Stabilisasi Tanah Lempung Dengan Variasi Penambahan Domato

One of the ways to improve unstable soil properties is by stabilizing it. Soil stabilization can be done by adding a certain additive to the unstable soil.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Domatoaddition on clay swelling and shrinkage property and carrying capacity for subgrades. The testing of the physical properties of the original clay soil was caried out.After that, Domato was added to clay soil with variations of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% of the weight of the original soil.The mechanical properties of the mixture were tested, namely CBR unsoaked, CBR soaked, expansion and free compressive strength. The results showed that the highest increase in the strength of clay stabilized with Domato was in the combination of 70% clay + 30% Domato, namely by increasing the unsoaked CBR value and soaked CBR value by 450% and 655% respectively. The value of the free compressive strength for the 70% clay + 30% Domato mixture combination was 346% of the original soil.Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki sifat tanah yang tidak stabil yaitu dengan cara stabilisasi. Stabilisasi tanah dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan suatu bahan tambah tertentu pada tanah yang tidak stabil.. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variasi penambahan Domato pada tanah lempung terhadap perubahan kembang susut dan daya dukung tanah untuk subgrade. Setelah pengujian sifat fisik tanah asli, selanjutnya dilakukan pencampuran tanah lempung dan Domato dengan variasi penambahan Domato sebesar 5%, 10%, 20% dan 30% dari berat tanah asli, kemudian dilakukan uji sifat mekanis campuran yaitu uji CBR unsoaked, CBR soaked, pengembangan dan kuat tekan bebas. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan memperlihatkan bahwa peningkatan tertinggi kekuatan tanah lempung yang distabilisasi dengan Domato terdapat pada kombinasi 70% tanah lempung + 30% Domato yaitu dengan peningkatan  nilai CBR unsoaked sebesar 450% dari CBR unsoaked tanah asli dan CBR soaked sebesar 655% dari CBR soaked  tanah asli. Sedangkan nilai kuat tekan bebas untuk kombinasi campuran tersebut sebesar 346% dari nilai kuat tekan bebas tanah asli

PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PETANI PADI SAWAH MELALUI PERANAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN TOJO KABUPATEN TOJO UNA - UNA

Agricultural extension agents have a role as a motivator, dynamist, facilitator and communicator. Therefore, extension workers have an important role to provide knowledge to farmers about improving farming and crop productivity, in this case rice farming in Tojo District, Tojo Una-Una Regency. This research was carried out from May to August 2020 in Tojo District, Tojo Una-Una Regency and the objective was to determine the role of agricultural extension workers in increasing the competence of paddy field farmers. The research was carried out using quantitative methods with a total sample of 144 paddy field farmers. Based on the research results, the role of extension workers as advisors increases the competence of paddy field farmers in the cultivation aspect, while the role of extension agents as motivators, dynamists, communicators and facilitators was very significantly negatively related to the competence of farmers in aspects of cultivation and harvesting

PENGARUH BOBOT RIMPANG DAN KOMBINASI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var.rubrum)

Ginger as a biopharmaca commodity plant occupies a very important position in the economy of the Indonesian people so it is important to be cultivated. The study aims to determinate the best rhizome weight and composition of planting media and their interaction with the initial growth of red ginger seedlings. this study was designed using a randomized block factorial design with 2 treatment factor consisting of the first factor being planting media (M) consisting of: M1 : soil; M2: soil + sand + cow manure (1:1:1); M3: soil + sand+chicken manure ( 1:1:1); M4: soil + sand + goat manure (1:1:1); M5:soil + husk charcoal + cow manure (1:1:1); M6: soil+husk charcoal + chicken manure (1:1:1); M7: soil + husk charcoal + goat manure (1:1:1). the second factor is the weight of the rhizome  (R) which consists of R1: rhizome weight 10 ≥ to <20 grams; R2 rhizome weight ≥20 to  ≤30 grams. The result showed that the treatment of the use of rhizome weight of ≥20 to ≤30 grams significantly affected plant height, the number of leaves, shoot diameter, and several shoots. the use of the composition of the planting media (M5) gives the best effect on the age parameters of sprouting. there was no interaction on all observed parameters

RESPON TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR REBUNG BAMBU

Cayenne pepper is a vegetable plant that has great potential to be developed in Indonesia because it can meet the needs of households, domestic industries, exports, and raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry. One way to increase the yield of cayenne pepper is by giving liquid organic fertilizer (POC) for bamboo shoots. This study aims to determine the response of cayenne pepper toward the application of POC and gets the best POC concentration to support the growth and production of cayenne pepper. This study used a randomized block design with treatment in the form of POC concentrations consisting of 5 levels (0; 25 ml / L water; 50 ml / L water; 75 ml / L water; 100 ml / L water). Each treatment consisted of 4 replications so that there were 20 experimental units. The results show that the application of POC had a very significant effect on the number of flowers, fresh weight of fruit, and growth rate of cayenne pepper with the best treatment was 75 ml / L of water

TEKNOLOGI PENETASAN TELUR BURUNG MALEO (Macrocephalon maleo Sal. Muller 1846) SEBAGAI UPAYA KONSERVASI

The objective of the research was to determine the best hatching technique of maleo eggs from various measures such as as ex-situ, incubation time and hatch capacity of maleo bird using incubator. Thirty eggs were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park of Palu, Province of central Sulawesi according to an accidental sampling. The results showed that the mean weight of eggs from the National Lore Lindu Park was 208.80 ± 12.30 g, egg length was 102.85 ± 0.034 mm while egg width was 60.66 ± 0.02 mm.  The mean of incubator temperature of was 34.061 ± 0.19ºC with relative humidity of 70.87 ± 1.43 %. The percent of hatching eggs for incubation time of 53-55 days was 23.81 %, for that of 56-58 days was 23.81 %, for that of 59-61 days was 42.85 % and for that of 62-64 days was 9.53 %.  Thus, the average time for the eggs to hatch was 58.47 ± 2.88 days at the hatched rate of 70%. Based on such figures above, it can be concluded that the hatching technique using incubator could become the conservation strategy for maleo bird in Sulawesi particularly in Central Sulawesi Provinc

Pengaruh frekuensi penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah (Allium cepa L.)

Produksi bawang merah di Sulawesi Tengah mengalami penurunan sebesar 12,03% dari tahun 2019 ke tahun 2020. Pada tahun 2019, produksi bawang merah sebesar 6.508 ton, sedangkan pada tahun 2020 produksi hanya mencapai 5.725 ton. Bawang merah memerlukan ketersediaan air yang optimal untuk mendukung  pertumbuhannya. Pemberian air yang tepat bertujuan untuk mengefisienkan penggunaan air serta menghindarkan tanaman dari penyakit jamur terutama pada kondisi kelembaban yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan, yaitu penyiraman 2 kali sehari, 1 hari sekali pada pagi hari, 1 hari sekali pada sore hari, 2 hari sekali pada pagi hari, 2 hari sekali pada sore hari, 3 hari sekali pada pagi hari, dan 3 hari sekali pada sore hari. Tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali, sehingga terdapat 21 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  frekuensi penyiraman berpengaruh nyata hingga sangat nyata pada parameter tingggi tanaman 4 dan 5 MST, jumlah daun 5 MST, bobot segar umbi, dan persentase susut bobot pada bawang merah. Perlakuan penyiraman 2 kali sehari menunjukan nilai tertinggi untuk parameter tinggi tanaman dan, bobot basah umbi dan jumlah daun, selain itu  untuk parameter persentase susut bobot menunjukan hasil paling rendah

Aplikasi Kalsium dan NAA untuk Mengendalikan Getah Kuning Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)

ABSTRACTThe yellow sap is produced naturally in mangosteen organ except in the root. The yellow sap contaminated the aryl and rind if the epithelial cell walls rupture due to deficiency of calcium (Ca). Calcium is one of structural component of cell walls, whereas naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) has its role in improving cell division and cell elongation. Interaction of Ca and NAA can improve sink strength and capacity because the newly formed cells need Ca to construct wall structure. This experiment aimed at finding out the effect of Ca and NAA applications in reducing the contamination of yellow sap in mangosteen. The experiment was conducted by using factorial random block design consisting of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was Ca dosage (0 and 4.8 kg/tree), and the second factor was NAA concentration (0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm). The results showed that application of 4.8 Ca/tree and 200 ppm NAA as much as 5 ml / fruit effectively improve the content of Ca pectate in pericarp, reduced the percentage of yellow sap contamination on the fruit segment, aryl and rind to 0% and 12.3% respectively compared to control (17.8% on fruit segment, 36.8% on aryl and 56.1% on rind).Key words: aryl, Ca pectate, cell wall, middle lamela.ABSTRAKGetah kuning adalah getah yang dihasilkan secara alami pada setiap organ manggis, kecuali pada akar. Getah kuning akan keluar dan mencemari aril serta kulit jika dinding sel epitel pecah karena kekurangan kalsium (Ca). Kalsium adalah komponen dinding sel, berperan dalam struktur dan permeabilitas membran sedangkan asam naftalenasetat (NAA) berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pembelahan dan pembesaran sel. Interaksi keduanya dapat meningkatkan kapasitas sink buah karena sel yang baru terbentuk membutuhkan Ca dalam menyusun struktur dinding sel. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi Ca dan NAA dalam menurunkan cemaran getah kuning manggis. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor ke-1 yaitu dosis Ca (0 dan 4.8 kg Ca/pohon) dan faktor ke-2 yaitu konsentrasi NAA (0, 200, 400 dan 600 ppm) dengan volume semprot 5 ml perbuah. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi 4.8 kg Ca/pohon dengan NAA 200 ppm sebanyak 5 ml/buah efektif meningkatkan kandungan Ca pektat perikarp dan menurunkan persentase buah tercemar getah kuning menjadi 0% pada juring dan aril serta 12.3% pada kulit dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol (17.8% pada juring, 36.8% pada aril dan 56.1% pada kulit buah).Kata kunci: aril, Ca pektat, dinding sel, lamela tenga

DINAMIKA POPULASI SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN PAMONA UTARA KABUPATEN POSO

The objective of this research was to identify the dynamic population of beef cattle at North Pamona of Poso regency. This research was an analytical descriptive study conducted using survey method on 572 respondents taken using a purposive sampling method from all villages at         North Pamona. The result showed that the composition of beef cattle were 533 (34.88%) bull and 995 (65.12%) cows. The total number of bull calves, bullock and bull were 93, 100 and 340, respectively, while the heifer calves, heifers and cows were 135, 130 and 738 respectively.          The birth rate was 30.89% or 14.83% of the total population whereas the motility rate was 2.7% so that the natural increase was 12.13%.  Key words: Beef cattle, population and reproductivity

Application of calcium to decrease yellow sap contamination at different positions of Garcinia mangostana L.

The present research aimed at studying the effects of Ca application,through soil fertilization, on yellow sap contamination based on the position of the fruits on the canopy of the tree. The tree was divided into 6 sectors based on the differences in light exposure i.e. sector 1, 2, and 3 for shaded fruit positions and sector 4, 5, and 6 for well-exposed (to light) fruit positions. The present study used a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD), consisting of 2 treatments i.e. 0 kg Ca/tree and 4.8 kg Ca/tree. The results revealed that Ca treatment lead to an increase in Ca-pectate content in pericarp. In addition, the exposed fruit position allegedly increase the absorption of Ca-pectate to thefruit. Thus, it is important to both apply Ca on the soil and ensure that the fruit, in the canopy, gets enough light to decrease the occurrence of yellow sap contamination. The well-exposed position of the fruit, in the 4.8 kg Ca/tree treatment during anthesis, had increased the Ca-pectate content of the pericarp which, in turn, resulted in a decrease in yellow sap contamination in segment, aryl, and rind of the mangosteen fruit

Does socioeconomic status matter? The fertility transition in a northern Italian village (marriage cohorts 1900‒1940)

Background: The paper explores the mechanisms of the European fertility transition in northern Italy by social group. Objective: Our objective is to understand when and in which sectors of a rural society the reduction of family size began. We focus on Emilia-Romagna, a region that in the 1990s had the lowest fertility level in Italy. The core purpose of this paper is the analysis of socioeconomic status (SES) fertility differentials, especially between rural sharecroppers and landless rural workers, as well as other non-agricultural groups. Methods: Our analysis focuses on the reproductive histories of marriage cohorts in the years 1900‒1940. We perform a micro-level statistical analysis of legitimate births of parity 1+. Results: In this period fertility decline has just begun, and shows a strong decline in the post-WWI marriage cohorts. Although nonagricultural groups lead the downward trend in family size, the role of socioeconomic status means that the path of sharecropper households is atypical. Conclusions: The fertility transition proceeds by means of spacing and stopping, testifying to a new attitude towards birth control, which agricultural and nonagricultural social groups adopted in different ways. Usually, the decline in fertility progresses from nonagricultural to rural classes. In the rural world the path is inverted, going from the lower to the upper groups. Contribution: The paper contributes to the debate on the links between socioeconomic status and fertility transition in Italy. It shows that the link between household economy and control of fertility is specific to SES groups, which can follow atypical paths, compared to the known reference model. The use of microdemographic data provides evidence for the hypothesis that the fertility transition can be shaped by the specific social and economic characteristics of population subgroups