Obesity, an emerging epidemic in Pakistan-a review of evidence.

BACKGROUND: In Pakistan, the disease pattern is facing a huge changeover from acute and communicable diseases to the non-communicable diseases. Moreover, an emerging epidemic of obesity is still under recognized in Pakistan. A detailed review and dissemination of the existing knowledge to determine the extent of burden of obesity can help understand this important public health issue. METHODS: A detailed literature review was conducted through PubMed search engines, regarding obesity burden in Pakistan. The original peer reviewed research articles, reports of WHO in English language, non-government organizations reports were included in the review. Obesity AND Pakistan were used as a search terms. RESULTS: Pakistan is suffering from epidemic of obesity, affecting all age groups. Urban population, particularly women shows considerable higher burden of obesity as compared to men and women from rural population. However, among children and adolescents there is variation in prevalence of obesity. Girls from all age groups are predominantly more obese as compared to boys. Most of the studies have estimated child obesity among school going children of different age groups and need careful interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: Pakistan is currently suffering from an emerging epidemic of obesity. The rising burden of obesity is widespread among adults (man and women) and children. The burden of obesity is higher among females in all age groups as compare to males. Effective interventions are required at population level to prevent and control this emerging public health issue

Pengaruh Persistensi Laba Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Return Saham

This study aimed to examine the effect of earnings persistence and firm size on stock return. The population in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample set by using purposive sampling. The research sample was obtained by 31 companies. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis with SPSS ver 12.0. The test results indicate that the first hypothesis (H1) which states that the persistence of earnings affect stock prices, declined. The second hypothesis (H2) states that firm size effect on stock prices, declined

PERTUMBUHAN, EFISIENSI PAKAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN KEURELING (TOR TAMBRA) PADA PAKAN YANG MENGANDUNG PROBIOTIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis optimum probiotik dalam pakan terhadap tingkat efisiensi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan keureling (Tor tambra). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 taraf perlakuan dosis probiotik dalam pakan yaitu; 0; 5; 10; dan 15 mg/kg pakan dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan dosis probiotik dalam pakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, pertumbuhan spesifik, pertumbuhan harian, kelangsungan hidup, efisiensi pakan, konversi pakan dan retensi protein (

Ekologi dan Patogenitas Kuman Leptospira Kunadi Tanzil

Genus Leptospira is member of Leptospiraceae family with a tightly coiled, thin, flexible 5-15 μm long, with very fine spirals 0,1-0,2 μm wide; one end is often bent, forming a hook. Leptospirosis are essentially animal infections, human infection is only accidental,following contact with water or other materials contaminated with the excreta of animal hosts. The purpose of this paper is to explainthe causes of leptospirosis, ecology, pathogenesis clinical symptoms, diagnostic and to prevent the leptospirosis. The method isbased on literature study and other data.It is concluded that: (1) leptospirosis is a zootoxins disease caused by pathogenic leprosiesand is characterized of clinical manifestation, varying from in apparent infection to fatal disease. (2) Diagnosis of leptospirosis canbe done by clinical presentation, isolating, and microscopic examination and serological examined from collection of the specimenspatien

A study of burnout among faculty at Fullerton College

The purpose of this study was to analyze the extent of burnout among full-time faculty at Fullerton College. This study reviewed research on burnout at the community college level and gives insight into burnout\u27s major contributors to. It provides suggestions for intervention to reduce the phenomenon of faculty burnout and recommendations for future research. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) was used to measure burnout focusing on the 3 burnout subscales of depersonalization, exhaustion, and personal accomplishment. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-test. Data were gathered through a demographic survey and the MBI-ES to answer the following research questions: (a) To what extent, if at all, do full-time professors at Fullerton College experience-perceive significant burnout? (b) To what extent, if at all, is gender related to the level of burnout of full-time professors at Fullerton College? (c) To what extent, if at all, is age related to the level of burnout of full-time professors at Fullerton College? (d) To what extent, if at all, is the number of years at Fullerton College related to the level of burnout of full-time professors at Fullerton College? and (e) To what extent, if at all, is the total number of years of teaching related to the level of burnout of full-time professors at Fullerton College? The data analysis indicates that the burnout level of full-time faculty at Fullerton College is low on all 3 subscales. There were no statistical differences in levels of burnout between male and female faculty. Even though the mean scores were different between male and female as the female faculty had higher levels of burnout on the Emotional Exhaustion subscale than their male counterparts under each subscale, these differences were not statistically significant. The ANOVA for each subscale confirmed that age has little to no impact on burnout levels among Fullerton College faculty. The number of years of work experience at Fullerton College has no impact on the level of burnout of faculty. Also, the statistical analysis indicated that there is no relationship between burnout scores (dependent variables) and total years of teaching (the independent variable)

Website Monitoring Siswa Bimbingan Belajar I-Smart Palembang

Students monitoring website at I-Smart Education Center Palembang will help the performance of institutions to save time and are expected to reduce the use of paper so there won’t be any wasted documents. By using monitoring student monitoring website is expected to help coordinate the each task section in the establishments. In order for the manual processes can be replaced with computerized processes simplify communication between parents with teachers that parents are easy to watch over the development of their children at the education center. Based on data observation with the I-Smart Education Center Palembang obtained information that a system that is running right now are still manual. Therefore the website that is created by the author is the result of development of the previous system which has existed in the I-Smart Education Center Palembang. With the support of human resources, the process of the operation of the system will be easier. And facilitate students to learn back at home, parents can also see what has already been learned students