in the dispute's accomplishment is not limited to the implementation of juridical-legal positivism factors, but on how judges use their mindset to provide ideal decisions and conduct legal reasoning use socio-legal and socio-cultural paradigms. The development of demands for justice has also experienced a paradigm shift of justice. It requires the principle of an active judge who always follows developments in public policy, such as the principle of sustainable development related to environmental and natural resource issues, and finding the legal material truth

The Mock Application of the Insolvency Law by the Jordanian Courts: Lessons Learnt from Indonesia

Jordan is currently going through difficult economic conditions whose features have begun to crystallize clearly since the outbreak of crises and wars in Syria and Iraq. In addition to that, the year 2020 brought with it the unknown to further complicate the Jordanian economic situation. In order to find a comprehensive solution, the Jordanian legislator used some international references, such as the principles of effective systems of creditors’ rights and insolvency issued by the World Bank and the Legislative Guide to the Insolvency Law issued by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) to rescue faltering economic projects or those that are about to stumble. The study resulted in the issuance of the Jordanian Insolvency Law No. 21 of 2018. This paper aims to identify the insolvency standard of the Jordanian courts and its impact on Jordan's economy. By applying a qualitative legal approach, this paper analyses the mock application of the Insolvency Law by the Jordanian courts. It also examines the insolvency standard followed by the Jordanian courts via juridical-normative with descriptive analysis. The finding shows that applying the insolvency law in Jordan is still a theory. Jordanian courts should cautiously extend the scope of insolvency theory for the law to achieve the purpose for which it was issued. Comparing the practice in Indonesia, which has switched from the insolvency test concept to the presumption of bankruptcy, this is a lesson because, in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies will find it challenging to request reports due to uncertain situations. According to the financial aspect, large companies are still good, but companies are reluctant to pay debts. This condition means that if the system used is a bankruptcy test, this case cannot be brought to the Commercial Court, so the court cannot force debtors who are reluctant to pay their debt obligations

Assessing the Merger of Online Platform Companies: Does it Lead to Monopoly or just Business Expansion? (Analysis of The Merged Company of GoTo)

Two large digital platform companies, Gojek and Tokopedia, officially merged to form a holding company called the GoTo Group that is considered to have anti-competitive behavior and potentially data monopoly. This article aimed to analyze the adequate response to potential violations of the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Regulation and legal issues related to consumer data monopoly issues. This article uses normative legal research with the conceptual research and statute approach. The result shows that it is necessary to define “relevant markets” and the “substituted products” to determine the existence of unfair business competition in the Gojek-Tokopedia merger. It requires analyzing the consumer behavior in other marketplaces other than Tokopedia; when consumers do not "run" to Gojek, it means they are not in the same market. To prevent privacy protection failures in post-merger data integration, companies need to assess data sharing that may be carried out as part of a risk assessment. Regarding the rights of data subjects, The company needs to provide notification to the data subject regarding the Merger and Acquisition (M & A) given the data subject's right to refuse and guarantee that the M & A process will not violate the right to privacy of the customer's dataKeywords: Competition Law; Digital Platform; Merger Menilai Penggabungan Perusahaan Platform Online: Apakah Mengakibatkan Monopoli atau Hanya Ekspansi Bisnis? (Analisis Penggabungan GoTo)AbstrakDua perusahaan platform digital besar, Gojek dan Tokopedia, resmi bergabung membentuk holding company bernama GoTo Group yang dinilai memiliki perilaku anti persaingan dan berpotensi monopoli data. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon yang memadai terhadap potensi pelanggaran Peraturan Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat serta masalah hukum terkait masalah monopoli data konsumen. Artikel ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian konseptual dan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya mendefinisikan “pasar relevan” dan “produk substitusi” untuk mengetahui adanya persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam merger Gojek-Tokopedia. Hal ini membutuhkan analisis perilaku konsumen di pasar lain selain Tokopedia; ketika konsumen tidak “lari” ke Gojek, berarti mereka tidak berada di pasar yang sama. Untuk mencegah kegagalan perlindungan privasi dalam integrasi data pasca-merger, perusahaan perlu menilai pembagian data yang mungkin dilakukan sebagai bagian dari penilaian risiko. Mengenai hak subjek data, Perusahaan perlu memberikan pemberitahuan kepada subjek data mengenai Merger dan Akuisisi (M&A) mengingat hak subjek data untuk menolak dan menjamin bahwa proses M&A tidak akan melanggar hak privasi data pelangganKata Kunci: Hukum Persaingan Usaha; Platform Digital; PenggabunganОценка слияний компаний онлайн-платформ: приведет ли это к монополии или просто к расширению бизнеса? (Анализ слияний GoTo (Gojek и Tokopedia)  АннотацияДве крупные компании, занимающиеся цифровыми платформами, Gojek и Tokopedia, официально объединили свои усилия, чтобы сформировать холдинговую компанию GoTo Group, которая, как считается, ведет антиконкурентную политику и может монополизировать данные. Данная статья направлена на анализ адекватного реагирования на возможные нарушения Положения о запрещении монополистической практики и недобросовестной конкуренции, а также на правовые вопросы, связанные с проблемой монополии на данные потребителей. В данной статье используется нормативно-правовое исследование с концептуальным и правовым исследовательским подходом. Результаты исследования указывают на необходимость определить «соответствующие рынки» и «продукты-заменители», чтобы определить наличие недобросовестной деловой конкуренции в слиянии Gojek-Tokopedia. Это требует анализа поведения потребителей на рынках, отличных от Tokopedia; когда потребители не «бегут» в Gojek, это означает, что они не находятся на одинаковом рынке. Чтобы предотвратить сбои в защите конфиденциальности при интеграции данных после слияния, компаниям необходимо оценить возможное совместное использование данных в рамках оценки рисков. Что касается прав субъекта данных, Компания должна уведомить субъект данных о слиянии и поглощении (M&A), учитывая право субъекта данных отказаться и гарантировать, что процесс M&A не нарушит права на конфиденциальность данных клиента.Ключевые слова: Закон о деловой конкуренции; цифровые платформы; слияни

THE SMALL CLAIM COURTS DURING COVID-19: ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN BANKS’ CLAIMS ON BAD CREDIT

The purpose of this study is to discuss the suitability of small claim courts to solve bad credit claims that are filed by banks as an alternative to dispute contract defaults. The study analyses the trend of banks’ small claims during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed an empirical normative approach. It combines a normative legal approach and additional empirical elements in the form of cases and decisions. The results show that some of the regulations that were released before the pandemic, such as the Regulation of the Supreme Court Number 4 of 2019 on the Settlement of Small Claim Courts, provide benefits for banks to settle credit disputes because they allow various expansions. The Regulation of the Supreme Court Number 3 of 2018 on The Administration of Cases in Electronic Courts has introduced some electronic applications. Although business (bank) litigation remains dominant, the trend of bank claims in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic has dropped. In contrast, the trend of individual claims has increased significantly. The decline is influenced by countercyclical policies that are issued by the Financial System Stability Committee. The committee members consist of representatives of the Ministry of Finance, Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority, and the Deposit Insurance Corporation. It aims to handle and cope with the banks’ crisis related to the pandemic

The Urgency of Presidential Policy to Revitalize and Maintain the Existence of Cooperatives Based on Pancasila

The article aims to examines how the role of the President of the Republic of Indonesia as the head of state as well as the head of government through its policies and legal products. It is because the President has a role in creating a conducive atmosphere in the economic sector especially in revitalizing and maintaining the existence of a Cooperative as Indonesia's economic pillar based on Pancasila to face the wave of the liberal economy in the era of globalization. This situation occurs, perhaps, due to the lack of confidence and understanding of the Pancasila as a social philosophy. This problem can be observed by several phenomena occurring in the community such as the malignant and violent settlement of problems resolution in a social, political, cultural, legal, and religious system. This study applies normative methods with a statute approach. As a result, it can be concluded that a legal product comes from the 1945 Constitution to the Presidential legal products, namely government regulation and presidential instruction will have an implication to the objective and the result whether it is good or bad

The Judicial Control over the Constitutionality of Laws in the State of Palestine

This article aimed to explore the judicial control over the constitutionality of laws in the State of Palestine. The article problem was represented in the authority involved with judicial control over the constitutionality of laws in Palestine, and what is the legal effect of ruling on the unconstitutionality of specific legislation? The judicial control is meant the constitutional judiciary undertakes to examine the constitutionality of laws and regulations issued by the Legislative Council or the President of State, to determine whether they are in conformity with the constitution or are in violation of it. This article uses normative legal research with using legislation approach and doctrinal approach. The importance of this article is that it has been discussed the legal framework governing judicial control of the constitutionality of laws in Palestine, and sheds light on the concept of judicial control, its mechanisms, nature, and effects to ensure the protection and consolidation of constitutional texts..In order to achieve the objective of this study, the socio-legal research using the qualitative approach was engaged to describe and analyse the opinions of jurists, legal texts, and rulings of constitutional courts in Palestine. Among the most important results that the author reached is that the state of law cannot be established without adopting the principle of judicial control over the constitutionality of laws to protect the legal texts that exist within the constitution, which is the supreme law within the legislative hierarch