Cytotoxic, antimicrobial and DNA breaking activity of Salgam

Salgam is one of the traditional fermented beverage that was produced and consumed by Turkish people. It is a sour-soft beverage which is red in colour. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and DNA breaking activity of Salgam. Here, the cytotoxic effect of Salgam was studied by MTT assay using K562 (human bone marrow cells) cell line. Genotoxic effect of Salgam was studied by testing the effect of the substance on supper coiled double helix DNA. In addition, antibacterial effects of Salgam were investigated using Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus strains. K562 cells were treated with Salgam concentrations of 0.3125%, 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% for 24 h, after that cytotoxic effect of Salgam was studied by MTT test. Three methods were used to determine the antibacterial effect of Salgam; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Disc Diffusion Assay. DNA damaging effect of four concentrations of Salgam against pET22b circular DNA also investigated. Salgam inhibited proliferation of K526 cells at highest concentration for 24 h treatment period. It had no effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae and the result of pET22 plasmid DNA breaking analysis revealed that Salgam did not affect the pET22b. Therefore, it concluded that Salgam can be considered as a safe beverage for human cells and bacterial flora

Partial Shift Mapping Decoding Algorithm to PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a kind of modulation technique which allows the transmission of high data rates over wideband radio channels subject to frequency selective fading by dividing it to several narrow band and flat fading channels. OFDM has high spectral efficiency and Robustness to multipath fading. In contrast high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals is a major drawback of multicarrier systems like OFDM. High PAPR causes the nonlinear distortion in the received data and reduces the efficiency of the high power amplifier in transmitter. To solve the problem many techniques such as SLM and PTS algorithms are proposed. Recently a new simple method with low complexity respected to the SLM and PTS as Partial Shift Mapping (PSM) is proposed by Xing et al. He showed that the PSM method can reduce the PAPR parameter respected the other mentioned methods, effectively. In this paper we will design the corresponding decoder to the PSM technique and will evaluate its robustness respected to the high power amplifier distortion and the AWGN channel. Simulation results will show that the PSM method has a better Power spectrum density and is less sensitive to the type of modulation and number of subcarriers

Modeling Virus Transport and Removal during Storage and Recovery in Heterogeneous Aquifers

A quantitative understanding of virus removal during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in physically and geochemically heterogeneous aquifers is needed to accurately assess human health risks from viral infections. A two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model incorporating processes of virus attachment, detachment, and inactivation in aqueous and solid phases was developed to systematically evaluate the virus removal performance of ASR schemes. Physical heterogeneity was considered as either layered or randomly distributed hydraulic conductivities (with selected variance and horizontal correlation length). Geochemical heterogeneity in the aquifer was accounted for using Colloid Filtration Theory to predict the spatial distribution of attachment rate coefficient. Simulation results demonstrate that the combined effects of aquifer physical heterogeneity and spatial variability of attachment rate resulted in higher virus concentrations in the recovered water at the ASR well (i.e. reduced virus removal). While the sticking efficiency of viruses to aquifer sediments was found to significantly influence virus concentration in the recovered water, the solid phase inactivation under realistic field conditions combined with the duration of storage phase had a predominant influence on the overall virus removal. The relative importance of physical heterogeneity increased under physicochemical conditions that reduced virus removal (e.g. lower value of sticking efficiency or solid phase inactivation rate). This study provides valuable insight on site selection of ASR projects and an approach to optimize ASR operational parameters (e.g. storage time) for virus removal and to minimize costs associated with post-recovery treatment

Supporting Secondary Teachers\u27 Proof and Justification of Calculus Concepts Through the Intentional Use of Dynamic Technology

Learning calculus concepts plays a huge role in understanding phenomena in STEM-related disciplines. Those concepts tend to be dynamic in nature, and the visual exploration and representation of calculus concepts using paper and pencil is limited compared to pedagogically and intentionally using dynamic geometry software. As such, a primary component of this dissertation study involves the integration of dynamic technology. Additionally, previous studies have shown that students have difficulties constructing proofs related to calculus concepts. Despite the existing body of research on students\u27 comprehension of proof and justification, there has not been much focus on teachers\u27 knowledge and perception of proof and justification in connection to the ways that prospective secondary teachers can teach and learn calculus concepts. This study uses a qualitative methodology to investigate the ways in which integrating technology could help both in-service and pre-service secondary teachers gain a deeper understanding of the process of proof. Through a multiple case study approach, research participants were engaged with different mathematical tasks to explore geometric series and subsequently construct and prove conjectures through the integration of dynamic technology. This study showed that dynamic geometry software could help teachers to appreciate the value of visual representation in teaching and learning mathematics. Those technological pieces helped them with exploring different ideas, which is crucial in the process of proving. However, a lack of experience both with visual representations and constructing conjectures held participants back from using their full potential. When it comes to mathematical proofs in school mathematics, it should be considered as a process of exploring ideas, making conjectures, and checking the validity of those conjectures and not a single notion and visual representations - specifically dynamic ones that are created by technology – play a huge role in deepening teachers understanding of the process through their connection with key ideas

Optimal Complex-Valued Prototype Filter Design for GFDM Systems

One of the main challenges with generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) systems is prototype filter design. A poorly designed filter increases inherent and out-of-band (OOB) interferences. In this paper, we introduce a novel optimal prototype filter for GFDM systems that eliminates the negative effects of intrinsic interferences. We introduce a complex-valued pulse shape similar to a single-sideband (SSB) modulation scheme, which significantly improves bandwidth efficiency. Specifically, we introduce an optimization problem to design an optimal pulse shape filter to reduce all intrinsic interference to zero. We derive analytical expressions to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) of the system and show how the designed optimal prototype filter outperforms its current counterparts.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2301.1047

Delineating the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic potentials of 4-methylimidazole against ethyl methanesulfonate toxicity in bone marrow cell of swiss albino mice

4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI) is mostly used in beverages and coloring food, dark beers and common brands of cola drinks, which may contain more than 100 μg of this compound per 12-ounce serving. This study was aimed to investigate the antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of 4-MEI (100, 130 and 160 mg/kg) against ethyl methanesulfonate (240 mg/kg) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and Mitotic index (MI) tests in bone marrow cells of Swiss Albino Mice at 12 h and 24 h treatment periods. So, the t-test was used for the statistical analysis. In this research, 4-MEI at all concentrations for 12 h treatment period reduced chromosomal aberrations and at 130 and 160 mg/kg concentrations for 24 h treatment period increased chromosomal aberrations induced by EMS (240 mg/kg), but th ese reductions and increases were not significant. Also, intraperitoneal injection of 4-MEI at doses of 100, 130 and 160 mg/kg combined with EMS (240 mg/kg) showed that the mitotic index was decreased at 100 and 130 mg/kg for 12h and 130 mg/kg for 24 h treatment periods, when compared to positive sample (EMS), but did not show any statistically difference from the EMS treated group. It can be concluded that 4-MEI might not be antigenotoxic and protective effects in bone marrow cells of Swiss Albino Mice, because 4-MEI could not reduce the chromosomal aberrations induced by EMS

Partial Shift Mapping Decoding Algorithm to PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a kind of modulation technique which allows the transmission of high data rates over wideband radio channels subject to frequency selective fading by dividing it to several narrow band and flat fading channels. OFDM has high spectral efficiency and Robustness to multipath fading. In contrast high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals is a major drawback of multicarrier systems like OFDM. High PAPR causes the nonlinear distortion in the received data and reduces the efficiency of the high power amplifier in transmitter. To solve the problem many techniques such as SLM and PTS algorithms are proposed. Recently a new simple method with low complexity respected to the SLM and PTS as Partial Shift Mapping (PSM) is proposed by Xing et al. He showed that the PSM method can reduce the PAPR parameter respected the other mentioned methods, effectively. In this paper we will design the corresponding decoder to the PSM technique and will evaluate its robustness respected to the high power amplifier distortion and the AWGN channel. Simulation results will show that the PSM method has a better Power spectrum density and is less sensitive to the type of modulation and number of subcarriers

IMMAN : an R/Bioconductor package for Interolog protein network reconstruction, mapping and mining analysis

Background: Reconstruction of protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) has been riddled with controversy for decades. Particularly, false-negative and - positive interactions make this progress even more complicated. Also, lack of a standard PPIN limits us in the comparison studies and results in the incompatible outcomes. Using an evolution-based concept, i.e. interolog which refers to interacting orthologous protein sets, pave the way toward an optimal benchmark. Results: Here, we provide an R package, IMMAN, as a tool for reconstructing Interolog Protein Network (IPN) by integrating several Protein-protein Interaction Networks (PPINs). Users can unify different PPINs to mine conserved common networks among species. IMMAN is designed to retrieve IPNs with different degrees of conservation to engage prediction analysis of protein functions according to their networks. Conclusions: IPN consists of evolutionarily conserved nodes and their related edges regarding low false positive rates, which can be considered as a gold standard network in the contexts of biological network analysis regarding to those PPINs which is derived from.Peer reviewe