Finding events in temporal networks : segmentation meets densest subgraph discovery

In this paper, we study the problem of discovering a timeline of events in a temporal network. We model events as dense subgraphs that occur within intervals of network activity. We formulate the event discovery task as an optimization problem, where we search for a partition of the network timeline into k non-overlapping intervals, such that the intervals span subgraphs with maximum total density. The output is a sequence of dense subgraphs along with corresponding time intervals, capturing the most interesting events during the network lifetime. A naïve solution to our optimization problem has polynomial but prohibitively high running time. We adapt existing recent work on dynamic densest subgraph discovery and approximate dynamic programming to design a fast approximation algorithm. Next, to ensure richer structure, we adjust the problem formulation to encourage coverage of a larger set of nodes. This problem is NP-hard; however, we show that on static graphs a simple greedy algorithm leads to approximate solution due to submodularity. We extend this greedy approach for temporal networks, but we lose the approximation guarantee in the process. Finally, we demonstrate empirically that our algorithms recover solutions with good quality.Peer reviewe

Finding events in temporal networks: Segmentation meets densest-subgraph discovery

International audienceIn this paper we study the problem of discovering a timeline of events in a temporal network. We model events as dense subgraphs that occur within intervals of network activity. We formulate the event-discovery task as an optimization problem, where we search for a partition of the network timeline into k non-overlapping intervals, such that the intervals span subgraphs with maximum total density. The output is a sequence of dense subgraphs along with corresponding time intervals, capturing the most interesting events during the network lifetime. A naïve solution to our optimization problem has polynomial but prohibitively high running time complexity. We adapt existing recent work on dynamic densest-subgraph discovery and approximate dynamic programming to design a fast approximation algorithm. Next, to ensure richer structure, we adjust the problem formulation to encourage coverage of a larger set of nodes. This problem is NP-hard even for static graphs. However, on static graphs a simple greedy algorithm leads to approximate solution due to submodularity. We extended this greedy approach for the case of temporal networks. However, the approximation guarantee does not hold. Nevertheless, according to the experiments, the algorithm finds good quality solutions

Ventilation rates and thermal comfort assessment in a naturally ventilated classroom

Ventilation systems are meant (i) to guarantee good indoor air quality (IAQ) by providing and distributing fresh air to the occupied/breathing zone and (ii) to dilute and remove pollutants emitted by indoor sources. On the other hand, inadequate ventilation rates can induce discomfort issues and excessive energy consumption. This study focuses on the performance assessment of natural ventilation strategies in university classrooms, which are characterized by a high occupancy level and the necessity to provide high levels of comfort to perform intellectual work. The high occupancy level creates challenging conditions both in terms of internal gains and CO2 concentration. This paper presents an experimental performance assessment of four natural ventilation strategies applied to a university classroom: single side ventilation, cross ventilation, stack ventilation with and without window supply. Each strategy is evaluated in terms of thermal comfort and air change rate measurements. Thermal comfort assessment were performed during occupancy period (physical parameter measurements and questionnaires) whereas air change rate measurements, based on tracer gas techniques, were performed during unoccupied periods

Bilateral selective laryngeal reinnervation in patients with bilateral vocal cord palsy

Objective: Bilateral selective reinnervation of the larynx aims to restore both vocal cord tone and abductor movements in patients with bilateral vocal cord palsy. Methods: Four females and one male treated by bilateral selective reinnervation of the larynx were included in the present study. In all cases, both posterior cricoarytenoid muscles were reinnervated using the C3 right phrenic nerve root through the great auricular nerve graft, while adductor muscle tone was bilaterally restored using the thyrohyoid branches of the hypoglossal nerve through transverse cervical nerve grafts. Results: After a minimum follow-up of 48 months, all patients were successfully tracheostomy free and had recovered normal swallowing. At laryngoscopy, the first patient recovered a left unilateral partial abductor movement, the second had complete bilateral abductor movements, the third did not show improvements of abductor movements, but symptomatology was improved, the fourth recovered partial bilateral abductor movements and the fifth case did not show improvements and needed posterior cordotomy. Conclusions: Bilateral selective laryngeal reinnervation, although a complex surgical procedure, offers a more physiologic recovery in the treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Selection criteria still needs to be precisely defined to avoid unexpected failures

Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 4

In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Campylopus, Paludella, Tortula, and Conocephalum, the fungal genera Agonimia, Buelliella, Entorrhiza, Filicupula, Poronia, and Sporisorium, the lichen genera Cladonia, Dibaeis, Lasallia, and Rhizocarpon

nanoparticles production and inclusion in s aureus incubated with polyurethane an electron microscopy analysis

This study shows that submicron/nanoparticles found in bacterial cells (S. aureus) incubated with polyurethane (a material commonly used for prostheses in odontostomatology) are a consequence of biodestruction. The presence of polyurethane nanoparticles into bacterial vesicles suggests that the internalization process occurs through endocytosis. TEM and FIB/SEM are a suitable set of correlated instruments and techniques for this multi facet investigation: polyurethane particles influence the properties of S. aureus from the morpho-functional standpoint that may have undesirable effects on the human body. S. aureus and C. albicans are symbiotic microorganisms; it was observed that C. albicans has a similar interaction with polyurethane and an increment of the biodestruction capacity is expected by its mutual work with S. aureus

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage 653 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage 653 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage 653 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 \ub1 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage 653 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage 653 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening