stván Burián and the Settling of the Polish Issue during the First World War

Between 13th January 1915 and the April of 1916 filled István Burián the charge of the Common Foreign Minister of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In this time culminated the polish question in the policy of the First World War constituting the basis of the relations Austro-Hungarian and Germany. The first period after 5th August 1915 after the troops of the too allied powers had occupied the full territory of the former Polish Kingdom was arising a political pressure to arrange the fate of the Polish Nation: government, political system, education, public supply and so on. The political leadership of the Danube-Monarchy had tried to settle the question in the framework of the so-called Austro-Polish-Project added the liberated Polish Kingdom to Austro-Hungary. In the Austrian policy became this concept the leading governing principle against the German ideas to unit Poland with Germany. This solution of the question was a consequence of the aspirations of Germany to the domination of the world or at least of East-Europe. István Burián had been acting on behalf of the Austro-polish solution very consistent, and what is more, with a doctrinarian determination that was followed from his turn of mind: because he had a lot of political preconceptions, he tried to realize this. The resistance of the German Government on the spite with Bethmann-Hollweg was so hard that the ambitions of Burián proved to be as fighting windmills. Burián had been going on the way of the “sub-dualistic” structure in like manner to the situation of Croatian in the framework of the Danube-Monarchy. In his second period as Common Foreign Minister (April — October 1918) has hindered him the defensive trends of the military situation of the Central Powers to realize his imagines upon the Polish Solution

Háborús szövetség és vetélkedés: ahogy a lengyelkérdést az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia néhány jelentős politikusa látta (1914–1918) = War-alliance and rivalry: the polish issue regarding by some significant politicians of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1914–1918)

The First World War signified the beginning of a new era also for the Polish society which also belonged to the Monarchy. The study has made effort to give a brief survey about the opinions about the future of Poland of many leading polititical outstanding figures in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The study gives answers of two kind on this remarkable unusual question. On one hand, it gives a detailed description of the main concepts made by the Common Ministry of the Foreign Affaires during the four years of the war, on the other hand is treated in the paper the policy of Germany for and against the rebirth of a new Polish state. The author would like to make the problem of the competition between the two allied powers perfectly clear, why the rivarly in the Polish question led to unsucces. The question was temporarily solved by the antant with the restoration of Polish independence after the War. In the solution of the matter have been played a very important role also the Hungarian politcians as István Tisza and Gyula Andrássy junior. The discus of the two of them is rendered in the study lively and expressiv

Német-osztrák-magyar szakértői bizottsági konferencia a lengyel vámpolitika kérdéséről, 1916. augusztus 29 - szeptember 1.

In my paper I present the discussion between the German Empire and the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy how must be develop the economical system in the Polish Kingdom after the war finished victorious against the entente-mights. The Central Powers had occupied in August 1915 the full teritory of the earlier so-callied Russain-Poland and the sherad the country in two parts, a German and an Austro-Hungarian territory, arranged there two General-Military-Gouvernements: the German part with the capitol of Warsaw and an Autrichian zone with the centre in Lublin. The two great powers had rival in the polish issue during of each of the four war-years. At the high sommer of 1916 – because of the catastrophal defeat against the Russian army – Germany had taken lead over the Danube Monarchy in this rivalisation. As the more powerful partner he vindicated for him self the right to say in the matter: what kind of the custom-system must they arranged in Poland. The Germans wanted Poland to draw into the German custums system. The representant and leader of the Austro-Hungarian delegation, Kajetán Mérey upholded the case of the independent Polish custems system. The conference could finish the discusson without result

Háborús szövetség és vetélkedés: ahogy a lengyelkérdést az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia néhány jelentős politikusa látta (1914–1918) = War-alliance and rivalry: the polish issue regarding by some significant politicians of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1914–1918)

The First World War signified the beginning of a new era also for the Polish society which also belonged to the Monarchy. The study has made effort to give a brief survey about the opinions about the future of Poland of many leading polititical outstanding figures in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The study gives answers of two kind on this remarkable unusual question. On one hand, it gives a detailed description of the main concepts made by the Common Ministry of the Foreign Affaires during the four years of the war, on the other hand is treated in the paper the policy of Germany for and against the rebirth of a new Polish state. The author would like to make the problem of the competition between the two allied powers perfectly clear, why the rivarly in the Polish question led to unsucces. The question was temporarily solved by the antant with the restoration of Polish independence after the War. In the solution of the matter have been played a very important role also the Hungarian politcians as István Tisza and Gyula Andrássy junior. The discus of the two of them is rendered in the study lively and expressiv

NÉMET–OSZTRÁK–MAGYAR SZAKÉRTŐI BIZOTTSÁGI KONFERENCIA A LENGYEL VÁMPOLITIKA KÉRDÉSÉRŐL (1916. AUGUSZTUS 29 – SZEPTEMBER 1.)

In my paper I present the discussion between the German Empire and the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy how must be develop the economical system in the Polish Kingdom after the war finished victorious against the entente-mights. The Central Powers had occupied in August 1915 the full teritory of the earlier so-callied Russain-Poland and the sherad the country in two parts, a German and an Austro-Hungarian territory, arranged there two General-Military-Gouvernements: the German part with the capitol of Warsaw and an Autrichian zone with the centre in Lublin. The two great powers had rival in the polish issue during of each of the four war-years. At the high sommer of 1916 – because of the catastrophal defeat against the Russian army – Germany had taken lead over the Danube Monarchy in this rivalisation. As the more powerful partner he vindicated for him self the right to say in the matter: what kind of the custom-system must they arranged in Poland. The Germans wanted Poland to draw into the German custums system. The representant and leader of the Austro-Hungarian delegation, Kajetán Mérey upholded the case of the independent Polish custems system. The conference could finish the discusson without result

A lengyel államiság visszaszerzésének napja: Varsó 1918. november 11.

The biggest celebration of Poland is linked to the beginning of November and the end of the war. In Eastern Europe the successor states of the Austrian – Hungarian Monarchy only differ from the formation of the Polish State that the latter didn’t impregnate in big mass movements. The Polish arbitrarily created a historical milestone dedicating their celebration day to the arrival of Pitsudski in Warsaw. Pitsudski arrived in Poland from his Magdeburg’s imprisonment, and started to organise the Polish state. This wasn’t a one-day action, but the process lasted for months since the summer of 1917. Pitsudski was appointed to the commander-in-chief of the army, then later he became the head of state. In the autumn of 1918 until the December of that year, thanks to the dramatic organising activity, which was full of conflicts, Poland had got an own government. This achievement was owed to the fact that Pitsudski was the only politician who was accepted the by each class of the Polish society and that’s why the country avoided the anarchy for which it had big a chance.The biggest celebration of Poland is linked to the beginning of November and the end of the war. In Eastern Europe the successor states of the Austrian – Hungarian Monarchy only differ from the formation of the Polish State that the latter didn’t impregnate in big mass movements. The Polish arbitrarily created a historical milestone dedicating their celebration day to the arrival of Pitsudski in Warsaw. Pitsudski arrived in Poland from his Magdeburg’s imprisonment, and started to organise the Polish state. This wasn’t a one-day action, but the process lasted for months since the summer of 1917. Pitsudski was appointed to the commander-in-chief of the army, then later he became the head of state. In the autumn of 1918 until the December of that year, thanks to the dramatic organising activity, which was full of conflicts, Poland had got an own government. This achievement was owed to the fact that Pitsudski was the only politician who was accepted the by each class of the Polish society and that’s why the country avoided the anarchy for which it had big a chance

István Burián and the Settling of the Polish Issue during the First World War

Between 13th January 1915 and the April of 1916 filled István Burián the charge of the Common Foreign Minister of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In this time culminated the polish question in the policy of the First World War constituting the basis of the relations Austro-Hungarian and Germany. The first period after 5th August 1915 after the troops of the too allied powers had occupied the full territory of the former Polish Kingdom was arising a political pressure to arrange the fate of the Polish Nation: government, political system, education, public supply and so on. The political leadership of the Danube-Monarchy had tried to settle the question in the framework of the so-called Austro-Polish-Project added the liberated Polish Kingdom to Austro-Hungary. In the Austrian policy became this concept the leading governing principle against the German ideas to unit Poland with Germany. This solution of the question was a consequence of the aspirations of Germany to the domination of the world or at least of East-Europe. István Burián had been acting on behalf of the Austro-polish solution very consistent, and what is more, with a doctrinarian determination that was followed from his turn of mind: because he had a lot of political preconceptions, he tried to realize this. The resistance of the German Government on the spite with Bethmann-Hollweg was so hard that the ambitions of Burián proved to be as fighting windmills. Burián had been going on the way of the “sub-dualistic” structure in like manner to the situation of Croatian in the framework of the Danube-Monarchy. In his second period as Common Foreign Minister (April — October 1918) has hindered him the defensive trends of the military situation of the Central Powers to realize his imagines upon the Polish Solution.8210