Influence of dental materials for fillings of proximal preparations on oxidative stress parameters in gingival crevicular fluid

Sažetak: Biokompatibilnost dentalnih materijala (DRMs) može se proceniti ispitivanjem statusa oksidativnog stresa (OS) gingivalne crevikularne tečnosti (GCF). Cilj ove studije bio je da se utvrdi uticaj stepena dentalnog karijesa, pozicije zuba, tipa i količine primenjenog restorativnog materijala (DRMs) na OS profil u GCF. U tu svrhu ispitivano je šest restorativnih materijala DRMs koji su korišćeni u tretmanu: amalgam (Amg), kompoziti: TetricEvoCeram (TEC) i Beautifil (BF), fosfatni cement - cink-fosfat (ZPhC) i polikarboksilatni cementi - cink polikarboksilatni cementi (ZpoC) i glas-jonomer cement (GIC). Materijal i metode Studijom je obuhvaćeno 88 ispitanika. Osim na početku (0-ti dan), ispitanici su kontrolisani 7-og i 30-tog dana. Parametri oksidativnog stresa nivoi malondialdehida (MDA) i glutationa (GSH) i ukupna aktivnost superoksid dismutaze (tSOD) su mereni pre (0-ti dan) i posle tretmana (7 i 30-tog dana) u GCF. Kontrolni zdravi zubi su pozicionirani kao odraz u ogledalu. Rezultati: Dentalni karijes inicira neznatan porast OS u GCF. Primena različitih restorativnih materijala dovela je do sledećih efekata (efekti se smanjuju po navedenom redosledu): porast GSH u GCF: ZpoC>BF>GIC>Amg, porast aktivnosti tSOD: ZpoC>BF>Amg; i smanjenje MDA: ZpoC>ZPhC>Amg >TEC. ZpoC i ZPhC su pokazali najveći antioksidativni efekat, nasuprot GIC. Zaključak: Restauracije sa materijalima koji imaju antioksidativna svojstva mogu da redukuju bolesti desni inicirane karijesnom lezijom, što je od bitne kliničke važnosti u stomatologiji.Abstract: Biocompatibility of dental materials (DMs) can be evaluated by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and oxidative stress (OS) status. The goal of the study was to ascertain influence of dental caries degree, teeth position and type and amount of applied DM on GCF OS profile. For this purpose we tested six DRMs that were used in one session: amalgam (Amg), composites: TetricEvoCeram (TEC) and Beautifil (BF), phosphate cement - zinc phosphate (ZPhC) and polycarboxylate cements - zinc polycarboxylate cements (ZpoC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Material and Methods: The study included 88 dental outpatients. Follow up was scheduled on the 7th and 30th day. Oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD]) activity were measured before (day zero) and after the treatment (7th and 30th day) in GCF. Healthy control teeth were positioned as reflection in the mirror. Results: Dental caries provokes insignificant rise of OS in GCF. The DMs accomplished following effects (listed in descending order): increase of GSH in GCF: ZPoC>BF>GIC>Amg; tSOD activity increase: ZPoC>BF>Amg; and MDA decrease: ZPoC>ZPhC>Amg>TEC. ZPoC and ZPhC showed the highest antioxidant effect, contrary to GIC. Conclusion: Restorations with antioxidant properties may reduce gum diseases initiated by caries lesion, which is of great clinical relevance in dentistry

Variation of the cytokine profiles in gingival crevicular fluid between different groups of periodontally healthy teeth

© 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. Profiling of biomarkers of physiological process represents an integrative part in optimisation of diagnostic markers in order to adjust the diagnostic ranges to the potential effects of the local factors such occlusal forces in case of periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was estimation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and IFNγ concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) between different groups of teeth. Two hundred fifty-nine systemically healthy non-smokers having at least one vital tooth without restorations, with healthy periodontal tissues, were clinically examined and the GCF sample was retrieved. The cytokine levels were estimated using flow cytometry and compared between central incisors (CI), lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context

Varijacija profila citokina u gingivalnoj zglobnoj tečnosti između različitih grupa parodontalno zdravih zuba

Profiling of biomarkers of physiological process represents an integrative part in optimisation of diagnostic markers in order to adjust the diagnostic ranges to the potential effects of the local factors such occlusal forces in case of periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was estimation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL- 6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and IFNγ concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) between different groups of teeth. Two hundred fifty-nine systemically healthy non-smokers having at least one vital tooth without restorations, with healthy periodontal tissues, were clinically examined and the GCF sample was retrieved. The cytokine levels were estimated using flow cytometry and compared between central incisors (CI), lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context.Profilisanje biomarkera fiziološkog procesa predstavlja integrativni deo optimalizacije dijagnostičkih markera, kako bi se dijagnostički rasponi prilagodili potencijalnim uticajima lokalnih faktora poput okluzijskih sila u slučaju parodontalnih tkiva. Cilj ove studije bila je procena koncentracija IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL- 22, TNFα i IFNγ u uzorcima gingivalne tečnosti (GT) kod različitih grupa zuba. Klinički je pregledano dvesta pedeset devet sistemski zdravih nepušača sa najmanje jednim vitalnim zubom bez restauracija, sa zdravim parodontalnim tkivima, i uzet je GT uzorak. Nivoi citokina procenjeni su protočnom citometrijom i upoređeni između centralnih sekutića (CS), bočnih sekutića, očnjaka, prvih i drugih premolara, kao i prvih i drugih kutnjaka. Profil citokina varirao je između različitih grupa zuba sa tendencijom povećanja pro-upalnih citokina od prednjih zuba do kutnjaka. Molari se mogu smatrati zubima sa prirodnom predispozicijom za bržu resorpciju kosti, dok bi podešavanje dijagnostičkog raspona parodontalnih biomarkera za prednje ili zadnje zube trebalo razmotriti unutar dijagnostičkog konteksta

Estimating the Effects of Dental Caries and Its Restorative Treatment on Periodontal Inflammatory and Oxidative Status: A Short Controlled Longitudinal Study

Dental caries and periodontitis are among the most common health conditions that are currently recognized as growing socio-economic problems relating to their increasing prevalence, negative socio-economic impact, and harmful effects on systemic health. So far, the exact effects of caries and standard restorative materials on periodontal inflammatory and oxidative status are not established. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of caries and its restoration using standard temporary and permanent filling materials on a panel of 16 inflammatory and oxidative markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy individuals, 7 (D7) and 30 (D30) days post-restoration, while the intact teeth represented the control. One hundred ninety systemically and periodontally healthy patients with occlusal caries underwent standard cavity preparation and restorations with one of six standard temporary or permanent restorative material according to indication and randomization scheme. Interleukin (IL)-2, IFN- g, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-13, IL-9, IL-10, IL-6, IL-5, IL-4, IL-22, TNF-a, IL1- b, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, and reduced form of glutathione were measured in GCF samples by flowcytometry and spectrophotometry in aid of commercial diagnostic assays. Caries affected teeth exhibited significantly increased IL-1 b, IL-17, IL- 22, and TBARS and decreased IL-9 concentrations compared to healthy controls. Treatment generally resulted in an increased antioxidant capacity with exception of zinc-polycarboxylate cement showing distinctive inflammatory pattern. Comparison of inflammatory and oxidative profiles in temporary and permanent restorations showed material-specific patterning which was particularly expressed in temporary materials plausibly related to greater caries extension. Caries affected teeth exhibited a balanced inflammatory pattern in GCF, with a general tendency of homeostatic re-establishment following treatment. Restorative materials did not provide specific pathological effects, although some material groups did exhibit significantly elevated levels of inflammatory and oxidative markers compared to healthy controls, while the material-specific patterning was observed as well

Influence of Dental Restorations on Oxidative Stress in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Biocompatibility of dental materials (DM) can be evaluated by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) oxidative stress (OS) status. The goal of the study was to ascertain influence of dental caries degree, teeth position, and type and amount of applied DM on GCF OS profile. For this purpose, we tested six DMs that were sealed in one session: amalgam (Amg), composites: Tetric EvoCeram and Beautifil (BF), phosphate cement-zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements zinc polycarboxylate cements, and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The study included 88 dental outpatients. Follow-up was scheduled at 7th and 30th day. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD) activity) were measured before (0th day) and after the treatment (7th and 30th day) in GCF. Control teeth were mirror-positioned healthy teeth. The DM accomplished the following effects (listed in descending order): increase of GSH in GCF was realized by ZPoC > BF > GIC > Amg; tSOD activity increase by ZPoC > BF > Amg; and MDA decrease by ZPoC > ZPhC > Amg > TEC. Dental caries provokes insignificant rise of OS in GCF. ZPoC and ZPhC showed the highest antioxidant effect, contrary to GIC. Restorations with antioxidant properties may reduce gum diseases initiated by caries lesion, what is of great clinical relevance in dentistry

Influence of dental materials for fillings of proximal preparations on oxidative stress parameters in gingival crevicular fluid

Sažetak: Biokompatibilnost dentalnih materijala (DRMs) može se proceniti ispitivanjem statusa oksidativnog stresa (OS) gingivalne crevikularne tečnosti (GCF). Cilj ove studije bio je da se utvrdi uticaj stepena dentalnog karijesa, pozicije zuba, tipa i količine primenjenog restorativnog materijala (DRMs) na OS profil u GCF. U tu svrhu ispitivano je šest restorativnih materijala DRMs koji su korišćeni u tretmanu: amalgam (Amg), kompoziti: TetricEvoCeram (TEC) i Beautifil (BF), fosfatni cement - cink-fosfat (ZPhC) i polikarboksilatni cementi - cink polikarboksilatni cementi (ZpoC) i glas-jonomer cement (GIC). Materijal i metode Studijom je obuhvaćeno 88 ispitanika. Osim na početku (0-ti dan), ispitanici su kontrolisani 7-og i 30-tog dana. Parametri oksidativnog stresa nivoi malondialdehida (MDA) i glutationa (GSH) i ukupna aktivnost superoksid dismutaze (tSOD) su mereni pre (0-ti dan) i posle tretmana (7 i 30-tog dana) u GCF. Kontrolni zdravi zubi su pozicionirani kao odraz u ogledalu. Rezultati: Dentalni karijes inicira neznatan porast OS u GCF. Primena različitih restorativnih materijala dovela je do sledećih efekata (efekti se smanjuju po navedenom redosledu): porast GSH u GCF: ZpoC>BF>GIC>Amg, porast aktivnosti tSOD: ZpoC>BF>Amg; i smanjenje MDA: ZpoC>ZPhC>Amg >TEC. ZpoC i ZPhC su pokazali najveći antioksidativni efekat, nasuprot GIC. Zaključak: Restauracije sa materijalima koji imaju antioksidativna svojstva mogu da redukuju bolesti desni inicirane karijesnom lezijom, što je od bitne kliničke važnosti u stomatologiji.Abstract: Biocompatibility of dental materials (DMs) can be evaluated by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and oxidative stress (OS) status. The goal of the study was to ascertain influence of dental caries degree, teeth position and type and amount of applied DM on GCF OS profile. For this purpose we tested six DRMs that were used in one session: amalgam (Amg), composites: TetricEvoCeram (TEC) and Beautifil (BF), phosphate cement - zinc phosphate (ZPhC) and polycarboxylate cements - zinc polycarboxylate cements (ZpoC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Material and Methods: The study included 88 dental outpatients. Follow up was scheduled on the 7th and 30th day. Oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD]) activity were measured before (day zero) and after the treatment (7th and 30th day) in GCF. Healthy control teeth were positioned as reflection in the mirror. Results: Dental caries provokes insignificant rise of OS in GCF. The DMs accomplished following effects (listed in descending order): increase of GSH in GCF: ZPoC>BF>GIC>Amg; tSOD activity increase: ZPoC>BF>Amg; and MDA decrease: ZPoC>ZPhC>Amg>TEC. ZPoC and ZPhC showed the highest antioxidant effect, contrary to GIC. Conclusion: Restorations with antioxidant properties may reduce gum diseases initiated by caries lesion, which is of great clinical relevance in dentistry

EDX analyisis of metal-ceramic interfaces of recasted nickel-chromium dental alloys

This research was performed to establish recasting effects of nickel-chromium dental alloys on the composition of their metal-ceramic interface in making fixed partial dentures. The metal-ceramic interface determines denture functional integrity and prevents damages on ceramics during mastication. Recycling of nickel-chromium alloys is often a practice, without detailed knowledge about possible effects on the composition of the metal-ceramic interface. Investigation of metal-ceramic samples is intended to show if base metal alloys for metal-ceramics are successfully recycled without any composition change in the metal-ceramic interface. The research was performed as an experimental study in which six metal-ceramic samples of nickel-chromium alloy “Wiron 99” (Bego, Germany) were made. Alloy residues were recycled through twelve casting generations with the addition of 50 wt% of the new alloy on the occasion of every recasting. EDX analysis was performed by using the “Inca X Sight” apparatus (Oxford Instruments, UK) and a SEM device JSM 6460 LV (JEOL, Japan). This appliance was used in conjunction with the PC software for quantification of chemical elements in order to determine the composition of metal-ceramic interfaces. Results of this research revealed significant differences between compositions of metal-ceramic interfaces in every examined recycle generation. Recasting had a negative effect on alloy components, which concentration is decreasing in the metal-ceramic junction zone. The concentration of cerium in the intermediate phase decreased the most, followed by concentrations of niobium, molybdenum, nickel and chromium. Results showed a permanent reduction of metal components up to the 12th generation of recycling. Cerium concentration (wt%) decreased from 28 to 16.26 %, nickel concentration from 3.31 to 1.82 % and chromium concentration from 2.95 to 2.03 %. Similarly, the molybdenum content decreased from 8.71to 4.68 wt%, while that of niobium from 9.82 to 3.97 wt%. Therefore, recasting of nickel-chromium alloys is not recommended because of changed composition of the metal-ceramic interface of these alloys

Effect of dental caries on periodontal inflammatory status: A split-mouth study.

OBJECTIVE This controlled split-mouth study aimed to estimate the effect of caries and related treatment on concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-13, IL-10, IL-6, IL-5, IL-4, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL1-β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of caries affected teeth before (B), 7 (7D) and 30 (30D) days post-treatment and to compare them with concentrations from healthy teeth. DESIGN Study population included 81 systemically and periodontally healthy non-smokers exhibiting at least one shallow occlusal/ inter-proximal caries and one healthy tooth from the same morphologic group at the contralateral position. Following clinical exam, the GCF samples were collected baseline as well as 7D and 30D, while the biomarker measurement was performed using multiplex flowcytometry. RESULTS Caries affected teeth exhibited significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 when compared to healthy teeth. Post-treatment cytokines levels showed general trend of increase when compared to baseline, that was significant for IL-22 and IL-17 at 7D, while IFN-γ was significantly increased at 7D compared to the healthy teeth. At 30D, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-4 levels were significantly increased when compared to healthy teeth, while IL-2 levels were significantly higher than baseline levels. CONCLUSION Considering significantly increased periodontal levels of inflammatory markers in caries affected teeth and in response to performed treatment, it seems that dental caries and related restorative treatment might contribute to periodontal inflammation via additive effects already in early-stage caries

Variation of the Cytokine Profiles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Between Different Groups of Periodontally Healthy Teeth

Profiling of biomarkers of physiological process represents an integrative part in optimisation of diagnostic markers in order to adjust the diagnostic ranges to the potential effects of the local factors such occlusal forces in case of periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was estimation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and IFNγ concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) between different groups of teeth. Two hundred fifty-nine systemically healthy non-smokers having at least one vital tooth without restorations, with healthy periodontal tissues, were clinically examined and the GCF sample was retrieved. The cytokine levels were estimated using flow cytometry and compared between central incisors (CI), lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context

Influence of dental filling material type on the concentration of interleukin 9 in the samples of gingival crevicular fluid

Background/Aim. Several cytokines and lymphokines (IL1β, ENA78, IL6, TNFα, IL8 and S100A8) are expressed during dental pulp inflammation. Analysis of gingival crevicu-lar fluid (GCF) offers a non-invasive means of studying gen-eral host response in oral cavity. Although GCF levels of various mediators could reflect the state of inflammation both in dental pulp and gingiva adjacent to a tooth, GCF samples of those without significant gingivitis could be inter-preted as reflection of pulpal process. The aim of this study was to investigate IL9 GCF values in patients with dental car-ies and to assess possible influence of various dental fillings materials on local IL9 production. Methods. The study group included 90 patients, aged 18–70, with inclusion and exclusion criteria in the prospective clinical study. Of the 6 types of material used for the restoration of prepared cavities, 3 were intended for temporary and 3 for definitive restora-tion. According to dental fillings weight, all the participants were divided into 3 groups: those with fillings lighter than 0.50 g, those with 0.50–1.00 g, and those with fillings heavier than 1.00 g. Samples were taken from gingival sulcus using the filter paper technique. Clinical parameters were deter-mined by bleeding index, plaque index (Silness-Lou, 0–3), gingival index (0–3), and gingival sulcus depth. Cytokine con-centrations were assessed using commercially available cy-tomix. Results. According to the weight of dental fillings, there was a clear decreament trend of IL9 values meaning that dental defects greater than 1.00 g of dental filling were associated with lower GCF IL9 concentration. The IL9 val-ues correlated with the degree of gingival index and depth of gingival sulcus, being higher with more advanced gingivitis and more pronounced anatomical changes in the tooth edge. Different filling materials exerted various local IL9 responses. Zink polycarbonate cement and amalgam fillings induced a significant and long-lasting local IL9 decrement, while the use of Tetric EvoCeram and GMA-BISK significantly increased IL9 levels. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that IL9 GCF could be regarded as a measure of odontoblasts’ re-sponse to the extensity of dental caries. The type of material used for dental fillings could profoundly alter biological func-tion of gingival and pulpal cells. Also, the results obtained in this study suggest that some materials could even enhance wound repair by modulating macrophage activation