Paulo Freire eo conflito Israel-Palestina: A pedagogia da justiça social e programa de educação experiencial em Israel e na Palestina

This article explores the theoretical and practical approaches of a social justice education program in Israel and Palestine called Beyond Bridges: Israel–Palestine (BBIP), with particular attention paid to the pedagogical underpinnings based in Paolo Friere’s thought. In this pursuit, the article’s three objectives are to examine Paulo Freire’s approach to education and social justice, which forms the core of BBIP’s pedagogical orientation; to look at a number of ways that Freire’s pedagogies play out during the immersion in Israel and Palestine; and to describe BBIP while exploring Freire’s imprint on a daily program activity called “Group Process.” Our underlying argument is that the Freirean pedagogies of social justice education have positively impacted conflict transformation educational programs such as BBIP because they underscore the necessity of critical reflection and tangible action, establishing both as essential elements of the process and goal of social justice education.Este artículo explora los enfoques teóricos y prácticos de un programa de educación para la justicia social en Israel y Palestina llamado “Beyond Bridges: Israel-Palestina (BBIP)”, el programa pone especial atención sobre los fundamentos pedagógicos del pensamiento de Paulo Freire. Los tres objetivos del artículo son examinar el enfoque de Paulo Freire sobre la educación y la justicia social, que constituye el núcleo de la orientación pedagógica del programa BBIP; estudiar las formas en que la pedagogía de Freire incide en la inmersión en Israel y Palestina; y describir el programa BBIP mientras se explora la impronta de Freire en una actividad llamada "Proceso de grupo." Nuestro argumento subyacente es que las pedagogías freireanas de la educación para la justicia social han impactado positivamente sobre los programas educativos de transformación de conflictos como el programa BBIP ya que señalan la necesidad de reflexionar de manera crítica y poner en marcha acciones concretas que establecen elementos esenciales para alcanzar el objetivo de la educación para la justicia socialEste artigo explora as abordagens teóricas e práticas de um programa de educação para a justiça social em Israel e na Palestina chamado "Beyond Pontes: Israel- Palestina (BBIP)", o programa presta especial atenção para as fundações educacionais do pensamento de Paulo Freire. Os três objectivos do documento são de rever a abordagem de Paulo Freire na educação e na justiça social, que constitui o núcleo da orientação pedagógica do programa de BBIP; estudar as formas em que a pedagogia Freire afeta imersão em Israel e na Palestina; e descrever o programa BBIP enquanto a marca de Freire em explorar uma atividade chamada "grupo de processos." O nosso argumento principal é que pedagogias freireanos de educação para a justiça social tem impactado positivamente sobre os programas educacionais de transformação de conflitos como o programa BBIP porque eles ressaltam a necessidade de refletir criticamente e implementar ações específicas que estabelecem fundamentos para atingir a meta de educação para a justiça socia

The Air-temperature Response to Green/blue-infrastructure Evaluation Tool (TARGET v1.0) : an efficient and user-friendly model of city cooling

The adverse impacts of urban heat and global climate change are leading policymakers to consider green and blue infrastructure (GBI) for heat mitigation benefits. Though many models exist to evaluate the cooling impacts of GBI, their complexity and computational demand leaves most of them largely inaccessible to those without specialist expertise and computing facilities. Here a new model called The Air-temperature Response to Green/blue-infrastructure Evaluation Tool (TARGET) is presented. TARGET is designed to be efficient and easy to use, with fewer user-defined parameters and less model input data required than other urban climate models. TARGET can be used to model average street-level air temperature at canyon-to-block scales (e.g. 100 m resolution), meaning it can be used to assess temperature impacts of suburb-to-city-scale GBI proposals. The model aims to balance realistic representation of physical processes and computation efficiency. An evaluation against two different datasets shows that TARGET can reproduce the magnitude and patterns of both air temperature and surface temperature within suburban environments. To demonstrate the utility of the model for planners and policymakers, the results from two precinct-scale heat mitigation scenarios are presented. TARGET is available to the public, and ongoing development, including a graphical user interface, is planned for future work

Demographic, seasonal, and spatial differences in acute myocardial infarction admissions to hospital in Melbourne Australia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Seasonal patterns in cardiac disease in the northern hemisphere are well described in the literature. More recently age and gender differences in cardiac mortality and to a lesser extent morbidity have been presented. To date spatial differences between the seasonal patterns of cardiac disease has not been presented. Literature relating to seasonal patterns in cardiac disease in the southern hemisphere and in Australia in particular is scarce. The aim of this paper is to describe the seasonal, age, gender, and spatial patterns of cardiac disease in Melbourne Australia by using acute myocardial infarction admissions to hospital as a marker of cardiac disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 33,165 Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) admissions over 2186 consecutive days. There is a seasonal pattern in AMI admissions with increased rates during the colder months. The peak month is July. The admissions rate is greater for males than for females, although this difference decreases with advancing age. The maximal AMI season for males extends from April to November. The difference between months of peak and minimum admissions was 33.7%. Increased female AMI admissions occur from May to November, with a variation between peak and minimum of 23.1%. Maps of seasonal AMI admissions demonstrate spatial differences. Analysis using Global and Local Moran's I showed increased spatial clustering during the warmer months. The Bivariate Moran's I statistic indicated a weaker relationship between AMI and age during the warmer months.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There are two distinct seasons with increased admissions during the colder part of the year. Males present a stronger seasonal pattern than females. There are spatial differences in AMI admissions throughout the year that cannot be explained by the age structure of the population. The seasonal difference in AMI admissions warrants further investigation. This includes detailing the prevalence of cardiac disease in the community and examining issues of social and environmental justice.</p

The effects of summer temperature, age and socioeconomic circumstance on Acute Myocardial Infarction admissions in Melbourne, Australia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Published literature detailing the effects of heatwaves on human health is readily available. However literature describing the effects of heat on morbidity is less plentiful, as is research describing events in the southern hemisphere and Australia in particular. To identify susceptible populations and direct public health responses research must move beyond description of the temperature morbidity relationship to include social and spatial risk factors. This paper presents a spatial and socio-demographic picture of the effects of hot weather on persons admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Melbourne.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, the use of a spatial and socio-economic perspective has identified two groups within the population that have an increased 'risk' of AMI admissions to hospital during hot weather. AMI increases during hot weather were only identified in the most disadvantaged and the least disadvantaged areas. Districts with higher AMI admissions rates during hot weather also had larger proportions of older residents. Age provided some explanation for the spatial distribution of AMI admissions on single hot days whereas socio-economic circumstance did not. During short periods (3-days) of hot weather, age explained the spatial distribution of AMI admissions slightly better than socioeconomic circumstance.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study has demonstrated that both age and socioeconomic inequality contribute to AMI admissions to hospital in Melbourne during hot weather. By using socioeconomic circumstance to define quintiles, differences in AMI admissions were quantified and demographic differences in AMI admissions were described. Including disease specificity into climate-health research methods is necessary to identify climate-sensitive diseases and highlight the burden of climate-sensitive disease in the community. Cardiac disease is a major cause of death and disability and identifying cardiac-specific climate thresholds and the spatio-demographic characteristics of vulnerable groups within populations is an important step towards preventative health care by informing public health officials and providing a guide for an early heat-health warning system. This information is especially important under current climatic conditions and for assessing the future impact of climate change.</p

Optimizing medication management for patients with cirrhosis: Evidence‐based strategies and their outcomes

Cirrhosis is a morbid condition associated with frequent hospitalizations and high mortality. Management of cirrhosis requires complex medication regimens to treat underlying liver disease, complications of cirrhosis and comorbid conditions. This review examines the complexities of medication management in cirrhosis, barriers to optimal medication use, and potential interventions to streamline medication regimens and avoid medication errors. A literature review was performed by searching PUBMED through December 2017 and article reference lists to identify articles relevant to medication management, complications, adherence, and interventions to improve medication use in cirrhosis. The structural barriers in cirrhosis include sheer medication complexity related to the number of medications and potential for cognitive impairment in this population, faulty medication reconciliation and limited adherence. Tested interventions have included patient self‐education, provider driven patient education, intensive case management including medication blister packs and smartphone applications. Initiatives are needed to improve patient, caregiver and provider education on appropriate use of medications in patients with cirrhosis. A multidisciplinary team should be established to coordinate care with close monitoring, address patient and caregiver concerns, and to provide timely access to outpatient evaluation of urgent/complex issues. Future studies evaluating the clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness of interventions are needed.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146454/1/liv13892_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146454/2/liv13892.pd

Estimating everyday portion size using a 'method of constant stimuli': in a student sample, portion size is predicted by gender, dietary behaviour, and hunger, but not BMI

This paper (i) explores the proposition that body weight is associated with large portion sizes and (ii) introduces a new technique for measuring everyday portion size. In our paradigm, the participant is shown a picture of a food portion and is asked to indicate whether it is larger or smaller than their usual portion. After responding to a range of different portions an estimate of everyday portion size is calculated using probit analysis. Importantly, this estimate is likely to be robust because it is based on many responses. First-year undergraduate students (N=151) completed our procedure for 12 commonly consumed foods. As expected, portion sizes were predicted by gender and by a measure of dieting and dietary restraint. Furthermore, consistent with reports of hungry supermarket shoppers, portion-size estimates tended to be higher in hungry individuals. However, we found no evidence for a relationship between BMI and portion size in any of the test foods. We consider reasons why this finding should be anticipated. In particular, we suggest that the difference in total energy expenditure of individuals with a higher and lower BMI is too small to be detected as a concomitant difference in portion size (at least in our sample)