Quantitative urinalysis using aggregation-induced emission bioprobes for monitoring chronic kidney disease

First published on 05 Sep 2016Early detection and appropriate management of chronic kidney disease can reduce the progression of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. The urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) test is a standard urine test for identifying individuals at high risk of developing progressive kidney disease. In this study, IDATPE, a novel fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features, is successfully developed for creatinine detection and quantitation. An excellent correlation between fluorescent light intensity and creatinine concentration is achieved. In addition, BSPOTPE, a reported excellent AIE bioprobe for human serum albumin (HSA) quantitation, is used together with IDATPE in artificial urine for UACR testing. The mutual interference of HSA and creatinine when the bioprobes are used for quantitation is characterised, with promising results. Further improvements and potential applications in CKD quantitation are highlighted.Tong Chen, Lucia Viglianti, Yabin Zhou, Hui Tan, Ben Zhong Tang and Youhong Tan

Dynamics of driven interfaces near isotropic percolation transition

We consider the dynamics and kinetic roughening of interfaces embedded in uniformly random media near percolation treshold. In particular, we study simple discrete ``forest fire'' lattice models through Monte Carlo simulations in two and three spatial dimensions. An interface generated in the models is found to display complex behavior. Away from the percolation transition, the interface is self-affine with asymptotic dynamics consistent with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. However, in the vicinity of the percolation transition, there is a different behavior at earlier times. By scaling arguments we show that the global scaling exponents associated with the kinetic roughening of the interface can be obtained from the properties of the underlying percolation cluster. Our numerical results are in good agreement with theory. However, we demonstrate that at the depinning transition, the interface as defined in the models is no longer self-affine. Finally, we compare these results to those obtained from a more realistic reaction-diffusion model of slow combustion.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E (1998

Elastic String in a Random Medium

We consider a one dimensional elastic string as a set of massless beads interacting through springs characterized by anisotropic elastic constants. The string, driven by an external force, moves in a medium with quenched disorder. We present evidence that the consideration of longitudinal fluctuations leads to nonlinear behavior in the equation of motion which is {\it kinematically} generated by the motion of the string. The strength of the nonlinear effects depends on the anisotropy of the medium and the distance from the depinning transition. On the other hand the consideration of restricted solid on solid conditions imposed to the growth of the string leads to a nonlinear term in the equation of motion with a {\it diverging} coefficient at the depinning transition.Comment: 9 pages, REVTEX, figures available upon request from [email protected]

Driven interfaces in disordered media: determination of universality classes from experimental data

While there have been important theoretical advances in understanding the universality classes of interfaces moving in porous media, the developed tools cannot be directly applied to experiments. Here we introduce a method that can identify the universality class from snapshots of the interface profile. We test the method on discrete models whose universality class is well known, and use it to identify the universality class of interfaces obtained in experiments on fluid flow in porous media.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Pipe network model for scaling of dynamic interfaces in porous media

We present a numerical study on the dynamics of imbibition fronts in porous media using a pipe network model. This model quantitatively reproduces the anomalous scaling behavior found in imbibition experiments [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 52}, 5166 (1995)]. Using simple scaling arguments, we derive a new identity among the scaling exponents in agreement with the experimental results.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Fate of Chemical Activators in the Aqueous Environment: What Should We Do About IT?

The commonly used activators in chemical activation of activated carbon are very toxic and poisonous to the aquatic environment. Finding trade-off solutions without compromising the quality of activated carbon and jeopardizing the environment have become the subject of considerable interest. This paper is aimed to shed some light on the inevitable release of chemical activators to the aqueous environment, and offers some possible solutions to overcome the emergence of secondary pollution

Singularities and Avalanches in Interface Growth with Quenched Disorder

A simple model for an interface moving in a disordered medium is presented. The model exhibits a transition between the two universality classes of interface growth phenomena. Using this model, it is shown that the application of constraints to the local slopes of the interface produces avalanches of growth, that become relevant in the vicinity of the depinning transition. The study of these avalanches reveals a singular behavior that explains a recently observed singularity in the equation of motion of the interface.Comment: 4 pages. REVTEX. 4 figs available on request from [email protected]

Combustion instability research Summary report, 1970

Combustion instability in liquid rocket engine