HUBUNGAN ANTARA AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN RIWAYAT KELUARGA DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DI BADAN LAYANAN UMUM RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian di dunia, yang paling banyak ditemukan pada negara berkembang dengan pendapatan menengah kebawah, salah satunya adalah Indonesia. PJK adalah gangguan fungsi jantung akibat otot jantung kekurangan darah karena adanya penyempitan pembuluh darah koroner. Terjadinya penyempitan pembuluh darah penyebab PJK dapat dipicu karena adanya beberapa faktor resiko, seperti aktivitas fisik dan riwayat keluarga seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara antivitas fisik dan riwayat keluarga dengan kejadian PJK di BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian case control study dengan metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak bulan Agustus s/d September 2018 di BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado, dengan wawancara terhadap 96 total responden menggunakan kuesioner. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik chi-square dan dengan perhitungan Odds Ratio (OR) maka, terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian PJK di BLU RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dimana responden yang memiliki aktivitas fisik yang tidak baik lebih berisiko 4,4 kali dibandingkan yang memiliki aktivitas fisik yang baik dengan nilai p= 0,001 0,005 (OR 1,889 dengan 95% CI: 0,812-4,394).Kata kunci : Penyakit Jantung Koroner, Aktivitas Fisik, Riwayat KeluargaABSTRACTOne of the causes of death in the world is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), which is most commonly found in developing countries with lower middle income, which one is Indonesia. CHD is a dysfunction of the heart due to a lack of blood in the heart muscle due to narrowing of the coronary arteries. The occurrence of narrowing of the arteries causing CHD can be triggered due to several risk factors, such as physical activity and a person's family history. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and family history with the incidence of CHD in BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This study uses a case control study research design with purposive sampling method. This research was conducted from August to September 2018 at Prof. RSU BLU Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado, with an interview of 96 total respondents using a questionnaire. Based on the results of chi-square statistical test and with the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), there is a correlation between physical activity with the incidence of CHD in Prof. RSU BLU dr. R. D. Kandou Manado where respondents who have not good physical activity are 4.4 times more at risk than those who have good physical activity with p value = 0.001 0.005 (OR 1.889 with 95% CI: 0.812-4.393).Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Physical Activity, Family History

Innovative non-thermal technologies for recovery and valorization of value-added products from crustacean processing by-products—an opportunity for a circular economy approach

The crustacean processing industry has experienced significant growth over recent decades resulting in the production of a great number of by-products. Crustacean by-products contain several valuable components such as proteins, lipids, and carotenoids, especially astaxanthin and chitin. When isolated, these valuable compounds are characterized by bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer ones, and that could be used as nutraceutical ingredients or additives in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Different innovative non-thermal technologies have appeared as promising, safe, and efficient tools to recover these valuable compounds. This review aims at providing a summary of the main compounds that can be extracted from crustacean by-products, and of the results obtained by applying the main innovative nonthermal processes for recovering such high-value products. Moreover, from the perspective of the circular economy approach, specific case studies on some current applications of the recovered compounds in the seafood industry are presented. The extraction of valuable components from crustacean by-products, combined with the development of novel technological strategies aimed at their recovery and purification, will allow for important results related to the long-term sustainability of the seafood industry to be obtained. Furthermore, the reuse of extracted components in seafood products is an interesting strategy to increase the value of the seafood sector overall. However, to date, there are limited industrial applications for this promising approach

The impact of pulsed electric field on the extraction of bioactive compounds from beetroot

Beetroot is a root vegetable rich in different bioactive components, such as vitamins, minerals, phenolics, carotenoids, nitrate, ascorbic acids, and betalains, that can have a positive effect on human health. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the pulsed electric field (PEF) at different electric field strengths (4.38 and 6.25 kV/cm), pulse number 10\u201330, and energy input 0\u201312.5 kJ/kg as a pretreatment method on the extraction of betalains from beetroot. The obtained results showed that the application of PEF pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the efficiency of extraction of bioactive compounds from beetroot. The highest increase in the content of betalain compounds in the red beet\u2019s extract (betanin by 329%, vulgaxanthin by 244%, compared to the control sample), was noted for 20 pulses of electric field at 4.38 kV/cm of strength. Treatment of the plant material with a PEF also resulted in an increase in the electrical conductivity compared to the non-treated sample due to the increase in cell membrane permeability, which was associated with leakage of substances able to conduct electricity, including mineral salts, into the intercellular space

The Impact of Plasma Activated Water Treatment on the Phenolic Profile, Vitamins Content, Antioxidant and Enzymatic Activities of Rocket-Salad Leaves

Plasma activated water (PAW) recently received much attention as an alternative food preservation method. However, its effects on food quality are still scarce. This study evaluates the effect of PAW processing time on bioactive compounds of rocket-salad leaves including: 18 phenolic compounds, vitamin C, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide. Moreover, the impact of PAW on both antioxidant (DPPH) and peroxidase (POD) activities was also investigated. This was performed using HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS/MS, and spectrophotometric analysis. All treatments induced non-significant increases in total phenolic contents. However, depending on processing time, significant increases or decreases of individual phenolic compounds were observed. PAW-10 and -20 increased the ascorbic acid content to 382.76 and 363.14 mg/100 g, respectively, compared to control (337.73 mg/100 g). Riboflavin and nicotinic acid contents were increased significantly in PAW-20 (0.53 and 1.26 mg/100), compared to control (0.32 and 0.61 mg/100 g, respectively). However, nicotinamide showed non-significant increase in all treatments. Antioxidant activity improved significantly only in PAW-20, while peroxidase activity was reduced up to 36% in the longest treatment. In conclusion, PAW treatment could be an effective technique for rocket decontamination since it positively influenced the quality of rocket, improving the retention of polyphenols and vitamins

Effect of plasma activated water (PAW) on rocket leaves decontamination and nutritional value

Plasma Activated Water (PAW) obtained by exposing water to cold atmospheric pressure plasma, has recently emerged as a promising alternative for food decontamination, compared to the use of traditional chemical sanitizers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of PAW treatments for rocket salad decontamination. Washing with PAW for 2, 5, 10 and 20 min was assessed against different endogenous spoilage microorganisms and compared to untreated water and hypochlorite solution. The chemical composition of PAW as a function of treatment and delay time was characterized and the effect on product quality and nutritional parameters was evaluated. Results showed that PAW allowed an average reduction of 1.7–3 Log CFU/g for total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae following 2–5 min washing with minimal variation of qualitative and nutritional parameters. Overall, experimental results highlighted the potentiality of PAW treatments as a promising alternative to chlorine having the advantage of a minor adverse impact on environment and consumers' health. Industrial relevance: To meet consumers demand, the minimally processed fruit and vegetable industry needs to find sustainable solutions as alternative to the use of traditional chemical sanitizers that allow to increase product shelf-life and preserve safety, qualitative and nutritional characteristics. Plasma activated water represents a promising strategy for food decontamination, but its effects on foods have been only limitedly investigated. The present research is the first study on the use of plasma activated water on fresh rocket leaves, providing new and important information on microbial inactivation and quality of the fresh cut product

Guideline on management of the acute asthma attack in children by Italian Society of Pediatrics

Background: Acute asthma attack is a frequent condition in children. It is one of the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visit and hospitalization. Appropriate care is fundamental, considering both the high prevalence of asthma in children, and its life-threatening risks. Italian Society of Pediatrics recently issued a guideline on the management of acute asthma attack in children over age 2, in ambulatory and emergency department settings. Methods: The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was adopted. A literature search was performed using the Cochrane Library and Medline/PubMed databases, retrieving studies in English or Italian and including children over age 2 year. Results: Inhaled f2 agonists are the first line drugs for acute asthma attack in children. Ipratropium bromide should be added in moderate/severe attacks. Early use of systemic steroids is associated with reduced risk of ED visits and hospitalization. High doses of inhaled steroids should not replace systemic steroids. Aminophylline use should be avoided in mild/moderate attacks. Weak evidence supports its use in life-threatening attacks. Epinephrine should not be used in the treatment of acute asthma for its lower cost / benefit ratio, compared to \u3b22 agonists. Intravenous magnesium solphate could be used in children with severe attacks and/or forced expiratory volume1 (FEV1) lower than 60% predicted, unresponsive to initial inhaled therapy. Heliox could be administered in life-threatening attacks. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are not recommended. Conclusions: This Guideline is expected to be a useful resource in managing acute asthma attacks in children over age 2

Use of green solvents as pre-treatment of dissolving pulp to decrease CS2 consumption from viscose production

Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents are widely used in biomass processing. In this work, four different green solvent mixtures were used as pre-treatment of acid sulphite dissolving pulp with the hypothesis of increasing the possibilities to produce viscose fibres and decreasing the use of the harmful and toxic carbon disulphide in the process. The experiments were performed at two different pulp to solvent mass ratios. Pulp quality parameters were also measured to determine the suitability of the pretreatment: a-cellulose, viscosity, lignin and pentosan content. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis of pulps at the best solid to liquid ratio was performed to obtain the influence of the crystallinity index. Best results were obtained with the use of lactic acid, with reactivity values close to 94%, giving a reduction of CS2 usage of 15.83%. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the crystallinity index calculated by the XRD and reactivity with a regression factor of 0.87 was found

Cluster, adaptation and extroversion : a cognitive and entrepreneurial analysis of the Marche music cluster

Over recent decades, clusters like industrial districts have increasingly attracted attention in economic debate. The study of clusters, particularly in the Italian literature, highlights the inadequacy of the mainstream body of explanation to provide a theory of the emergence and transformation over time of these clusters. Evolutionary theory seems to provide an adequate framework for the study of clusters. The paper applies an evolutionary perspective to the study of clusters by analysing an empirical case-study on the accordion cluster of Marche (Italy). The study of development of this cluster as an evolutionary self-organizing process will be proposed. The main concern of the paper is to highlight how the cluster analysed undertook the structural transformation which led its production from a very traditional style of manufacture to a technologically intensive one. The focus will be on the degree of continuity and complementarity between the capabilities, skills and knowledge accumulated or the trajectory exploited within the cluster over time and the new trajectory explored. By doing so, the paper analyses a particular transformation phase of the cluster under observation, that is the phase which led the cluster to a transformation in the composition of its production activity. Across this phase the paper identifies some key actors whose presence affected the possibility for the cluster to undertake the transformation. The relevance of these actors is related to their role within the internal production chain as well as to their external networking