ST 2. Trinta e cinco anos de “Trabalho, Lar e Botequim”: justiça, moralidades e relações de trabalho

Esta proposta de simpósio pretende reunir historiadores que pesquisam sobre conflitos do cotidiano envolvendo trabalhadores e trabalhadoras (trabalho livre ou compulsório, no meio rural ou urbano) entre os séculos XIX e XX. O objetivo principal é abrir uma janela que nos permita problematizar o disciplinamento, a vigilância e a repressão contínua exercidas pelas autoridades (patronais, políticas, eclesiásticas, policiais e judiciárias) sobre os trabalhadores e trabalhadoras. Serão acolhidos trabalhos que, exemplificativamente, recomponham trajetórias, reflitam sobre padrões de valores morais e comportamentais, investiguem mecanismos de criminalização criados e recriados na interação entre os indivíduos e o Estado, analisem processos de constituição de mecanismos de controle e disciplinarização de determinados grupos étnico-raciais sociais, etc. A produção de estudos recentes a respeito das experiências dos trabalhadores livres, libertos e escravos, sob a perspectiva do historiador Sidney Chalhoub, tem permitido a reflexão sobre temas como o trabalho, a noção de justiça, o exercício da liberdade e da cidadania, o sentido e usos do Direito, etc., todos ainda fundamentais, em particular em um momento de profundas transformações sociais e de emergência de discursos autoritários. Nesse sentido, esse Simpósio Temático contribuirá para a continuidade desses estudos, de forma interdisciplinar, entre os campos da História, do Direito e das Ciências Sociais. Coordenadores:Anderson Romário Pereira Corrêa (Doutorando em História PPGH/UFRGS)Camila Melo Silveira da Silva (Doutoranda em História PPGH/UFRGS)Érico Teixeira de Loyola (Doutorando em História PPGH/UFRGS

Avaliação de desempenho do controle da tuberculose em municípios brasileiros

OBJETIVO Avaliar o desempenho no controle da tuberculose dos municípios brasileiros. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico com municípios brasileiros que notificaram pelo menos quatro casos novos de tuberculose, com no mínimo um caso novo de tuberculose pulmonar entre 2015 e 2018. Os municípios foram estratificados de acordo com a população em < 50 mil, 50–100 mil, 100–300 mil e > 300 mil habitantes e foi utilizado o método k-médias para agrupá-los dentro de cada faixa populacional segundo desempenho de seis indicadores da doença. RESULTADOS Foram incluídos 2.845 municípios brasileiros abrangendo 98,5% (208.007/211.174) dos casos novos de tuberculose do período. Para cada faixa populacional identificou-se três grupos (A, B e C) de municípios segundo desempenho dos indicadores: A os mais satisfatórios, B os intermediários e C os menos satisfatórios. Municípios do grupo A com < 100 mil habitantes apresentaram resultados acima das metas para confirmação laboratorial (≥ 72%), abandono (≤ 5%) e cura (≥ 90%), e abrangeram 2% dos casos novos da doença. Por outro lado, os municípios dos grupos B e C apresentaram pelo menos cinco indicadores com resultados abaixo das metas – testagem HIV (< 100%), exame de contatos (< 90%), tratamento diretamente observado (< 90%), abandono (> 5%) e cura (< 90%) –, e corresponderam a 66,7% dos casos novos de tuberculose. Já no grupo C dos municípios com > 300 mil habitantes, que incluiu 19 das 27 capitais e 43,1% dos casos novos de tuberculose, encontrou-se os menores percentuais de exames de contatos (média = 56,4%) e tratamento diretamente observado (média = 15,4%), elevado abandono (média = 13,9%) e baixa cobertura da atenção básica (média = 66,0%). CONCLUSÕES Grande parte dos casos novos de tuberculose ocorreu em municípios com desempenho insatisfatório para o controle da doença, onde expandir a cobertura da atenção básica pode reduzir o abandono e elevar o exame de contatos e tratamento diretamente observado.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of tuberculosis control in Brazilian municipalities. METHODS This is an ecological study on Brazilian municipalities that notified at least four new cases of tuberculosis, with a minimum of one new case of pulmonary tuberculosis between 2015 and 2018. The municipalities were stratified according to the population in < 50 thousand, 50–100 thousand, 100–300 thousand, and > 300 thousand inhabitants, and the k-means method was used to group them within each population range according to the performance of six indicators of the disease. RESULTS A total of 2,845 Brazilian municipalities were included, comprising 98.5% (208,007/211,174) of new tuberculosis cases in the period. For each population range, three groups (A, B, and C) of municipalities were identified according to the performance of the indicators: A, the most satisfactory; B, the intermediates; and C, the least satisfactory. Municipalities in group A with < 100 thousand inhabitants presented results above the targets for laboratory confirmation (≥ 72%), abandonment (≤ 5%), and cure (≥ 90%), and comprised 2% of new cases of the disease. Conversely, municipalities of groups B and C presented at least five indicators with results below the targets – HIV testing (< 100%), contact investigation (< 90%), directly observed therapy (< 90%), abandonment (> 5%), and cure (< 90%) –, and corresponded to 66.7% of new cases of tuberculosis. In group C of municipalities with > 300 thousand inhabitants, which included 19 of the 27 capitals and 43.1% of new cases of tuberculosis, the lowest percentages of contact investigation (mean = 56.4%) and directly observed therapy (mean = 15.4%) were verified, in addition to high abandonment (mean = 13.9%) and low coverage of primary health care (mean = 66.0%). CONCLUSIONS Most new cases of tuberculosis occurred in municipalities with unsatisfactory performance for disease control. Expanding the coverage of primary health care in these places can reduce abandonment and increase the contact investigation and directly observed therapy

Fatores associados à variação espacial da gravidez na adolescência no Brasil, 2014: estudo ecológico de agregados espaciais

Objective. To identify socioeconomic and health care determinants of the spatial variation of teenage pregnancy in Brazil in 2014. Methods. Spatial ecological study with municipalities as units of analysis. Spatial linear regression was used to verify the association between fertility in adolescence (15-19 years) and socioeconomic and health variables. Results. Fertility rate in adolescence was negatively associated with greater coverage of the Family Health Strategy (β = -0.011 – 95%CI -0.017;-0.005), an adequate number of prenatal consultations (β = -0.122 – 95%CI -0.132;-0.224) and low per capita average family income (β = -0.104 – 95%CI -0.105;-0.103). This association was positive in relation to the Gini index (β = 7.031 – 95%CI 95%CI 4.793;9.269), low income (β = 0.127 – 95%CI 0.108;0.145), household crowding (β = 6.292 – 95%CI 5.062;7.522) and less education (β = 0.260 – 95%CI 0.224;0.295). Conclusion. Lack of access to primary care and lower income are associated with higher fertility in adolescence. Worse socioeconomic and health care indicators are associated with higher fertility rate in adolescence.Objetivo. Identificar determinantes socioeconômicos e de atenção à saúde na variação espacial da gravidez na adolescência, Brasil, 2014. Métodos. Estudo ecológico espacial com municípios como unidades de análise. Utilizou-se regressão linear espacial para verificar associações entre taxa de fecundidade aos 15-19 anos e variáveis socioeconômicas e de saúde. Resultados. A fecundidade na adolescência associou-se negativamente a maior cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (β = -0,011 – IC95% -0,017;-0,005), número adequado de consultas de pré-natal (β = -0,122 – IC95% -0,224;-0,132) e menor renda familiar média per capita (β = -0,104 – IC95% -0,105;-0,103); e positivamente, ao índice de Gini (β = 7,031 – IC95% 4,793;9,269), baixa renda (β = 0,127 – IC95% 0,108;0,145), maior densidade domiciliar (β = 6,292 – IC95% 5,062;7,522) e baixa escolaridade (β = 0,260 – IC95% 0,224;0,295). Conclusão. Menor acesso a atenção básica e renda associam-se a maior taxa de fecundidade na adolescência. Piores indicadores socioeconômicos e de atenção à saúde associam-se a maior taxa de fecundidade na adolescência

Evaluation of the effectiveness of brazilian community restaurants for the dimension of low-income people access to food

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community restaurants (CRs), managed by the Government of the State of Bahia/Brazil, for the dimension of access to food. The study used secondary data obtained from the public opinion survey Profile of users of community restaurants in Salvador. The nutritional information was accessed through the analysis of CRs’ menus. Adequate effectiveness of access to food was considered when the CR served meals to 50% to 70% of the users considered the target audience (individuals served by the two CRs located in the city of Salvador/Bahia/Brazil). The participants (n = 1464; 778 as low-income individuals) were adult CR users from Salvador/Brazil. Most of the respondents were male, 40 to 54 years old, not white, had up to 9 years of formal education, without a partner, and living in the municipality of Salvador. The evaluated CRs are effective in serving 53.1% of the target population in their total service capacity. Meal provision only reached an estimated 0.7% of the socially vulnerable community in the district. The average energy value of the meal served by the CR units was 853.05 kcal/meal, with a mean energy density composition classified as average (1.15 kcal/g). The effectiveness of the evaluated community restaurants showed that these instruments were minimally effective in promoting access to food for the low-income population within their total daily service capacity, and the current quantity of these facilities was insufficient. However, these instruments stand out in the fundamental role of promoting the daily distribution of meals to the Brazilian population with the highest social vulnerability levels

Epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of new leprosy cases in Brazil: 2006 to 2017.

Our study aims to describe trends in new case detection rate (NCDR) of leprosy in Brazil from 2006 to 2017 overall and in subgroups, and to analyze the evolution of clinical and treatment characteristics of patients, with emphasis on cases diagnosed with grade 2 physical disabilities. We conducted a descriptive study to analyze new cases of leprosy registered in the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN), from 2006-2017. We calculated the leprosy NCDR per 100,000 inhabitants (overall and for individuals aged < 15 and ≥ 15 years) by sex, age, race/ethnicity, urban/rural areas, and Brazilian regions, and estimated the trends using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. We analyzed the distributions of cases according to relevant clinical characteristics over time. In Brazil, there was a sharp decrease in the overall NCDR from 23.4/100,000 in 2006 to 10.3/100,000 in 2017; among children < 15 years, from 6.94 to 3.20/100,000. The decline was consistent in all Brazilian regions and race/ethnicity categories. By 2017, 70.2% of the cases were multibacillary, 30.5% had grade 1 (G1D) or 2 (G2D) physical disabilities at diagnosis and 42.8% were not evaluated at treatment completion/discharge; cases with G2D at diagnosis were mostly detected in urban areas (80%) and 5% of cases died during the treatment (leprosy or other causes). Although the frequency of leprosy NCDR decreased in Brazil from 2006 to 2017 across all evaluated population groups, the large number of cases with multibacillary leprosy, physical disabilities or without adequate evaluation, and among children suggest the need to reinforce timely diagnosis and treatment to control leprosy in Brazil

COVID-19, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition: A Multiple Burden for Brazil.

No abstract available

Physical disabilities caused by leprosy in 100 million cohort in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Leprosy continues to be an important cause of physical disability in endemic countries such as Brazil. Knowledge of determinants of these events may lead to better control measures and targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on affected individuals. This study investigated such factors among the most vulnerable portion of the Brazilian population. METHODS: A large cohort was built from secondary data originated from a national registry of applicants to social benefit programs, covering the period 2001-2015, including over 114 million individuals. Data were linked to the leprosy notification system utilizing data from 2007 until 2014. Descriptive and bivariate analyses lead to a multivariate analysis using a multinomial logistic regression model with cluster-robust standard errors. Associations were reported as Odds Ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Among the original cohort members 21,565 new leprosy cases were identified between 2007 and 2014. Most of the cases (63.1%) had grade zero disability. Grades 1 and 2 represented 21 and 6%, respectively. Factors associated with increasing odds of grades 1 and 2 disability were age over 15 years old (ORs 2.39 and 1.95, respectively), less schooling (with a clear dose response effect) and being a multibacillary patient (ORs 3.5 and 8.22). Protective factors for both grades were being female (ORs 0.81 and 0.61) and living in a high incidence municipality (ORs 0.85 and 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the developing of physical disabilities remains a public health problem which increases the burden of leprosy, mainly for those with severe clinical features and worse socioeconomic conditions. Early diagnosis is paramount to decrease the incidence of leprosy-related disability and our study points to the need for strengthening control actions in non-endemic areas in Brazil, where cases may be missed when presented at early stages in disease. Both actions are needed, to benefit patients and to achieve the WHO goal in reducing physical disabilities among new cases of leprosy

BRINCANDO E REAPRENDENDO TODO DIA

Through all the evidence surrounding education, the new needs of contemporary technological times require the ability to reinvent, adapt, accommodate, assimilate and balance and have never been more necessary in the face of modernizing teaching methodologies, focusing on the majority purpose of learning with ludicity. Aiming to develop essays that show a successful, creative, significant, active, playful experience in teacher training in a practical way. The methodology of this study aims to demonstrate an experience carried out in the pedagogical week that occurred at the municipal school Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. The results of these dialogical actions are reflected in the satisfaction of those involved in leaving traditional passivity and reflecting on methodological action in the dialectics of teaching and learning. Thinking paths, methods that can be tested to improve creative classes, practices, active conditions produce knowledge from interactionist poetry, music, folklore, games, prior knowledge and reality. With a single objective of promoting learning with mediating techniques, the teacher being an innovator, a provocateur, a researcher, a daring experimentalist, seeking its apex in acquiring a pedagogy that transforms from simple to complex, ludically.A través de toda la evidencia que rodea a la educación, las nuevas necesidades de los tiempos tecnológicos contemporáneos requieren la capacidad de reinventarse, adaptarse, acomodarse, asimilarse y equilibrarse y nunca han sido más necesarias frente a la modernización de las metodologías de enseñanza, centrándose en el propósito mayoritario de aprender con ludicidad. Con el objetivo de desarrollar ensayos que muestren una experiencia exitosa, creativa, significativa, activa y lúdica en la formación del profesorado de una manera práctica. La metodología de este estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar una experiencia realizada en la semana pedagógica que tuvo lugar en la escuela municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Los resultados de estas acciones dialógicas se reflejan en la satisfacción de quienes participan en dejar la pasividad tradicional y reflexionar sobre la acción metodológica en la dialéctica de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Los caminos de pensamiento, los métodos que se pueden probar para mejorar las clases creativas, las prácticas, las condiciones activas producen conocimiento a partir de la poesía interaccionista, la música, el folclore, los juegos, el conocimiento previo y la realidad. Con un único objetivo de promover el aprendizaje con técnicas mediadoras, siendo el docente un innovador, un provocador, un investigador, un experimentador atrevido, buscando su ápice en la adquisición de una pedagogía que transforme de lo simple a lo complejo, lúdicamente.Mediante todas as evidências que cercam a educação, as novas necessidades dos tempos tecnológicos contemporâneos exigem capacidade de se reinventar, adaptar, acomodar, assimilar e equilibrar e nunca foram tão necessárias frente a modernizar as metodologias de ensino, focando no propósito majoritário de aprender com ludicidade. Objetivando desenvolver ensaios que mostram uma experiência exitosa, criativa, significativa, ativa, lúdica na formação de professores de maneira prática. A metodologia deste estudo visa demonstrar uma experiência realizada na semana pedagógica ocorrida na escola municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Os resultados destas ações dialógicas se refletem na satisfação dos envolvidos em sair da passividade tradicional e refletir sobre a ação metodológica na dialética de ensino e aprendizagem. Pensando caminhos, métodos que possam ser testados para melhorar as aulas criativas, práticas, as condições ativas produzirem conhecimentos a partir de poesias interacionistas, músicas, folclore, brincadeiras, conhecimento prévio e realidade. Com um único objetivo de promover o aprendizado com técnicas mediadoras, sendo o professor um inovador, um provocador, um pesquisador, um ousado experimentalista, buscando seu ápice em adquirir uma pedagogia que transforme do simples ao complexo, ludicamente

BRINCANDO E REAPRENDENDO TODO DIA

Through all the evidence surrounding education, the new needs of contemporary technological times require the ability to reinvent, adapt, accommodate, assimilate and balance and have never been more necessary in the face of modernizing teaching methodologies, focusing on the majority purpose of learning with ludicity. Aiming to develop essays that show a successful, creative, significant, active, playful experience in teacher training in a practical way. The methodology of this study aims to demonstrate an experience carried out in the pedagogical week that occurred at the municipal school Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. The results of these dialogical actions are reflected in the satisfaction of those involved in leaving traditional passivity and reflecting on methodological action in the dialectics of teaching and learning. Thinking paths, methods that can be tested to improve creative classes, practices, active conditions produce knowledge from interactionist poetry, music, folklore, games, prior knowledge and reality. With a single objective of promoting learning with mediating techniques, the teacher being an innovator, a provocateur, a researcher, a daring experimentalist, seeking its apex in acquiring a pedagogy that transforms from simple to complex, ludically.A través de toda la evidencia que rodea a la educación, las nuevas necesidades de los tiempos tecnológicos contemporáneos requieren la capacidad de reinventarse, adaptarse, acomodarse, asimilarse y equilibrarse y nunca han sido más necesarias frente a la modernización de las metodologías de enseñanza, centrándose en el propósito mayoritario de aprender con ludicidad. Con el objetivo de desarrollar ensayos que muestren una experiencia exitosa, creativa, significativa, activa y lúdica en la formación del profesorado de una manera práctica. La metodología de este estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar una experiencia realizada en la semana pedagógica que tuvo lugar en la escuela municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Los resultados de estas acciones dialógicas se reflejan en la satisfacción de quienes participan en dejar la pasividad tradicional y reflexionar sobre la acción metodológica en la dialéctica de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Los caminos de pensamiento, los métodos que se pueden probar para mejorar las clases creativas, las prácticas, las condiciones activas producen conocimiento a partir de la poesía interaccionista, la música, el folclore, los juegos, el conocimiento previo y la realidad. Con un único objetivo de promover el aprendizaje con técnicas mediadoras, siendo el docente un innovador, un provocador, un investigador, un experimentador atrevido, buscando su ápice en la adquisición de una pedagogía que transforme de lo simple a lo complejo, lúdicamente.Mediante todas as evidências que cercam a educação, as novas necessidades dos tempos tecnológicos contemporâneos exigem capacidade de se reinventar, adaptar, acomodar, assimilar e equilibrar e nunca foram tão necessárias frente a modernizar as metodologias de ensino, focando no propósito majoritário de aprender com ludicidade. Objetivando desenvolver ensaios que mostram uma experiência exitosa, criativa, significativa, ativa, lúdica na formação de professores de maneira prática. A metodologia deste estudo visa demonstrar uma experiência realizada na semana pedagógica ocorrida na escola municipal Professora Luzanira Maria da Costa Cruz. Os resultados destas ações dialógicas se refletem na satisfação dos envolvidos em sair da passividade tradicional e refletir sobre a ação metodológica na dialética de ensino e aprendizagem. Pensando caminhos, métodos que possam ser testados para melhorar as aulas criativas, práticas, as condições ativas produzirem conhecimentos a partir de poesias interacionistas, músicas, folclore, brincadeiras, conhecimento prévio e realidade. Com um único objetivo de promover o aprendizado com técnicas mediadoras, sendo o professor um inovador, um provocador, um pesquisador, um ousado experimentalista, buscando seu ápice em adquirir uma pedagogia que transforme do simples ao complexo, ludicamente

Incidence of and Factors Associated With Leprosy Among Household Contacts of Patients With Leprosy in Brazil.

Importance: Despite progress toward reducing global incidence, leprosy control remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To estimate new case detection rates of leprosy among household contacts of patients with previously diagnosed leprosy and to investigate its associated risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study included families registered in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort linked with nationwide registries of leprosy; data were collected from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2014. Household contacts of patients with a previous diagnosis of leprosy from each household unit were followed up from the time of detection of the primary case to the time of detection of a subsequent case or until December 31, 2014. Data analysis was performed from May to December 2018. Exposures: Clinical characteristics of the primary case and sociodemographic factors of the household contact. Main Outcomes and Measures: Incidence of leprosy, estimated as the new case detection rate of leprosy per 100 000 household contacts at risk (person-years at risk). The association between occurrence of a subsequent leprosy case and the exposure risk factors was assessed using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions allowing for state- and household-specific random effects. Results: Among 42 725 household contacts (22 449 [52.5%] female; mean [SD] age, 22.4 [18.5] years) of 17 876 patients detected with leprosy, the new case detection rate of leprosy was 636.3 (95% CI, 594.4-681.1) per 100 000 person-years at risk overall and 521.9 (95% CI, 466.3-584.1) per 100 000 person-years at risk among children younger than 15 years. Household contacts of patients with multibacillary leprosy had higher odds of developing leprosy (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.17-1.88), and the odds increased among contacts aged 50 years or older (adjusted OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 2.03-4.76). Leprosy detection was negatively associated with illiterate or preschool educational level (adjusted OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92). For children, the odds were increased among boys (adjusted OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.20-2.42). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings in this Brazilian population-based cohort study suggest that the household contacts of patients with leprosy may have increased risk of leprosy, especially in households with existing multibacillary cases and older contacts. Public health interventions, such as contact screening, that specifically target this population appear to be needed