Effect of Pulse Flours on the Physiochemical Characteristics and Sensory Acceptance of Baked Crackers.

Pulse flours offer nutritional alternatives to wheat flour in the production of baked snacks due to their high protein and fibre levels and low glycaemic index. In this study, broad-bean (Vicia faba), yellow-pea and green-pea (Pisum sativum) flours were each blended with wheat flour at 40% in the formulation of chemically leavened crackers. The effects of flour type and baking time on the physiochemical properties, sensory acceptability, nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of the crackers were observed in comparison with 100% wheat crackers. Broad-bean crackers had the highest protein content and antioxidant activity (13 g per 100 g DM and 38.8 mgAAE per 100 g DM, respectively). Yellow-pea crackers had the highest fibre content (12 g per 100 g DM). Physical dimensions and colour attributes were significantly affected by pulse-flour substitution. Yellow-pea and broad-bean crackers were significantly preferred by consumers compared to the control, demonstrating the potential application of these flours to improve the eating quality and nutritional profile of crackers

Skin penetration and decontamination of actinides

Les actinides sont des radioéléments couramment manipulés par les travailleurs de l'industrie nucléaire et font partie de la menace NRBC (nucléaire, radiologique, biologique, chimique). La contamination cutanée représente une voie d'exposition majeure de ces agents radiologiques. La décontamination de la peau est donc cruciale pour empêcher une dispersion de la contamination et l'absorption systémique du contaminant par la peau. Ce travail s'est attaché à évaluer les profils de pénétration cutanée de deux actinides : l'américium et le plutonium, sous différentes formes, dans un modèle d'étude ex vivo, la peau d'oreille de porc. L'efficacité de décontamination de différents produits usuels a également été testée sur ce modèle, mais aussi sur un modèle in vitro de poudre de couche cornée bovine. Pour compléter l'étude de la décontamination, l'efficacité d'une formulation d'hydrogel de DTPA a également été testée. La détermination de la distribution de la contamination dans la peau a été réalisée à l'aide de différentes techniques d'imagerie : l'autoradiographie par émulsion, le TASTRAK ou encore l'iQID camera. Les résultats ont montré une grande différence dans les profils de pénétration et de rétention des actinides lorsqu'ils sont en solution aqueuse modérément soluble ou en solution organique dans un mélange de solvant. De plus, cette dernière forme modifie fortement la structure cutanée, menant à une forte augmentation de la pénétration cutanée. Les résultats des protocoles de décontamination montrent une efficacité égale du savon (Trait rouge®) comparé au DTPA, qui est le traitement décorporant utilisé également en décontamination. La formulation en hydrogel présente une efficacité supérieure pour le traitement de solutions organiques et met en évidence l'intérêt de développer d'autres formulations galéniquesActinides are alpha-emitting radioactive elements handled by nuclear industry workers and are part of the NRBC threat (nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical). Skin contamination represents a major exposure route for these radioelements. Skin decontamination is therefore essential to prevent any dispersion of contamination and systemic absorption through the skin. This work focused the evaluation of skin penetration behavior of two actinides: americium and plutonium, in different forms, in an ex vivo model, pig ear skin. The decontamination efficacy of various products was tested on this model as well as an in vitro model of bovine hide powder. The efficacy of a new DTPA hydrogel formulation was also tested. The localization of in different skin layers was carried out using various imaging techniques: emulsion autoradiography, solid track autoradiography, TASTRAK or iQID camera. Data showed differences in penetration, retention and localization profiles of the different actinides used in moderately soluble aqueous solution or in a solvent mixture. In addition, the latter modifies skin structure that is associated with an increase in skin penetration. Radioactivity activity measurements in skin layers agreed well with distribution as shown by the different autoradiography techniques. The results of decontamination protocols showed an equal efficacy of the soap (Trait rouge®) as compared to DTPA, that is used for decorporation therapy and also for decontamination. The hydrogel formulation showed a superior efficacy for the treatment of organic solutions and demonstrates the interest for development of other pharmaceutical formulation

Pénétration et décontamination cutanée des actinides

Actinides are alpha-emitting radioactive elements handled by nuclear industry workers and are part of the NRBC threat (nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical). Skin contamination represents a major exposure route for these radioelements. Skin decontamination is therefore essential to prevent any dispersion of contamination and systemic absorption through the skin. This work focused the evaluation of skin penetration behavior of two actinides: americium and plutonium, in different forms, in an ex vivo model, pig ear skin. The decontamination efficacy of various products was tested on this model as well as an in vitro model of bovine hide powder. The efficacy of a new DTPA hydrogel formulation was also tested. The localization of in different skin layers was carried out using various imaging techniques: emulsion autoradiography, solid track autoradiography, TASTRAK or iQID camera. Data showed differences in penetration, retention and localization profiles of the different actinides used in moderately soluble aqueous solution or in a solvent mixture. In addition, the latter modifies skin structure that is associated with an increase in skin penetration. Radioactivity activity measurements in skin layers agreed well with distribution as shown by the different autoradiography techniques. The results of decontamination protocols showed an equal efficacy of the soap (Trait rouge®) as compared to DTPA, that is used for decorporation therapy and also for decontamination. The hydrogel formulation showed a superior efficacy for the treatment of organic solutions and demonstrates the interest for development of other pharmaceutical formulationsLes actinides sont des radioéléments couramment manipulés par les travailleurs de l'industrie nucléaire et font partie de la menace NRBC (nucléaire, radiologique, biologique, chimique). La contamination cutanée représente une voie d'exposition majeure de ces agents radiologiques. La décontamination de la peau est donc cruciale pour empêcher une dispersion de la contamination et l'absorption systémique du contaminant par la peau. Ce travail s'est attaché à évaluer les profils de pénétration cutanée de deux actinides : l'américium et le plutonium, sous différentes formes, dans un modèle d'étude ex vivo, la peau d'oreille de porc. L'efficacité de décontamination de différents produits usuels a également été testée sur ce modèle, mais aussi sur un modèle in vitro de poudre de couche cornée bovine. Pour compléter l'étude de la décontamination, l'efficacité d'une formulation d'hydrogel de DTPA a également été testée. La détermination de la distribution de la contamination dans la peau a été réalisée à l'aide de différentes techniques d'imagerie : l'autoradiographie par émulsion, le TASTRAK ou encore l'iQID camera. Les résultats ont montré une grande différence dans les profils de pénétration et de rétention des actinides lorsqu'ils sont en solution aqueuse modérément soluble ou en solution organique dans un mélange de solvant. De plus, cette dernière forme modifie fortement la structure cutanée, menant à une forte augmentation de la pénétration cutanée. Les résultats des protocoles de décontamination montrent une efficacité égale du savon (Trait rouge®) comparé au DTPA, qui est le traitement décorporant utilisé également en décontamination. La formulation en hydrogel présente une efficacité supérieure pour le traitement de solutions organiques et met en évidence l'intérêt de développer d'autres formulations galénique

Effect of durum wheat semolina substitution with broad bean flour (Vicia faba) on the Maccheronccini pasta quality

This study investigated the effect of Maccheronccini fortification with different levels (10, 30 and 50 %) of broad bean flour (Vicia faba) on its nutritional and technological quality. Incorporation of the legume flour significantly increased protein, dietary fibre and mineral contents of produced pasta (P < 0.05). The mineral and protein dietary reference intake (DRI) contributions were higher in enriched pasta considering an intake of 200 g day−1 person−1 (cooked pasta). Cooking losses were relatively low regardless of the substitution level. Colour parameters of produced pasta indicated comparable brightness and higher redness values for enriched pasta. Higher levels of phytates were also found which could compromise iron bioavailability as was predicted through phytate/mineral molar ratios which remained higher than the inhibitory threshold values for calcium and iron intestinal absorption. Enriched pasta showed significantly lower glycaemic index and slightly greater per cent protein digestibility as regard to the control. Produced Maccheronccini pasta had good technological properties with regard to colour and cooking behaviour. Moreover, contribution to DRIs and nutritional value were enhanced upon broad bean flour addition.This work was financially supported by the Project PROMETEO/2012/064 from the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain. The internship grant of Karima Tazrart from the Université Abderrahmane Mira Bejaia, Algeria, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Paolo Diflumeri and Paola D’Agnello from Belladauna Company for their help in the optimization and production of pasta.Peer reviewe

Nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility of fresh pasta enriched with Vicia faba

Nutritionally enriched fresh pasta was prepared from semolina fortified with Vicia faba flour. Three addition levels were tested (10, 30 and 50%) and plain pasta (100% semolina) was used as a control. Enriched pasta showed lower cooking time, and higher dry matter loss, but with a similar water uptake. The shape of the pasta was not significantly affected by the cooking process. Color parameters indicated comparable brightness between samples and higher redness values for enriched pasta. The incorporation of broad-bean flour resulted in a significant increase in protein levels (21% against 13.7% in 50% enriched pasta and the control, respectively), fiber, resistant starch (from 1.4% in the control to 2.5% in 50% pasta), ash and minerals (calcium, iron and zinc). The mineral dietary reference intake contributions were higher in fortified pasta, and the enrichment percentage of 30% was the highest level, allowing improved iron availability. In vitro percent protein digestibility increased proportionally with the broad-bean substitution level. The rate of starch hydrolysis was reduced upon broad-bean enrichment, resulting in lower glycemic index (GI) for enriched pasta (91.9, 83.4 and 71.3 in 10%, 30% and 50% pasta, respectively) compared to traditional pasta (95.9) and white bread (100).This work was financially supported by the Project PROMETEO/2012/064 from the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain. The internship grant of Karima Tazrart from the Université Abderrahmane Mira Bejaia, Algeria is gratefully acknowledgedPeer reviewe

Effect of broad bean (Vicia faba) addition on starch properties and texture of dry and fresh pasta

Two kinds of pasta were produced: dry Maccheronccinis pasta and fresh Cicatellis pasta. Four formulations were made for each type: control pasta made with 100% semolina and enriched pasta containing different levels of broad bean flour. Thermal properties were measured using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and revealed that only dried pasta induced gelatinization peaks. Enriched samples had higher T0, Tp and Tc values but lower gelatinization enthalpy than the control. Retrogradation temperature tended to decrease as the level of bean flour increase, both in dry and fresh pasta. The Rapid Visco Analyser data revealed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values for pasting temperature in dried pasta. All other parameters showed higher values for Maccheronccinis compared to Cicatellis. Peak, trough and final viscosities, breakdown and setbacks decreased as the percentage of added flour increased. Texture analysis showed that fresh pasta was stickier than dry pasta, while firmness was similar between the two types.This work was financially supported by the Project PROMETEO/2017/189 from the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain.Peer reviewe

Penetration and decontamination of americium-241 ex vivo using fresh and frozen pig skin

International audienc

Actinide-contaminated Skin

International audienc

Skin absorption of actinides: influence of solvents or chelates on skin penetration ex vivo

International audienc