228 research outputs found
Modification of the CAB Model for Air-Assist Atomization of Food Sprays
The Cascade Atomization and Drop Breakup (CAB) model has been originally developed for pressure atomizers. In this study, the CAB model is modified to accommodate the atomization of low-pressure, air-assist atomizers. The modifications include the first breakup which is modeled by estimating theWeber number due to the increased liquid-gas relative velocity caused by the air flow. This breakup depends on whether the Weber number is in the catastrophic, stripping or bag breakup regime. The second modification includes a change in the product drop distributions, namely, instead of a uniform distribution, as used in the original CAB model, a X-squared
distribution with the same average drop size is assumed. The model changes are validated with experimental data obtained by means of two different air-assist atomizers using an oil-in-water emulsion. The simulations are performed with a modified version of the KIVA-3 CFD code; they show good agreement with the experiments
Anmerkungen zur Kritik an der Testkritik
Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, wie die 'radikalen TestbefĂŒrworter' auf die Kritik der 'radikalen Testkritiker' reagieren. Es wird aufgezeigt, daĂ TestbefĂŒrworter fĂŒr sich in Anspruch nehmen, den Wissenschaftsnagel auf den Kopf getroffen zu haben, wĂ€hrend sie den Testkritiker vorwerfen, Behauptungen aufzustellen, die jeder empirischen Basis entbehren. TestbefĂŒrworter bezeichnen die radikalen Testkritiker hĂ€ufig als (linke) Ideologen, wĂ€hrend sie fĂŒr sich die Wissenschaftlichkeit ihres Vorgehens annehmen und damit auch die ObjektivitĂ€t und UnverfĂ€lschbarkeit ihrer Ergebnisse. (LF
Sisyphos in der PrÀvention von Gewalt gegen Kinder
Gewalt gegen Kinder ist im deutschen Sprachraum mindestens seit der 'MiĂhandlungs-Bibel' von Bast et al. (1975) kein vollstĂ€ndiges Tabu-Thema mehr. Der Aufwand an Belehrung und AufklĂ€rung ist vor allem von wissenschaftlicher Seite aus betrĂ€chtlich. Der Autor fragt jedoch nach den intervenierenden und prĂ€ventiven Handlungen gegen KindesmiĂhandlung. Er zeigt auf, 'wie wenig bisherige prĂ€ventive Kinderschutzarbeit effizient wirksam werden konnte. Finanz- bzw. rotstiftpolitische Grenzen und vor allem eine zu sehr an Individuen oder maximal Familien orientierte Hilfe- und Helferpraxis klammern nach wie vor einen GroĂteil der als Gewaltdeterminanten erkannten Faktoren aus. Bestehende MaĂnahmen sind bruchstĂŒckhaft, um nicht zu sagen Flickwerk. DafĂŒr scheint die Ausbildung der Helfer ein nicht unwesentlicher Grund zu sein.' (BO2
Sind Ăkotypen von Welschem Weidelgras fĂŒr den Ăkolandbau besser geeignet als Zuchtsorten?
Ten ecotype populations of Italian ryegrass collected in permanent grassland in
different regions of Switzerland were compared to two currently recommended
cultivars in plot trials under both organic and conventional conditions. On average, the
ecotypes had similar yields as the cultivars under organic conditions, but significantly
outyielded them under conventional conditions. However, some of the best ecotype
populations appeared to be also very suitable for organic agriculture. All ecotypes
were extremely susceptible to crown rust. Therefore, targeted selection is needed to
exploit their potential for use in organic agriculture
Dietary topoisomerase II-poisons
DNA topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes inducing transient breaks in the DNA allowing DNA strands or double helices to pass through each other. The clinically used DNA topoisomerase II-poison etoposide is known to induce DNA double strand breaks leading to chromosomal aberrations and leukemias. Recently, some alarming studies have been published, suggesting that maternal exposure to low doses of dietary topoisomerase II-poisons, including bioflavonoids such as genistein or quercetin, may contribute to the development of infant leukemia: approximately 80% of infants with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have chromosome translocations involving the MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene. It has been shown that antineoplastic chemotherapy with the leukemogenic topoisomerase II-poison etoposide induced identical chromosomal aberrations involving the MLL gene compared to children with infant leukemia. Interestingly, the MLL cleavage sites induced by etoposide colocalized with the cleavage sites observed in infant leukemia. In addition, an almost 10-fold higher risk of infant AML has been reported for mothers consuming relatively high levels of topoisomerase II-poison containing foods. These observations are relevant, since many foods contain topoisomerase II-poisons, predominantly soy and soy products, but also coffee, wine, tea, cocao, as well as some fruits and vegetables. Further studies on the role of dietary topoisomerase II-poisons are urgently required. If the causal relationship between dietary exposure to topoisomerase II-poisons and infant leukemia will be confirmed, care should be taken to reduce exposure to critical foods during pregnancy
Suppression of Superconductivity in YBCO/LCMO Superlattices
The competition of superconductivity and magnetism in superlattices composed
of alternating YBaCuO and LaCaMnO thin
films is investigated using low-energy optical spectroscopy. The thickness of
the superconducting YBCO layers is varied from 30 nm to 20 nm while the
thickness of the magnetic LCMO layers is kept constant at 20 nm. We clearly
observe that the superconducting condensate density in the superconducting
state of superlattice is drastically reduced by the magnetic subsystem which
may be connected with proximity effects that distort the gap symmetry and thus
suppress superconductivity.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Integrating invasive species policies across ornamental horticulture supply-chains to prevent plant invasions
1.Ornamental horticulture is the primary pathway for invasive alien plant introductions. We critically appraise published evidence on the effectiveness of four policy instruments that tackle invasions along the horticulture supply chain: pre-border import restrictions, post-border bans, industry codes of conduct and consumer education. 2.Effective pre-border interventions rely on rigorous risk assessment and high industry compliance. Post-border sales bans become progressively less effective when alien species become widespread in a region. 3.A lack of independent performance evaluation and of public disclosure, limits the uptake and effectiveness of voluntary codes of conduct and discourages shifts in consumer preference away from invasive alien species. 4.Policy implications. Closing the plant invasion pathway associated with ornamental horticulture requires government-industry agreements to fund effective pre- and post-border weed risk assessments that can be subsequently supported by widely adopted, as well as verifiable, industry codes of conduct. This will ensure producers and consumers make informed choices in the face of better targeted public education addressing plant invasions
Roadmap for cardiovascular education across the European Society of Cardiology: inspiring better knowledge and skills, now and for the future
AIMS: The provision of high-quality education allows the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) to achieve its mission of better cardiovascular practice and provides an essential component of translating new evidence to improve outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 4th ESC Education Conference, held in Sophia Antipolis (December 2016), brought together ESC education leaders, National Directors of Training of 43 ESC countries, and representatives of the ESC Young Community. Integrating national descriptions of education and cardiology training, we discussed innovative pathways to further improve knowledge and skills across different training programmes and health care systems. We developed an ESC roadmap supporting better cardiology training and continued medical education (CME), noting: (i) The ESC provides an excellent framework for unbiased and up-to-date cardiovascular education in close cooperation with its National Societies. (ii) The ESC should support the harmonization of cardiology training, curriculum development, and professional dialogue and mentorship. (iii) ESC congresses are an essential forum to learn and discuss the latest developments in cardiovascular medicine. (iv) The ESC should create a unified, interactive educational platform for cardiology training and continued cardiovascular education combining Webinars, eLearning Courses, Clinical Cases, and other educational programmes, along with ESC Congress content, Practice Guidelines and the next ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. (v) ESC-delivered online education should be integrated into National and regional cardiology training and CME programmes. CONCLUSION: These recommendations support the ESC to deliver excellent and comprehensive cardiovascular education for the next generation of specialists. Teamwork between international, national and local partners is essential to achieve this objective
A scenarioâguided strategy for the future management of biological invasions
Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple socialâecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries
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