Effects of Vitamin E and Vitamin C supplementation on plasma lipid peroxidation and on Oxidation of apo-lipoprotein B-Containing lipoproteins in experimental hyperthyroidism

Increasing numbers of experimental and epidemiological studies suggest the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of various disease entities. Similarly, oxidative processes have been implicated as playing roles in the genesis of hyperthyroidism-induced damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin E and vitamin C on plasma lipid peroxidation and the susceptibility of apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing lipoproteins to oxidation in experimental hyperthyroidism. The study animals were initially divided into a control group (Group C) and a hyperthyroid group. The latter was further re-grouped later according to their vitamin supplementation status:Hyperthyroid group without vitamin supplementation (Group H), hyperthyroid group with vitamin E supplementation (Group H+E) and hyperthyroid group with vitamin C supplementation (Group H+C). Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured as an indicator of plasma lipid peroxidation. The apo B-containing lipoproteins were separated by precipitation and incubated with copper sulphate. The MDA levels of this non-HDL fraction were measured prior to and after 1, 2 and 3 hours of incubation. Plasma MDA levels showed no significant differences among groups. Whereas MDA levels measured in non-HDL fraction were significantly higher in Group H than Group C. Group H+E and Group H+C had significantly lower MDA levels than Group H in all these measurements. This finding strongly indicates an increased susceptibility of apo B-containing lipoproteins to oxidation in hyperthyroidism, and that vitamin E as well as vitamin C supplementation protect these lipoproteins from copper-induced oxidation

An investigation of the dose distribution effect related with collimator angle in volumetric arc therapy of prostate cancer

To investigate the dose-volume variations of planning target volume (PTV) and organ at risks (OARs) in eleven prostate cancer patients planned with single and double arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) when varying collimator angle. Single and double arc VMAT treatment plans were created using Monaco5.0 (R) with collimator angle set to 0 degrees. All plans were normalized 7600 cGy dose to the 95% of clinical target volume (CTV) volume. The single arc VMAT plans were reoptimized with different collimator angles (0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90 degrees), and for double arc VMAT plans (0-0 degrees, 15 degrees-345, 30-330 degrees, 45-315 degrees, 60-300 degrees, 75-285 degrees, 90-270 degrees) using the same optimization parameters. For the comparison the parameters of heterogeneity index (HI), dose-volume histogram and minimum dose to the 95% of PTV volume (D95 PTV) calculated and analyzed. The best plans were verified using 2 dimensional ion chamber array IBA Matrixx (R) and three-dimensional IBA Compass (R) program. The comparison between calculation and measurement were made by the gamma-index (3%/3 mm) analysis. A higher D95 (PTV) were found for single arc VMAT with 15 degrees collimator angle. For double arc, VMAT with 60-300 degrees and 75-285 degrees collimator angles. However, lower rectum doses obtained for 75-285 degrees collimator angles. There was no significant dose difference, based on other OARs which are bladder and femur head. When we compared single and double arc VMAT's D95 (PTV), we determined 2.44% high coverage and lower HI with double arc VMAT. All plans passed the gamma-index (3%/3 mm) analysis with more than 97% of the points and we had an average gamma-index for CTV 0.36, for PTV 0.32 with double arc VMAT. These results were significant by Wilcoxon signed rank test statistically. The results show that dose coverage of target and OAR's doses also depend significantly on the collimator angles due to the geometry of target and OARs. Based on the results we have decided to plan prostate cancer patients in our clinic with double arc VMAT and 75 degrees-285 degrees collimator angles

Microfocus X-ray tomography data set of boiling flow in vertical rod bundle with spacer grid at constant heat flux condition

The test section of the rod bundle experimental facility at HZDR consists of a vertically aligned PMMA channel with an upward flow of the working fluid. The cross-section of the channel is quadratic (inner edge length: 37 mm) and contains nine directly electrically heated rods (material: titanium-alloy, diameter: 10 mm, wall thickness: 0.3 mm) which are arranged in an orthogonal 3 by 3 matrix (rod axis distance: 12.8 mm). Circa 190 mm downstream of the start of the heating zone a 30 mm long spacer for the rods with tilted flow guiding vanes is mounted. These vanes are aimed to increase lateral flow velocities within the subchannels. Working fluid was octafluorocyclobutane (CAS 115-25-3, RC318). The experimental facility is comprehensively instrumented for measurement of flow, temperature and pressure/pressure difference. For non-invasive three-dimensional high-resolution measurement of a temporally averaged volumetric void fraction within the working fluid flowing around the heating rods in the subchannels an X-ray computer tomography measurement system was set up. The presented dataset contains measurement data of the experimental facility's instrumentation and tomographic void fraction data of experiments with four different configurations of the flow guiding vanes (without vanes, 20°, 29°, 40°) for four different flow velocities between 0.4 m/s and 1.3 m/s at a heat flow density of 85.7 kW/m².The data was acquired within a research project which was funded by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany under grant number 1501473C

Numerical investigation on the effect of transversal fluid field deformation on heat transfer in a rod bundle with mixing vanes

Spacer grids of fuel rod assemblies are equipped with vanes, which promote flow mixing and turbulence within and across the sub-channels, thereby enhancing the heat transfer. First, a literature study about the various effect of the spacer grid has on the sub-channel thermo-hydrodynamics is provided. It follows, that the multiple effects on the vane angle are insufficiently understood. The effect of the vane angle on design parameters, namely the evolution of the Nusselt number, the pressure drop, the cross and swirl flows, is here further discussed and supplemented by own simulations. The effect of the velocity gradient tensor V circle times u, decomposed into a strain and a vorticity contribution, is also looked at downstream of the spacer grid. The RNG k-epsilon turbulence model was found to provide results best matching the experimental data available in the literature. The use of vanes results in the formation of a downstream vortex. As the flow develops downstream of the spacer grid, the vortex migrates away from the sub-channel center and eventually weakens. In line with the presented literature survey, it is confirmed that a vane angle of about 30 degrees provides optimal swirl and cross flows, resulting in an enhanced heat transfer

Acute acetaminophene-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity; therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Acute acetaminophen (APAP) overdose has been shown to cause toxicity and the primary treatment medication is N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a sedative drug with known antioxidant properties. We researched whether DEX has an injury-reducing effect on toxicity

Protective and antigenotoxic effect of Ulva rigida C. Agardh in experimental hypothyroid

The presence of chromosomal damage in bone marrow cells affected by several diseases such as thyroid, cancer etc., was detected by the micronucleus (MN) assay. The present study was designed to evaluate: i) volatile components of Ulva rigida, ii) effects of hypothyroidism on bone marrow MN frequency, iii) effects of oral administration of Ulva rigida ethanolic extract (URE) on MN frequency produced by hypothyroidism, and iv) thyroid hormone levels in normal and 6-n-Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats. The volatile components of Ulva rigida was studied using a direct thermal desorption (DTD) technique with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS). UREadministration was of no significant impact on thyroid hormone levels in control group, while PTU administration decreased thyroid hormone levels compared to control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, UREsupplementation resulted in a significant decrease in MN frequency in each thyroid group (p < 0.0001). This is the first in vivo study that shows the strong antigenotoxic and protective effect of UREagainst the genotoxicity produced by hypothyroidism

Changes in the psychosocial and clinical profiles of anorexia nervosa patients during the pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures have increased the prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN), and recent studies demonstrated that approximately 70% of individuals diagnosed with AN experienced deterioration in symptoms. This study aimed to examine the psychosocial and clinical impacts on patients with AN during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study involved 35 female AN adolescents who were being treated at Ege University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department. To assess pre-pandemic symptom levels and daily life routines, a retrospective form utilizing the visual analog scale (VAS) was employed. Body mass index (BMI) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) data were recorded by an interviewer for all 35 patients who gave consent to participate in the study. Fifteen patients completed all the forms [VAS, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders Scale (SCARED), the Eating Attitudes Test, the Quality-of-Life Scale (QoLS), the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire, and the Turgay DSM-4 Based Screening and Evaluation Scale for Behavioral Disorders in Children and Adolescents] online in 2022. Clinical diagnosis and progress were assessed retrospectively using The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). The duration of the follow-up period and the number of psychiatric visits were obtained retrospectively from patient files. Retrospective data on pre-pandemic symptom levels and daily life routines were collected using the VAS. The mean age of AN patients was 16.67 ; PLUSMN; 1.63 years. Comorbid diseases were present in 73.33% of patients, and major depressive disorder (MDD) was the most common (46.66%). Mean scores indicated moderate levels of anxiety (SCARED score: 37.23 ; PLUSMN; 12.67) and depression (CDI score: 17.23 ; PLUSMN; 10.85). QoLS scores were negatively correlated with eating attitudes (r = -0.601, p = 0.039). Obsession level, exercise level, and screen time increased during the pandemic, while social activity, quality of education, and perception of learning decreased. BMI increased in all patients. Patients who completed the forms had a higher number of psychiatric visits compared to those who did not complete the forms (p = 0.033). The mean number of clinic visits was 26.27 ; PLUSMN; 20.33. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic had adverse effects on AN patients and disrupted their daily routines. These patients experienced high rates of comorbidities. The patients showed improvement in BMI scores, indicating the positive impact of treatment. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive psychiatric care and targeted interventions for AN patients during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic