Interpretação hidrogeoquímica das águas subterrâneas da ilha de Marajó.

Information obtained in a research survey carried oat by IDESP was used to investigate, groundwater hydrogeochemistry on Marajó island. The samples were collected in both dug and drilled wells. The results of physico-chemistry analyses indicated a wide range of concentrations in the water quality parameters which reflects the hydrogeologic complexity on the area. The largest total dissolved solids concentrations ocuured in the central and northern part of the area while the lowest levels were found in the south, southeast and northwest. The waters were predominantly of the sodium-chloride type followed by the mixed-chloride and mixed-bicarbonate types. The Schöeller semi-logarithmic diagram was used to identify waters with similar chemical characteristics. The variation in groundwater composition along the subsurficial flow path indicated a dissolution phenomenon with the dissolved ions increasing from the active groundwater flushing zone to the zone of very sluggish flow. This resulted in a variable mixture of fresh and brackish groundwater. The reduction of sulfate by oxidation of organic matter,the base exchange and adsorption are phenomena that exert an important control on the water chemistry.As pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo IDESP na Ilha de Marajó possibilitaram estudos de hidrogeoquímica das águas subterrâneas. As amostras foram coletadas em poços escavados e em poços tubulares. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas evidenciaram significativas variações nas concentrações dos parâmetros de qualidade de água, refletindo a complexidade hidrogeológica da área. As maiores concentrações de sólidos totais dissolvidos ocorrem na parte central e norte da área, sendo pequena na parte sul, sudeste e noroeste. As águas são predominantemente do tipo sódio-cloretada, seguidas pelos tipos mista-cloretada e mista-bicarbonatada. A utilização de diagramas semi-logarítimicos de Schoeller possibilitou o agrupamento das águas subterrâneas com características químicas similares. A evolução da composição das águas subterrâneas evidencia o aumento da concentração dos íons dissolvidos das zonas de fluxo ativo em áreas de recarga para as zonas de fluxo muito lento. Misturas de águas doces com águas salobras conatas ocorrem em proporções variadas. A redução de sulfatos pela matéria orgânica e a troca de bases e adsorção são fenômenos que atuam na concentração dos íons dissolvidos

Estudo preliminar sobre a hidroquímica da bacia de Jací-Paraná (RO)

O Projeto Estudo de uma Bacia Experimental em Jaci-Paraná (RO), tem como um dos seus objetivos o estudo hidroquímico do rio e igarapés da área. Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados dos parâmetros físico-químicos pH, condutibilidade elétrica, material húmico, consumo orgânico, sulfato, cálcio e magnésio (alcalinos terrosos), sódio e potássio (alcalino), cloretos, ferrom, nitrogêncio de Kjeldahl e sílica. analisados durante os anos outubro/84 á novembro/85, compreendendo os períodos chuvoso e seco. As amostras de água foram coletadas no rio Jaci-Paraná, no igarapé Tamanduá (drena e bacia) e no igarapé Bejarana (Fig. 1)

Hydrochemical classification and nitrate contamination of the Barreiras unconfined aquifer in Capitão Pocinho river basin of the mid Guamá river region in eastern Amazonia

The Capitão Pocinho river basin at the northeastern Pará constitutes one important area of orange production in Brazil, with use of herbicides and fertilizers in the management practice. This research analyzed the diffusion of nitrate ions and classified the occurrence of the most important ions. To collect the samples, 16 monitoring wells were dug in the citrus plantation in the Capitão Pocinho village. Water samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons of 2009. Even though the levels of nitrate detected were below the Maximum Allowable Value (MAV) of mg L-1 in all wells analyzed, there was evidence of nitrification in 60% of the wells. In 30% of the area surveyed, the levels of nitrate were higher than 2 mg L-1. The Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3- and NO3- showed a significant relation (p <0.05), while for the multivariate analyses of the remaining ions, the relationships were not significant at 95% confidence level and as well as for the population mean of each variable. The shallow ground waters of the Barreiras unconfined aquifer were classified as calcic bicarbonate and mixed

The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline