Anaesthetic management of neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism

Neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHP) is a rare disease that presents in the first 6 months of life. It is almost invariably fatal unless a prompt diagnosis is made and urgent surgical intervention is instituted. Patients with hyperparathyroidism require special preoperative considerations. They require proper work-up from cardiac, renal and neurological point of view, correction of intravenous volume and electrolytes irregularities. We are presenting a case of an infant who started to have cyanosis and lethargy at 21st day of life. Initial diagnosis of pneumonia was made but later on diagnosed as hyperparathyroidism. He was planned for parathyroidectomy under general anaesthesia. He was induced with sevoflurane followed by fentanyl and atracurium and intubated with size 3.5 mm endotracheal tube (ETT). Later, he was maintained with isoflurane and O2/NO2. He was successfully extubated at the end of operation and was shifted to intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring

Shelf life extension of walnut kernels using rice starch-based edible coating formulations

The shelf life of raw walnut kernel is limited due to the influenced of various factors such as its chemical composition, storage condition and environments etc. The effects of five different rice starch-based edible coating formulations on the chemical, physicochemical and textural properties of coated walnut kernels were studied. The peroxide value, anisidine value, totox value, free fatty acid content, hexanal content, color, moisture content, and textural properties were monitored in coated walnuts stored at accelerated temperature (60°C). Results indicated that the coated walnuts had a better quality in terms oxidative stability based on all the chemical indicators of rancidity, and a firmer texture when compared to the uncoated ones, even after 20 days of storage at high temperature. The walnut kernels that were coated with the basic rice starch formulation can be stored longer than the uncoated control samples i.e. with additional of 6 to7 days at 60°C. However, the color of the coated sample was significantly (P≤0.05) lighter than the control group with L values of 49.86 and 46.88, respectively. The predicted shelf life based on calculation showed that the shelf life of the walnut kernels can be extended to 1024 days from 160 days at storage temperature of 20 ± 2°C.It can be concluded that the physicochemical and storage qualities of walnut kernels can be improved by addition of palm oil or chitosan to the rice starch-based edible coating formulations

An Unsupervised Approach for Sentiment Analysis on Social Media Short Text Classification in Roman Urdu

During the last two decades, sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining, has become one of the most explored research areas in Natural Language Processing (NIP) and data mining. Sentiment analysis focuses on the sentiments or opinions of consumers expressed over social media or different web sites. Due to exposure on the Internet, sentiment analysis has attracted vast numbers of researchers over the globe. A large amount of research has been conducted in English, Chinese, and other languages used worldwide. However, Roman Urdu has been neglected despite being the third most used language for communication in the world, covering millions of users around the globe. Although some techniques have been proposed for sentiment analysis in Roman Urdu, these techniques are limited to a specific domain or developed incorrectly due to the unavailability of language resources available for Roman Urdu. Therefore, in this article, we are proposing an unsupervised approach for sentiment analysis in Roman Urdu. First, the proposed model normalizes the text to overcome spelling variations of different words. After normalizing text, we have used Roman Urdu and English opinion lexicons to correctly identify users\u27 opinions from the text. We have also incorporated negation terms and stemming to assign polarities to each extracted opinion. Furthermore, our model assigns a score to each sentence on the basis of the polarities of extracted opinions and classifies each sentence as positive, negative, or neutral. In order to verify our approach, we have conducted experiments on two publicly available datasets for Roman Urdu and compared our approach with the existing model. Results have demonstrated that our approach outperforms existing models for sentiment analysis tasks in Roman Urdu. Furthermore, our approach does not suffer from domain dependency

Development of Cloud Computing and Security Issues

In past three decades, the computing world is based on the Internet, featured by the rapid development and application of computer technology. The cloud computing model is one of the very important  shapes of a new era. This technology based on the distributed  computing, parallel computing, grid computing, Virtualization technologies, property- based remote attestation technologies, etc.  The cloud computing market and development are growing rapidly and bringing up numerous challenges and big  security issues of the today's world. Some  issues concern on the cloud computing is  the security and confidentiality of user data in terms of its location, relocation, availability and security. In this paper we will focus on the basic way of cloud computing development, growths and common security issues arising from the usage of cloud services. Keywords: Cloud computing, Security, Saas, Cloud Security, Internet

Evolution of Epigenome as the Blueprint for Carcinogenesis

Epigenetics “above or over genetics” is the term used for processes that result in modifications which are stably inherited through cell generations, without changing the underlying DNA sequence of the cell. These include DNA methylation, Post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNAs. Over the last two decades, interest in the field of epigenetics has grown manifold because of the realization of its involvement in key cellular and pathological processes beyond what was initially anticipated. Epigenetics and chromatin biology have been underscored to play key roles in diseases like cancer. The landscape of different epigenetic signatures can vary considerably from one cancer type to another, and even from one ethnic group to another in the case of same cancer. This chapter discusses the emerging role of epigenetics and chromatin biology in the field of cancer research. It discusses about the different forms of epigenetic mechanisms and their respective role in carcinogenesis in the light of emerging research

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Due to Urinary Tract Obstruction: A Systematic Review

Background: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) due to obstructive uropathy is not widely known by physicians and hence not well represented in the literature. To better understand its presentation, clinical course, and available treatments, we conducted a systematic review of case reports on NDI due to urinary tract obstruction.Methods: This observational study was a systematic review of 19 human cases found in the literature. It was done retrospectively to focus on whether NDI can occur due to obstruction of the urinary tract and, if so, what the mechanism (pathophysiology) is.Results: We found that the most common symptom of NDI due to urinary tract obstruction was polyuria. The most common cause of NDI due to urinary tract obstruction was cancer. The most common site for obstruction was the ureter. And the most common test used to confirm the diagnosis was failure to concentrate urine after the administration of desmopressin. Surgical intervention was the most common treatment to relieve obstruction.Conclusion: We found that urinary tract obstruction can cause NDI. With early diagnosis and timely relief of the obstruction, NDI can be reversible

Application of filament winding technology in composite pressure vessels and challenges : A review

The filament winding (FW) technology is one of the emerging manufacturing practices with a high degree of excellence and automation that has revolutionized gas storage and transportation doctrine. Various pressure vessels have evolved in the last few decades, from metal to fiber-reinforced tanks, primarily for weight savings and high-pressure ratings; advantageously, Type 4 composite pressure vessels (CPVs) can affect fuel gas tanks' weight savings to 75% compared to metallic vessels. As a result, composite pipelines and CPV manufacturing through FW technology have proliferated. Though many design and manufacturing challenges are associated with various process factors involved in winding technology, careful considerations are needed to create a reliable product. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the various process parameters, their combined effects, and the associated challenges while designing and fabricating filament-wound structures. This article reviews the FW technique's utility, its evolution, various process parameters, and the CPVs as an emerging contender for high-pressure gas and cryo fluid storage. In addition, different optimization techniques, numerical analysis strategies, and challenges are summarized with related disputes and suggestions

Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019 a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019

IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record*

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations