Silicon-Based Micromachining Process for Flexible Electronics

In this chapter, we introduce silicon-based micromachining process and devices for flexible electronics application. Silicon-based flexible electronics have the unique advantage over other polymer-based process that leverage the traditional standard CMOS process and can be integrated with scalable IC technology. While integrating with CMOS process, special considerations must be taken into account, such as release process, transfer process, and process integration, in order to produce silicon-based flexible electronics. Several efforts and process developments will be illustrated in this chapter with the highlights of imager and wearable electronics application

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Fuel calorific value control process analysis and research based on IGCC power plant

Abstract The stability of the equipment has been more and more important with the continuous development of IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) technology. The control of the calorific value of the fuel gas of the gas turbine is one of the most important factors for the stable operation of the gas turbine. There are many variables in the calorific value of IGCC fuels that will cause unstable fuel combustion conditions and low thermal efficiency. In terms of process equipment, process conditions, instrument control calculation, and logic adjustment, this paper studies the automatic adjustment system of the calorific value of syngas for IGCC gas turbine fuel. The calorific value of the syngas can be automatically adjusted under different working conditions of the gas turbine. It helps the stable combustion of the gas turbine to form a perfect, efficient, reliable calorific value control system

Cumulative summation analysis of learning curve for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of craniopharyngiomas

BackgroundTo evaluate the cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis of the learning curve for Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal resection of craniopharyngioma (EETC).MethodsRetrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 113 patients who underwent EETC by the same neurosurgery team of the first affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2012 to November 2020. The learning curve was created by the CUSUM method and analyzed, which was divided into two groups: the learning stage and stable stage based on the learning curve trend. The median operation time and minimum surgical case number was calculated and the operation time and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe median operation time was 318 min. The best fitting curve equation was y = 227.72 + 49.06x + 0.14x2 − 0.05x3, R2 = 0.949, (p < 0.001). The minimum number of surgical cases was 65. Between the two groups, the operation time decreased from 360.8 ± 106.4 min in the learning group to 281.6 ± 69.9 min in the stable group (p < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications (intracranial infection, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and diabetes insipidus) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe CUSUM learning curve of craniopharyngioma resection via endoscope endonasal transsphenoidal approach could better describe the learning process for a neurosurgeon. The frequency of surgery could be a good factor for strengthening the learning effect and help to shorten the learning time. After 65 cases of EETC, the surgical skills can reach a stable stage, the operation time is obviously shortened, and the postoperative complications are significantly reduced

Sustainable Design Strategies of Environment of Some Theme Creative Markets in Guangzhou

In the era of the experience economy, ‘consumption experience’ has become an important part of people’s daily life needs. In this study, we adopted the perspective of user experience quality evaluation and found problems through field research; then, we built the evaluation dimension of theme creative markets based on experience quality combined with expert interviews to design the questionnaire. First of all, through online and offline questionnaire analysis on the experiencers of some theme creative markets in Guangzhou, the main factors that affect the quality of the tourists’ experience was explored. Secondly, through the analysis of the three dimensions of environment, activity, and service of some of the theme creative markets in Guangzhou, it was found that tourists have the highest score on the market activity and the lowest score on the market environment. Thirdly, through field observation and interviews with some experiencers, the reason for the low experience score was discovered. Finally, the corresponding design strategies were proposed for the environment, activities, and services, with a view to providing a reference for the improvement of the quality of the tourists’ experience and the improvement of the design of the theme creative markets

Atomic Force Microscope Imaging of the Aggregation of Mouse Immunoglobulin G Molecules

Mouse immunoglobulin G (Ig G1 and the mixture of Ig G1 and Ig G2) deposited on mica were imaged with an atomic force microscope at room temperature and ambient pressure. At a concentration around 1.0mg/L, the molecules were well dispersed. 2~3 days after sample preparation, both Ig G1 and the mixture could self- assemble into different shapes and further form some types of local-ordered toroidal aggregations (monotoroidal, intercrossed toroidal, concentric toroidal, etc.). The number of monomers was not identical in the different toroidal aggregations but in a same circle, the shapes of polymer self-assembled by several monomolecules were found to be almost the same. There was difference between the aggregation behavior of Ig G1 and the mixture. The mechanism of Ig G molecule aggregation was ascribed to the “Y†shape and loops structure of Ig G molecule

Elevated accumulation and distinct migration patterns of neonicotinoids compared to traditional insecticides in South China typical orchard

The global insecticide market is undergoing significant changes, witnessing a surge in neonicotinoids (NEOs) usage, alongside the persistent application of traditional insecticides, such as organophosphates (OPs), carbamates (CMs) and pyrethroids (PYRs). In this study, therefore, NEOs, OPs, PYRs and CMs were measured in various pomelo tissues and paired soil and leaf samples collected from two pomelo orchards in South China. NEOs exhibited a higher median sum residue in pulp (ΣNEOs: 1.90 ng/g) than traditional insecticides (ΣOPs: 1.69 ng/g, ΣCMs: 0.49 ng/g, and ΣPYRs: 0.33 ng/g). Principal component analysis indicated that NEO residues in pulp was primarily originated from deep soil. Moreover, the migration pathway of NEOs potentially extends from the deep soil to the plant's root system, then travels through the carpopodium to access the pulp, whereas traditional insecticides adhere to a migration pathway that progresses from the epicarp to the pulp. Tissue-specific distribution analysis revealed that NEOs exhibit an enhanced propensity for accumulation in the pulp. In contrast, traditional insecticides display a preference for accumulating in seeds and endocarp. This study first to delineate distinction in residue, migration, tissue-specific distribution between NEOs and traditional insecticides, heightened emphasis is warranted on NEOs and their metabolites within the ambit of the “One-Health” framework