Performance of Senepol females as oocyte donors / Desempenho de fêmeas Senepol como doadoras de oócitos

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the donor and the months of the year on the oocyte recovery rate in Senepol donors. Data on 604 follicular aspirations guided by ultrasound, performed on 33 healthy cows aged between two and seven years were evaluated. Data were made available through individual spreadsheets by a commercial company. All donors belonged to the same batch and breeding farm and were kept under the same food management. Viable and degenerate oocyte recovery rates and the effect of the month of collection and the individual factor of the donor were analyzed. Data were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test, with a significance level of 5%. A significant number of total (27.13 ± 14.38) and viable (23.17 ± 12.94) oocytes was observed. The number of grade I oocytes was high among the donors, and the number of total and grade II and III oocytes were the least altered between the months evaluated. There was an excellent number of oocytes recovered, with variation observed according to the donor and the month of the year evaluated. 

Perfil genético das linhagens de touros leiteiros Holandês e Jersey disponíveis no Brasil

The Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle breeds are among the most prevalent in Brazil. To evaluate differences among the PTAs (predicted transmitting abilities) of these breeds and their lines, data were collected on 385 Holstein bulls and 82 Jersey sires with semen commercially available from nine Brazilian companies. Three different sire lines for each breed were found. The general linear models method was used for the comparison among lines and between breeds. The two most prevalent lines of Holstein breed presented higher average PTAs for milk yield (1,061.04 pounds and 975.32 pounds) and lower PTAs for percentage of milk solids (from -0.05% to -0.0003%) (P<0.05). These results indicate the supply of sires that mostly increase the milk yield in the Brazilian market. The Jersey breed presented a higher inbreeding coefficient (6.62%) than the Holstein breed (5.14%) (P<0.05). Although the Holstein breed presented higher PTAs for milk yield and lower PTAs for percentage of milk solids (P<0.05), the productive life of the Jersey breed (1.17 months) was longer than it was in the Holstein breed (0.40 months) (P<0.05). We identified the existence of an important variability of the available genetic profiles, what allows the Brazilian producers to choose the most adequate semen for their production system. It is necessary to consider the genetic profiles of sires' lines offered for artificial insemination in Brazil to understand and direct the genetic pattern of Brazilian dairy cattle

Utilização de drone na identificação de vacas com dispositivo colante para auxiliar a detecção de estro / Use of a drone to identify cows with a sticky device to aid in estrus detection

The aim of this study was to evaluate images captured using a drone to determine the presence of estrus detection adhesives in bovine females. 56 healthy, reproductive age and extensively reared cows were used. An adhesive was attached to each female in the region of the caudal insertion to detect estrus. The animals were divided into seven experimental groups (n=8), as follows: Group 1 (control) - females without adhesive; Group 2 - females with adhesive without any scraping area (100% gray); Group 3 - females with dark rump coat with 50% green shaving adhesive; Group 4 - females with dark rump coat with 50% orange shaving adhesive; Group 5 - females with pale rump coat with 50% green shaving adhesive; Group 6 - females with pale rump coat with 50% orange peel adhesive; Group 7 - females with dark rump coat with 25% orange shaving adhesive. The presence, color and degree of scraping of the adhesive were analyzed according to the influence of flight time and height, coat color and the presence or absence of clouds at the time of image capture. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means to Tukey's test, at 5% significance. There was a statistical difference for the color of the sticker in relation to flight time and coat color (P&lt;0.05), and the flight performed in the late morning and the animals with dark-haired rump showed the best results. The analysis of photographs obtained using a drone showed reliable applicability in bovine females. 

Environmental and dam effects on cannibalism in Wistar rat litters

The factors related to cannibalistic behavior of dams in a Wistar rat colony are identified and analyzed. The maternal genetic effects were tested as a random effect by the method of generalized linear models. The season at parturition, the dam´s age at parturition and the density of the room at parturition were tested as fixed effects, whereas the litter size at birth was tested as a co-variable. The genetic effect of the dam was significant for the number of cannibalized pups. Although the season at parturition, the dam´s age and room density on the day of parturition were not individually significant (p > 0.05), most of the interactions between the variation sources were significant (p 0.05), most of the interactions between the variation sources were significant (p < 0.05). Cannibalism occurred mostly in dams aged over 241 days, with parturition during spring. So that occurrences of cannibalism could be avoided, dams with the smallest number of cannibalized pups should be selected, coupled to dams younger than 241 days, breeding during spring. The above strategies may reduce the number of couples in the vivarium and increase their production efficiency.

Correlações fenotípicas entre características de qualidade de carne em frangos

The goals of this research were to estimate the phenotypic correlations among various meat quality traits from a male broiler line and to describe the relation among these variables. Phenotypical correlations were determined among quality traits, isolating the effects of slaughter date, the age of the mother and sex. The evaluated traits were pH measurements taken at time 0 and at 6 and 24 hours after slaughtering, color parameters, water loss due to exudation, thawing and cooking of the meat, and shear force. Important associations (P<0.01) were found to be significant and, in most cases, weak or moderate, varying from -0.35 to 0.28. The initial pH of the meat was not associated (P&gt;0.05) to the other traits of the meat, whereas the pH at 24 hours after slaughter was able of directly interfering with the attributes of the meat, since this trait was inversely related with lightness and water losses, which indicates an effect of pH fall along 24h after slaughtering on protein denaturation. This study demonstrates that the variables of poultry meat quality are related and that there is a phenotypical association between lightness and cooking losses and the other attributes of the meat. The pH at 24 hours after slaughtering, lightness and cooking losses could be efficient meat quality indicators in this broiler line.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar as correlações fenotípicas entre as características de qualidade de carne de uma linhagem macho de frangos de corte. Para tanto, foram determinadas as correlações fenotípicas entre essas características, isolando-se os efeitos de data de abate, idade da mãe e sexo. As características avaliadas foram: medidas de pH inicial, em 6 e em 24 horas após o abate, parâmetros de cor, perdas por exsudação, descongelamento e cozimento da carne e força de cisalhamento. A maioria das associações obtidas foi de intensidade fraca a moderada, porém significativa, com magnitude variando entre -0,35 e 0,28. O pH inicial da carne não esteve associado de modo importante com as outras características de qualidade de carne (P&gt;0,05), enquanto o pH em 24 horas após o abate interferiu diretamente nos atributos da carne (P<0,01), estando inversamente relacionado com o teor de luminosidade e as perdas de água da carne, indicando um efeito da queda do pH ao longo das 24 horas após o abate na desnaturação protéica. Comprovou-se a existência da relação entre as variáveis de qualidade de carne em aves, havendo associação fenotípica entre o teor de luminosidade e as perdas por cozimento e as demais características avaliadas. Dessa forma, o pH em 24 horas após o abate, o teor de luminosidade e as perdas por cozimento da carne podem ser indicadores eficientes da qualidade da carne na linhagem estudada

Genetic profile of Holstein and Jersey dairy bull lines available in Brazil

The Holstein and Jersey dairy cattle breeds are among the most prevalent in Brazil. To evaluate differences among the PTAs (predicted transmitting abilities) of these breeds and their lines, data were collected on 385 Holstein bulls and 82 Jersey sires with semen commercially available from nine Brazilian companies. Three different sire lines for each breed were found. The general linear models method was used for the comparison among lines and between breeds. The two most prevalent lines of Holstein breed presented higher average PTAs for milk yield (1,061.04 pounds and 975.32 pounds) and lower PTAs for percentage of milk solids (from -0.05% to -0.0003%) (P<0.05). These results indicate the supply of sires that mostly increase the milk yield in the Brazilian market. The Jersey breed presented a higher inbreeding coefficient (6.62%) than the Holstein breed (5.14%) (P<0.05). Although the Holstein breed presented higher PTAs for milk yield and lower PTAs for percentage of milk solids (P<0.05), the productive life of the Jersey breed (1.17 months) was longer than it was in the Holstein breed (0.40 months) (P<0.05). We identified the existence of an important variability of the available genetic profiles, what allows the Brazilian producers to choose the most adequate semen for their production system. It is necessary to consider the genetic profiles of sires' lines offered for artificial insemination in Brazil to understand and direct the genetic pattern of Brazilian dairy cattle

University extension in control of stray dogs population for citizen’s transformation

Overpopulation of domestic animals is a serious problem and it results from human activity, so it is up to us to seek solutions. This article aimed at describing the activities conducted by the extension program "Population control of municipal stray dogs in São João del-Rei, MG" during its first five years. The program, which is permanent, has been conducted by the Federal University of São João del-Rei and it had the participation of the City Hall and several foster homes. The adoption of the castrated dogs and abandoned puppies, several educational awareness campaigns in schools and the castration of stray dogs were performed. Almost 300 castration and 280 adoptions were obtained and about 5,000 people were affected directly and indirectly by the educational campaigns and events performed by the program. Mainly, children composed the public of these campaigns, and we aimed at changing the way of thinking and acting of the small citizens and the public about stray dogs and animal care. Interdisciplinary actions were developed in partnership with students from Animal Science, Psychology and Communication courses in order to produce educational material and researches on undergrad level. Results showed the importance of interidisciplinary knowledge in finding resolutions for a common goal. The program has been able to directly and indirectly generate a discussion about this subject and affect the opinion and the behavior of the population. These results, when concomitant to the castration, have contributed to a long-term lower of the incidence of stray dogs in São João del-Rei city, Brazil

La extensión universitaria en el control poblacional de perros abandonados y transformación del cuidadano

Este artigo se refere à descrição das atividades realizadas pelo programa de extensão “Controle populacional de cães de rua do município de São João del-Rei, MG” durante seus cinco anos iniciais. O programa, que possui caráter contínuo, foi realizado pela Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, com a parceria da Prefeitura Municipal do mesmo município e contou com a participação de diversos lares temporários colaboradores. Possuiu como objetivos promover a esterilização de cães de rua, a adoção dos cães esterilizados e filhotes abandonados e a realização de campanhas educativas de conscientização sobre esterilização, adoção e maus-tratos a animais, em escolas e eventos realizados no município. Foram realizadas quase 300 esterilizações, mais de 280 adoções e cerca de 5 mil pessoas foram atingidas direta e indiretamente por campanhas educativas e eventos realizados pelo programa, público formado principalmente por crianças, onde buscou-se modificar o modo de pensar e agir dos pequenos cidadãos e da população frente ao problema de cães abandonados e cuidados com os animais. Foram desenvolvidas atividades interdisciplinares em parceria com estudantes dos cursos de Zootecnia, Comunicação Social e Psicologia, por meio de confecção de material educativo e pesquisas de iniciação científica. Os resultados mostram a importância da união de conhecimentos na busca de resoluções para um objetivo comum e demonstram que o programa tem conseguido de forma direta e indireta, gerar discussão sobre o assunto e afetar a formação de opinião e o modo de agir da população, resultado que concomitante à realização de esterilizações, tem contribuído para uma menor incidência, a longo prazo, de cães abandonados no município de São João del-Rei.Overpopulation of domestic animals is a serious problem and it results from human activity, so it is up to us to seek solutions. This article aimed at describing the activities conducted by the extension program "Population control of municipal stray dogs in São João del-Rei, MG" during its first five years. The program, which is permanent, has been conducted by the Federal University of São João del-Rei and it had the participation of the City Hall and several foster homes. The adoption of the castrated dogs and abandoned puppies, several educational awareness campaigns in schools and the castration of stray dogs were performed. Almost 300 castration and 280 adoptions were obtained and about 5,000 people were affected directly and indirectly by the educational campaigns and events performed by the program. Mainly, children composed the public of these campaigns, and we aimed at changing the way of thinking and acting of the small citizens and the public about stray dogs and animal care. Interdisciplinary actions were developed in partnership with students from Animal Science, Psychology and Communication courses in order to produce educational material and researches on undergrad level. Results showed the importance of interidisciplinary knowledge in finding resolutions for a common goal. The program has been able to directly and indirectly generate a discussion about this subject and affect the opinion and the behavior of the population. These results, when concomitant to the castration, have contributed to a long-term lower of the incidence of stray dogs in São João del-Rei city, Brazil.La superpoblación de animales domésticos es un problema serio y resultante de la actividad humana, por lo tanto, le toca a ella buscar por soluciones. Este artículo se refiere a la descripción de las actividades realizadas por el programa de extensión “Control de población de perros de calle del municipio de São João del-Rei, MG” durante sus cinco años iniciales. El programa, que tiene carácter continuo, fue realizado por la Universidad Federal de São João del-Rei, con la participación del Ayuntamiento del mismo municipio y contó con la participación de diversos hogares temporarios colaboradores. Tuvo como objetivos promover la esterilización de perros de calle, la adopción de los perros esterilizados y cachorros abandonados y la realización de campañas educativas de concientización sobre esterilización, adopción y malos tratos a animales, en escuelas y eventos realizados en el municipio. Fueron realizadas casi 300 esterilizaciones, más de 280 adopciones y cerca de cinco mil personas fueron alcanzadas directa e indirectamente por campañas educativas y eventos realizados por el programa, público formado principalmente por niños, donde se buscó modificar la forma de pensar y actuar de los pequeños ciudadanos y de la población frente al problema de los perros abandonados y cuidados con los animales. Fueron desarrolladas actividades interdisciplinares en conjunto con estudiantes de las carreras de Zootecnia, Comunicación Social  y Psicología, por medio de la confección de material educativo e investigaciones de iniciación científica. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la unión de conocimientos en la búsqueda de resoluciones para un objetivo común y demuestran que el programa ha conseguido, de forma directa e indirecta, generar discusiones sobre el asunto y afectar la formación de opinión y la forma de actuar de la población, resultado que concomitante a la realización de esterilizaciones, ha contribuido para una menor incidencia, a largo plazo, de perros abandonados en el municipio de São João del-Rei, Brasil

La extensión universitaria en el control poblacional de perros abandonados y transformación del cuidadano

Este artigo se refere à descrição das atividades realizadas pelo programa de extensão “Controle populacional de cães de rua do município de São João del-Rei, MG” durante seus cinco anos iniciais. O programa, que possui caráter contínuo, foi realizado pela Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, com a parceria da Prefeitura Municipal do mesmo município e contou com a participação de diversos lares temporários colaboradores. Possuiu como objetivos promover a esterilização de cães de rua, a adoção dos cães esterilizados e filhotes abandonados e a realização de campanhas educativas de conscientização sobre esterilização, adoção e maus-tratos a animais, em escolas e eventos realizados no município. Foram realizadas quase 300 esterilizações, mais de 280 adoções e cerca de 5 mil pessoas foram atingidas direta e indiretamente por campanhas educativas e eventos realizados pelo programa, público formado principalmente por crianças, onde buscou-se modificar o modo de pensar e agir dos pequenos cidadãos e da população frente ao problema de cães abandonados e cuidados com os animais. Foram desenvolvidas atividades interdisciplinares em parceria com estudantes dos cursos de Zootecnia, Comunicação Social e Psicologia, por meio de confecção de material educativo e pesquisas de iniciação científica. Os resultados mostram a importância da união de conhecimentos na busca de resoluções para um objetivo comum e demonstram que o programa tem conseguido de forma direta e indireta, gerar discussão sobre o assunto e afetar a formação de opinião e o modo de agir da população, resultado que concomitante à realização de esterilizações, tem contribuído para uma menor incidência, a longo prazo, de cães abandonados no município de São João del-Rei.Overpopulation of domestic animals is a serious problem and it results from human activity, so it is up to us to seek solutions. This article aimed at describing the activities conducted by the extension program "Population control of municipal stray dogs in São João del-Rei, MG" during its first five years. The program, which is permanent, has been conducted by the Federal University of São João del-Rei and it had the participation of the City Hall and several foster homes. The adoption of the castrated dogs and abandoned puppies, several educational awareness campaigns in schools and the castration of stray dogs were performed. Almost 300 castration and 280 adoptions were obtained and about 5,000 people were affected directly and indirectly by the educational campaigns and events performed by the program. Mainly, children composed the public of these campaigns, and we aimed at changing the way of thinking and acting of the small citizens and the public about stray dogs and animal care. Interdisciplinary actions were developed in partnership with students from Animal Science, Psychology and Communication courses in order to produce educational material and researches on undergrad level. Results showed the importance of interidisciplinary knowledge in finding resolutions for a common goal. The program has been able to directly and indirectly generate a discussion about this subject and affect the opinion and the behavior of the population. These results, when concomitant to the castration, have contributed to a long-term lower of the incidence of stray dogs in São João del-Rei city, Brazil.La superpoblación de animales domésticos es un problema serio y resultante de la actividad humana, por lo tanto, le toca a ella buscar por soluciones. Este artículo se refiere a la descripción de las actividades realizadas por el programa de extensión “Control de población de perros de calle del municipio de São João del-Rei, MG” durante sus cinco años iniciales. El programa, que tiene carácter continuo, fue realizado por la Universidad Federal de São João del-Rei, con la participación del Ayuntamiento del mismo municipio y contó con la participación de diversos hogares temporarios colaboradores. Tuvo como objetivos promover la esterilización de perros de calle, la adopción de los perros esterilizados y cachorros abandonados y la realización de campañas educativas de concientización sobre esterilización, adopción y malos tratos a animales, en escuelas y eventos realizados en el municipio. Fueron realizadas casi 300 esterilizaciones, más de 280 adopciones y cerca de cinco mil personas fueron alcanzadas directa e indirectamente por campañas educativas y eventos realizados por el programa, público formado principalmente por niños, donde se buscó modificar la forma de pensar y actuar de los pequeños ciudadanos y de la población frente al problema de los perros abandonados y cuidados con los animales. Fueron desarrolladas actividades interdisciplinares en conjunto con estudiantes de las carreras de Zootecnia, Comunicación Social  y Psicología, por medio de la confección de material educativo e investigaciones de iniciación científica. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la unión de conocimientos en la búsqueda de resoluciones para un objetivo común y demuestran que el programa ha conseguido, de forma directa e indirecta, generar discusiones sobre el asunto y afectar la formación de opinión y la forma de actuar de la población, resultado que concomitante a la realización de esterilizaciones, ha contribuido para una menor incidencia, a largo plazo, de perros abandonados en el municipio de São João del-Rei, Brasil