Effect of Values and Technology Use on Exercise: Implications for Personalized Behavior Change Interventions

Technology has recently been recruited in the war against the ongoing obesity crisis; however, the adoption of Health & Fitness applications for regular exercise is a struggle. In this study, we present a unique demographically representative dataset of 15k US residents that combines technology use logs with surveys on moral views, human values, and emotional contagion. Combining these data, we provide a holistic view of individuals to model their physical exercise behavior. First, we show which values determine the adoption of Health & Fitness mobile applications, finding that users who prioritize the value of purity and de-emphasize values of conformity, hedonism, and security are more likely to use such apps. Further, we achieve a weighted AUROC of .673 in predicting whether individual exercises, and we also show that the application usage data allows for substantially better classification performance (.608) compared to using basic demographics (.513) or internet browsing data (.546). We also find a strong link of exercise to respondent socioeconomic status, as well as the value of happiness. Using these insights, we propose actionable design guidelines for persuasive technologies targeting health behavior modification

Effectiveness of antiepileptic prophylaxis used with supratentorial craniotomies: a meta-analysis

Thirty publications on the effectiveness of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with supratentorial craniotomies were reviewed (1980–1995). After a first selection, six controlled studies remained (11 publications). These six were evaluated according to previously defined methodological criteria. The criteria were divided into three main categories: (1) internal validity, (2) proper and relevant outcome-measures and (3) analysis. In this way a maximum of 145 points could be obtained for each study. Three studies were considered to be of satisfactory methodological quality (≥55% of 145 points) and the odds ratios were calculated as a measure of association between treatment and occurrence of convulsions. The odds ratios of these three studies were statistically pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel Estimator. From this test it appeared that prophylactically used AEDs showed a tendency to prevent postoperative convulsions, but this effect was certainly not statistically significant (P = 0.1 one-tailed). Points of attention concerning possible future investigations are stressed

Van Afval Af

__Abstract__ Er is in de gemeentelijke afvalwereld consensus dat de toekomst ligt in gesloten materiaalkringlopen. Ook het Verpakkingenakkoord spreekt de ambitie uit dat in de komende tien jaar een versnelling nodig is richting grootschalig hergebruik, sluiten van kringlopen en de ontwikkeling van een goed functionerende circulaire grondstoffenmarkt. Vergelijkbare ambities zijn ook door veel gemeenten individueel en de Rijksoverheid in haar ‘afval is grondstof’ beleid uitgesproken. Die gemeentelijke ambitie – en dan specifiek op het gebied van verpakkingen - is de directe aanleiding voor deze transitie-studie. Het beoogt overzicht en suggesties te bieden aan gemeenten (en andere partijen) over hun rol in de circulaire economie vanuit hun positie in de afvalketen. Veel gemeenten hebben de beleidsvoorbereiding en/of uitvoering bij samenwerkingsverbanden of overheidsgedomineerde bedrijven gelegd. In dit document bedoelen we met gemeenten, tenzij anders vermeld, dus ook de lokale overheid inclusief deze partijen. Tijdens de interviews en sessies bleken de meningen soms verdeeld of het Verpakkingenakkoord op alle punten een stap in de goede richting is. In deze studie gaan we uit er vanuit dat het nu gesloten Verpakkingenakkoord een gegeven is, maar we besteden wel aandacht aan hoe gemeenten de invulling en uitvoering van het Verpakkingenakkoord (en de organisatie van afvalbeheer in het algemeen) de komende jaren kunnen vormgeven en strategisch positie kunnen kiezen

Rio Verde Foothills area plan

abstract: It is important to note that the Rio Verde Foothills Area Plan is not a document that represents ultimate buildout as many municipal general plans typically do. Rather, it prepares for and accommodates growth over the next ten to fifteen years, but will be reexamined and updated periodically to reflect current conditions and changes. While not a complete solution, the Rio Verde Foothills Area Plan helps address the effects of growth and development by enhancing cooperation between government agencies, citizens, and other affected interests, and by considering regional implications.Issued as part of Maricopa County 2020 Eye to the Future, the Maricopa County General Plan

Individual Patient Data Subgroup Meta-Analysis of Surgery for Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Peer reviewe

A scalable analytical framework for spatio-temporal analysis of neighborhood change: A sequence analysis approach

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. Spatio-temporal changes reflect the complexity and evolution of demographic and socio-economic processes. Changes in the spatial distribution of population and consumer demand at urban and rural areas are expected to trigger changes in future housing and infrastructure needs. This paper presents a scalable analytical framework for understanding spatio-temporal population change, using a sequence analysis approach. This paper uses gridded cell Census data for Great Britain from 1971 to 2011 with 10-year intervals, creating neighborhood typologies for each Census year. These typologies are then used to analyze transitions of grid cells between different types of neighborhoods and define representative trajectories of neighborhood change. The results reveal seven prevalent trajectories of neighborhood change across Great Britain, identifying neighborhoods which have experienced stable, upward and downward pathways through the national socioeconomic hierarchy over the last four decades

Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II):a randomised trial

SummaryBackgroundThe balance of risk and benefit from early neurosurgical intervention for conscious patients with superficial lobar intracerebral haemorrhage of 10–100 mL and no intraventricular haemorrhage admitted within 48 h of ictus is unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that early surgery compared with initial conservative treatment could improve outcome in these patients.MethodsIn this international, parallel-group trial undertaken in 78 centres in 27 countries, we compared early surgical haematoma evacuation within 12 h of randomisation plus medical treatment with initial medical treatment alone (later evacuation was allowed if judged necessary). An automatic telephone and internet-based randomisation service was used to assign patients to surgery and initial conservative treatment in a 1:1 ratio. The trial was not masked. The primary outcome was a prognosis-based dichotomised (favourable or unfavourable) outcome of the 8 point Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) obtained by questionnaires posted to patients at 6 months. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN22153967.Findings307 of 601 patients were randomly assigned to early surgery and 294 to initial conservative treatment; 298 and 291 were followed up at 6 months, respectively; and 297 and 286 were included in the analysis, respectively. 174 (59%) of 297 patients in the early surgery group had an unfavourable outcome versus 178 (62%) of 286 patients in the initial conservative treatment group (absolute difference 3·7% [95% CI −4·3 to 11·6], odds ratio 0·86 [0·62 to 1·20]; p=0·367).InterpretationThe STICH II results confirm that early surgery does not increase the rate of death or disability at 6 months and might have a small but clinically relevant survival advantage for patients with spontaneous superficial intracerebral haemorrhage without intraventricular haemorrhage.FundingUK Medical Research Council

Surgical Trial in Lobar Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH II) Protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Within the spectrum of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage there are some patients with large or space occupying haemorrhage who require surgery for neurological deterioration and others with small haematomas who should be managed conservatively. There is equipoise about the management of patients between these two extremes. In particular there is some evidence that patients with lobar haematomas and no intraventricular haemorrhage might benefit from haematoma evacuation. The STICH II study will establish whether a policy of earlier surgical evacuation of the haematoma in selected patients will improve outcome compared to a policy of initial conservative treatment.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>an international multicentre randomised parallel group trial. Only patients for whom the treating neurosurgeon is in equipoise about the benefits of early craniotomy compared to initial conservative treatment are eligible. All patients must have a CT scan confirming spontaneous lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (≤1 cm from the cortex surface of the brain and 10-100 ml in volume). Any clotting or coagulation problems must be corrected and randomisation must take place within 48 hours of ictus. With 600 patients, the study will be able to demonstrate a 12% benefit from surgery (2p < 0.05) with 80% power.</p> <p>Stratified randomisation is undertaken using a central 24 hour randomisation service accessed by telephone or web. Patients randomised to early surgery should have the operation within 12 hours. Information about the status (Glasgow Coma Score and focal signs) of all patients through the first five days of their trial progress is also collected in addition to another CT scan at about five days (+/- 2 days). Outcome is measured at six months via a postal questionnaire to the patient. Primary outcome is death or severe disability defined using a prognosis based 8 point Glasgow Outcome Scale. Secondary outcomes include: Mortality, Rankin, Barthel, EuroQol, and Survival.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ISRCTN: <a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN22153967">ISRCTN22153967</a></p