Methods of recovery technical equipment of the city by using new trends

The article deals with the current state of technical equipment of the city, which today is generally in very poor condition. The article also discusses the current unsatisfactory conceptual and coordination solution of engineering network, there are described various reasons why accede to restore technical equipment of the city, and on this basis are described of the possibility of restoration of these buildings with the use of new trends in the field of engineering networ

Prevalence of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Women with Obesity Syndrome: Assessment by Pancreatic Fecal Elastase 1

Background. Previous research on the combined association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and exocrine pancreas insufficiency may have been limited by restricted age variability and a lack of representation of both body weight and body mass index. There are still too few conclusive reports about conspicuous vitamin D metabolism according to pancreatic fecal elastase 1 (FE1) in obese patients. Methods. Between May 2004 and July 2008, we investigated in 125 female patients with obesity syndrome at an average age of approximately 52.9 years as well as in age-matched 80 healthy female controls the prevalence of pancreas insufficiency. Serum levels of PTH, total calcium, and D3 vitamins calcitriol and calcifediol, as well as the concentration of fecal elastase 1 (FE1) were determined in patients and controls. Results. In 75 female nondiabetic patients with obesity syndrome (BMI 35 ≤ 40 kg/m2), calcifediol was markedly decreased (25.0 ± 4.9 ng/mL) compared to controls (50.2 ± 14.7 nmol/L; P < 0.01). FE1 level was significantly decreased in obese subjects compared to controls ( P < 0.01). Calcifediol was significantly lower in patients with morbid obesity (for calcifediol,  P < 0.05). Conclusion. In obese females, pancreatic FE1 in feces confirms the extent of vitamin D supply, and thus shows a vitamin D3 deficiency, depending on the loss of stool content. There seems to be a connection between the loss of exocrine function and the increasing body mass index. Pancreas insufficiency, as detected by low FE1 concentrations, is frequent in obese patients. However, the BMI is an additional factor for lowered fecal excretion of FE1

Ripple coarsening on ion beam-eroded surfaces

Abstract: The temporal evolution of ripple pattern on Ge, Si, Al2O3, and SiO2 by low-energy ion beam erosion with Xe + ions is studied. The experiments focus on the ripple dynamics in a fluence range from 1.1 × 1017 cm-2 to 1.3 × 1019 cm-2 at ion incidence angles of 65° and 75° and ion energies of 600 and 1,200 eV. At low fluences a short-wavelength ripple structure emerges on the surface that is superimposed and later on dominated by long wavelength structures for increasing fluences. The coarsening of short wavelength ripples depends on the material system and angle of incidence. These observations are associated with the influence of reflected primary ions and gradient-dependent sputtering. The investigations reveal that coarsening of the pattern is a universal behavior for all investigated materials, just at the earliest accessible stage of surface evolution

Collective Oscillations of an Imbalanced Fermi Gas: Axial Compression Modes and Polaron Effective Mass

We investigate the low-lying compression modes of a unitary Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. For low polarization, the strong coupling between the two spin components leads to a hydrodynamic behavior of the cloud. For large population imbalance we observe a decoupling of the oscillations of the two spin components, giving access to the effective mass of the Fermi polaron, a quasi-particle composed of an impurity dressed by particle-hole pair excitations in a surrounding Fermi sea. We find $m^*/m=1.17(10)$, in agreement with the most recent theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Synthesis of Peptides from α- and β-Tubulin Containing Glutamic Acid Side-Chain Linked Oligo-Glu with Defined Length

Side-chain oligo- and polyglutamylation represents an important posttranslational modification in tubulin physiology. The particular number of glutamate units is related to specific regulatory functions. In this work, we present a method for the synthesis of building blocks for the Fmoc synthesis of peptides containing main chain glutamic acid residues that carry side-chain branching with oligo-glutamic acid. The two model peptide sequences CYEEVGVDSVEGEG-E(Ex)-EEGEEY and CQDATADEQG-E(Ex)-FEEEEGEDEA from the C-termini of mammalian α1- and β1-tubulin, respectively, containing oligo-glutamic acid side-chain branching with lengths of 1 to 5 amino acids were assembled in good yield and purity. The products may lead to the generation of specific antibodies which should be important tools for a more detailed investigation of polyglutamylation processes

Pattern formation on Ge by low energy ion beam erosion

Modification of nanoscale surface topography is inherent to low-energy ion beam erosion processes and is one of the most important fields of nanotechnology. In this report a comprehensive study of surface smoothing and self-organized pattern formation on Ge(100) by using different noble gases ion beam erosion is presented. The investigations focus on low ion energies ( 2000 eV) and include the entire range of ion incidence angles. It is found that for ions (Ne, Ar) with masses lower than the mass of the Ge target atoms, no pattern formation occurs and surface smoothing is observed for all angles of ion incidence. In contrast, for erosion with higher mass ions (Kr, Xe), ripple formation starts at incidence angles of about 65° depending on ion energy. At smaller incident angles surface smoothing occurs again. Investigations of the surface dynamics for specific ion incidence angles by changing the ion fluence over two orders of magnitude gives a clear evidence for coarsening and faceting of the surface pattern. Both observations indicate that gradient-dependent sputtering and reflection of primary ions play crucial role in the pattern evolution, just at the lowest accessible fluences. The results are discussed in relation to recently proposed redistributive or stress-induced models for pattern formation. In addition, it is argued that a large angular variation of the sputter yield and reflected primary ions can significantly contribute to pattern formation and evolution as nonlinear and non-local processes as supported by simulation of sputtering and ion reflection

Experimental Study of the BEC-BCS Crossover Region in Lithium 6

We report Bose-Einstein condensation of weakly bound $^6$Li$_2$molecules in a crossed optical trap near a Feshbach resonance. We measure a molecule-molecule scattering length of$170^{+100}_{-60}$ nm at 770 G, in good agreement with theory.We study the expansion of the cloud in the BEC-BCS crossoverregion.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR

Bose-Einstein condensates in a double well: mean-field chaos and multi-particle entanglement

A recent publication [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 140408 (2008)] shows that there is a relation between mean-field chaos and multi-particle entanglement for BECs in a periodically shaken double well. 'Schrodinger-cat' like mesoscopic superpositions in phase-space occur for conditions for which the system displays mean-field chaos. In the present manuscript, more general highly-entangled states are investigated. Mean-field chaos accelerates the emergence of multi-particle entanglement; the boundaries of stable regions are particularly suited for entanglement generation.Comment: 5 Pages, 5 jpg-figures, to be published in the proceedings of the LPHYS0

Expansion of a lithium gas in the BEC-BCS crossover

We report on experiments in $^6$Li Fermi gases near Feshbach resonances. A broad s-wave resonance is used to form a Bose-Einstein condensate of weakly bound $^6$Li$_2$ molecules in a crossed optical trap. The measured molecule-molecule scattering length of $170^{+100}_{-60}$ nm at 770 G is found in good agreement with theory. The expansion energy of the cloud in the BEC-BCS crossover region is measured. Finally we discuss the properties of p-wave Feshbach resonances observed near 200 Gauss and new s-wave resonances in the heteronuclear $^6$Li- $^7$Li mixture.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of ICAP 200