Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Anterior Teeth of 12-Year-Old School Children in Kashmir, India

Background: Traumatic dental injuries to anterior teeth are a significant public health problem, not only because their prevalence is relatively high, but also because they have considerable impact on children’s daily lives. Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) cause physical and psychological discomfort, pain and other negative impacts, such as tendency to avoid laughing or smiling, which can affect social relationships. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to anterior teeth among 12-year-old school children in Kashmir, India. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in private and government schools of India among 1600 schoolchildren aged 12 years. In addition to recording of the type of trauma (using Ellis and Davey classification of fractures, 1970), over jet, Angle’s molar relation and lip competence were also recorded. The socioeconomic status and academic performance of the study subjects were registered. The data obtained were compiled systematically and then statistically analyzed. The statistical significance for the association between the traumatic injury and the variables was analyzed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to identify potential risk predictors of TDIs. Results: The overall prevalence of TDI to anterior teeth was found to be 9.3%. The TDI to anterior teeth in male was more than female, but the difference was statistically nonsignificant (P < 0.01). Falls and sports were the most common causes of trauma in the present study. The highest potential risk factor for the occurrence of trauma was over jet. Academic performance was found to be significantly associated to TDI to anterior teeth, when analyzed in a multiple regression model. Conclusions: It was concluded that the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 9.3%. Traumatic dental injuries among children exhibit complex interaction between the victims’ oral conditions and their behavior. Therefore, prevention should consider a number of characteristics such as oral predisposing factors, environmental determinants and human behavior. It is recommended that specific and proper public places for leisure and sports activities, with impact-absorbing surfaces around the items on which children are most likely to fall, should be provided

Non syndromic Oligodontia: case report

Oligodontia is a rare genetic disorder which represents the congenital absence of more than six teeth in primary, permanent or both dentitions. It is usually a part of a syndrome and seldom occurs as an isolated entity. Genes responsible for non syndromic oligodontia are found to be MSX1 and PAX9 genes. In this case report a 13 year old boy is presented who had absence of all four second permanent molars and permanent mandibular incisors. The maxillary central incisors presented with conical shape. During physical examination, there was no abnormality in either hairs or nails, perspiration was normal and no congenital clefts of lip or palate was seen. Hence in this case, Oligodontia is not associated with any syndrome which is a rare finding.Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences vol 22 (3) 201

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and associated habits in Kashmir, India

Background: A large number of factors may influence the conditions of oral-mucosa and regulate its thresholds against reactions to external irritations and insults. External damage to the tissues may be caused by infections and or other chemical, thermal and mechanical means or there may be some genetic factors involved. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of different oral habits and habit related oral lesions among the study population in Kashmir, India.Methods: The final study sample comprised of 7000 patients visiting 2 Government Hospitals in Srinagar and Pulwama district, Kashmir, India. All the selected subjects were examined for any oral mucosal lesions. The diagnosis of the lesion was made based on history, clinical features, according to standard guidelines and color atlas.Results: Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found to be 8%. Smoker’s palate was the most frequently found oral lesion comprising of 33.89% followed by oral lichen planus and leukoplakia (13.55% each). Other lesions included chemical burns, erythroplakia, OSMF and lichenoid reactions. Subjects were indulged into various habits; the most prevalent being the cigarette smoking (56.46%), followed by hukka and bidi smoking and smokeless tobacco.Conclusions: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 8% among the study sample. Subjects were associated with various deleterious habits which were found more in males than females. This study helps in public awareness about the ill effects of oral habits and may motivate them in overcoming their indulgence.

VARIATIONS IN THE RATE OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, AMMONIA EXCRETION AND O:N RATIO OF FRESHWATER BIVALVE, INDONAIA CAERULEUS (PRASHAD, 1918)IN RELATION TO BODY SIZE DURING SUMMER

Considering the size specific variations in metabolic rates of bivalve shell-fishes we report here the size dependent variation in the O: N ratio in freshwater bivalve molluscs, Indonaia caeruleus from the banks of Godavari River at Paithan, near Aurangabad. The freshwater bivalves with specific size i.e. small (42-48mm in shell-length) and large (56-63 mm in shell-length) were selected for determination of changes in the rate of oxygen consumption, rate of ammonia excretion and O:N ratio on April and May during summer. The adult bivalves with small size, showed high values of O:N ratio (29.5547±3.7473) on April and (32.2309±3.2949) on May during summer compared to larger sized animals(20.5216±1.2097) on April and (17.5520±2.8302)on May. The values of O:N ratio were found to be greater in large sized bivalves on May during summer season. The results are discussed in the light of metabolic processes in fresh-water bivalve molluscs

An Overview of Management of Cancer Approach with Medical and Dental Considerations

This review emphasizes about making the members of the professional Colleges aware of some important aspects of oral cancer in particular &amp; cancer of body in general and its impact on the Dental Surgeons to be a part of the weapon against fighting this devastating disease. Cancer is the major public health problem affecting developed and developing countries. Therefore this review focusses on cancer management by taking into mind dental and medical considerations

Door to Surpass Barriers: A Key for Better Utilisation of Dental Services

Oral health is an important component of a person's overall health. Oral health care services have long been a concern in underdeveloped nations like India since they are expensive, inaccessible, and underutilized&nbsp;&nbsp; by the general public. Oral health treatment is costly in both the business and private sectors levels and are inexpensive in medical and dental schools, where they are offered by trainees under good supervision. Unawareness of the importance of oral health, a lack of recognized needs, financial restraints, cultural and psychological hurdles are only a few of the challenges that prevent the general public from taking advantage of these services. Oral health insurance, government implementation awareness initiatives, and the development of oral health policies could all help to overcome these obstacles. Every dental surgeon should make a contribution to the cause about this shift in the Indian population's behaviour

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Future Challenges and Recommendations for Dental Settings

The novel coronavirus outbreak is a contagious disease affecting the countries around the world. The quick advancing nature of pandemic has gripped the entire community making it a public health emergency. Infection control preventive measures are necessary to prevent it from further spreading. Medical practitioners, health care workers and Dentists are at high risk of acquiring and transmission of infection. The virus transmission occurs through respiratory tract, aerosols and droplets. Clinical manifestations of virus vary from mild to severe sickness. This review article mainly emphasizes on all the information collected to date on the virus, and future recommendations for dental settings to manage the further spread of this virus

Is Plaque Removal Efficacy of Toothbrush Related to Bristle Flaring? A 3-month Prospective Parallel Experimental Study

Background: Toothbrushes are over-the-counter products; therefore, no special instruction is given to users when they purchase. There are scarce published studies that have investigated about how often toothbrushes should be replaced. Thus, this study aimed to verify the impact of the Progressive Toothbrush Bristle Flaring on plaque control efficacy of toothbrush.Materials and Methods: Thirty six subjects were randomly selected and underwent complete oral prophylaxis 10 days prior to the Baseline plaque recording. All subjects were provided with new similar toothbrushes and were divided into two groups. New Brush Group changed toothbrush every month and Old month Group used single toothbrush for the whole period of the study. Both groups were assessed for plaque accumulation every month using Turesky et al, (1970) modification of the Quigley and Hein (1962) plaque index. Toothbrush head was photographed and assessed by measuring the brushing surface area on standardized photographs using National Institutes of Health Image Analysis Program (USA).Results: Both groups showed similar plaque scores at the 40th day; progressive increase in the plaque scores in group without changing the toothbrush were recorded at the 70th and 100th days. As toothbrush flaring increased, the plaque scores also increased in the Old Brush Group. Highest plaque accumulation was recorded in Mandibular Lingual aspects in Old Brush Group.Conclusion: Progressive increase was seen in the plaque scores with increase in toothbrush bristle flaring.Keywords: Toothbrush, Efficacy of Toothbrush, Bristle Flaring, Plaque Remova

Non-Syndromic Unilateralsupplemental Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case Report

Background: Supernumerary teeth are developmental anomaly. There are various theories explaining their occurrence. Maxilla is more commonly affected and males have higher predilection than females for having supernumerary teeth.Case Details: The present case is presented with three permanent central incisors, all of them with normal morphology. On clinical and radiographic examination, it was identified as a case of nonsyndromic unilateral left supplemental maxillary central incisor. Treatment plan involved extraction of the supplemental tooth followed by orthodontic treatment to correct the malalignment of the teeth.Conclusion: The presence of supplemental teeth of normal morphology is quite a rare condition and are commonly associated with various syndromes but, in rare cases, they also exists as non-syndromic forms. Supernumerary teeth can cause aesthetic or functional problems, especially when situated in the maxillary anterior region. Complications related to the phenomenon can be minimized by early detection and by carrying out a comprehensive treatment protocol.Keywords: supplemental, central inciso

Fabrication of Hydrogel Infused with Geranium Oil Loaded Nanosponges: Pharmaceutical and In-Vivo Evaluation

Introduction: Geranium oil is a volatile oil that is derived from the leaves of Pelargonium graveolens and has a variety of pharmacologic effects. The main constituents of the essential oil were citronellol (37.5%), geraniol (6.0%), caryophyllene oxide (3.7%), menthone (3.1%), linalool (3.0%), β-bourbonene (2.7%), iso-menthone (2.1%) and geranyl formate (2.0%).Objectives:The formulation was developed to improve safety and efficacy of active component. The rate of drug delivery at targeted site can be achieved through this dosage form. Furthermore, the volatile nature of its main active component may cause volatilization and interaction with other formulation elements. To address these issues, our study intends to develop geranium-loaded nanosponges with improved antifungal properties.Methods: Solvent Evaporation TechniqueResults: Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, FESEM, and in vitro release were all tested on the formulated formulations. The nanosponge dispersions were all nanosized, and the nanosponges had a spherical uniform shape with a spongy structure, according to FESEM data.Conclusions:The nanosponges made using PVA: EC (1:1) were determined to be superior in the in-vitro release testing, as they displayed sustained drug release from nanosponges and were subsequently selected for antifungal potential investigation. It was evaluated for antifungal efficacy against C. albican, with findings confirming the nanosponges\u27 excellent antifungal activity