The scale of predictability

We introduce a new stylized fact: the hump-shaped behavior of slopes and coefficients of determination as a function of the aggregation horizon when running (forward/backward) predictive regressions of future excess market returns onto past economic uncertainty (as proxied by market variance, consumption variance, or economic policy uncertainty). To justify this finding formally, we propose a novel modeling framework in which predictability is specified as a property of low-frequency components of both excess market returns and economic uncertainty. We dub this property scale-specific predictability. We show that classical predictive systems imply restricted forms of scale-specific predictability. We conclude that for certain predictors, like economic uncertainty, the restrictions imposed by classical predictive systems may be excessively strong

Speckle photography with different pupils in a multiple-exposure scheme

The use of different multiple aperture pupils for recording each image in speckle photography is proposed. The introduction of suitable spatial frequency carriers, by internally modulating imaged speckles, allows one to selectively isolate or combine the spectral content of different images into spatially separated regions in the Fourier plane. Theoretical and experimental results extend the speckle photography technique to the depic tion of several specklegrams of multiple uniform in plane displacements. In this case, because different pu pils are considered for recording, the cross correlation functions for the amplitudes and intensities in the image plane are calculated on the basis of the statistical properties of the object. Also, the ensemble average inten sity in the Fourier plane is analytically derived, and fringe visibility is investigated

Phase-object analysis with a speckle interferometer

We describe the characteristics of a double-exposure specklegram obtained through a double-aperture system, by introduction of a wedge in front of one aperture in one exposure. It is assumed that a uniform displacement of the diffuser is produced between exposures. The average intensity distribution and visibility of the interferometric fringes in the Fourier plane are analyzed. An alternative interferometric technique for phase-object detection is proposed

Experimental study of volume speckle in four-wave mixing arrangement

We study a high frequency modulated speckle pattern in a four-wave mixing arrangement. The three-dimensional nature of the speckles is considered in the phase conjugate reflectivity evaluation which implies to analyze its dependence on the average speckle size. Also, the reflectivity is analyzed in terms of the external applied field, the probe beam ratio, and the pupil aperture diameter of the imaging system that generates the subjective speckle beam

Self-imaging through incoherent to coherent conversion

The self-imaging phenomenon is realized by utilizing an incoherent to coherent converter. For this purpose, a photorefractive BSO crystal that becomes uniformly birefringent due to an external applied voltage is employed. Then, an incoherently illuminated one-dimensional grating that locally modulates the induced birefringence is registered. In the readout process, a linearly polarized plane wave from a He-Ne laser is utilized. The ellipticity of the light exiting the crystal will be determined according to the local birefringence. Then, after passing through a polarizer, the coherent output will reproduce the incoherent input. In this way, under free propagation, coherent replicas of the grating will be obtained

Modulated speckle simulations based on the random-walk model

The random-walk model is employed to simulate modulated speckle patterns. We demonstrate that the geometrical image approximation fails to describe the modulated speckle pattern. A new approach to analyzing this phenomenon is proposed. The validity of the approximations employed is verified by comparison of the simulation with the experimental results. Speckle metrological applications and phase measurement techniques could be improved by taking advantage of this model

Hydrogen peroxide is a neuronal alarmin that triggers specific RNAs, local translation of Annexin A2, and cytoskeletal remodeling in Schwann cells

Schwann cells are key players in neuro-regeneration: They sense "alarm" signals released by degenerating nerve terminals and differentiate toward a proregenerative phenotype, with phagocytosis of nerve debris and nerve guidance. At the murine neuromuscular junction, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signal of Schwann cells' activation in response to a variety of nerve injuries. Here we report that Schwann cells exposed to low doses of H2O2 rewire the expression of several RNAs at both transcriptional and translational levels. Among the genes positively regulated at both levels, we identified an enriched cluster involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration, with the Annexin (Anxa) proteins being the most represented family. We show that both Annexin A2 (Anxa2) transcript and protein accumulate at the tips of long pseudopods that Schwann cells extend upon H2O2 exposure. Interestingly, Schwann cells reply to this signal and to nerve injury by locally translating Anxa2 in pseudopods, and undergo an extensive cytoskeleton remodeling. Our results show that, similarly to neurons, Schwann cells take advantage of local protein synthesis to change shape and move toward damaged axonal terminals to facilitate axonal regeneration

Non conservative Abelian sandpile model with BTW toppling rule

A non conservative Abelian sandpile model with BTW toppling rule introduced in [Tsuchiya and Katori, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 61}, 1183 (2000)] is studied. Using a scaling analysis of the different energy scales involved in the model and numerical simulations it is shown that this model belong to a universality class different from that of previous models considered in the literature.Comment: RevTex, 5 pages, 6 ps figs, Minor change