379 research outputs found
EIS voor IJS:ontwikkeling van een informatieplan en Executive Information System voor de Unilever ijs-groep
Relationship between aeration and rheology of breads.
The relationship between aeration and rheology of bread was investigated by varying ingredient and processing factors during bread proofing and baking processes. Dough and bread aeration were quantified using density measurements from the volumetric methods. Dough rheology was characterized by the rising rate and maximum proofed height under a constant force using a texture analyzer, while bread rheology was characterized using the bread firmness test. Increasing flour strength and yeast level decreased dough and bread density and bread firmness but increased the rising rate and maximum proofed height of dough significantly (P 0.79) with its rheological properties
A Deficiency Problem of the Least Squares Finite Element Method for Solving Radiative Transfer in Strongly Inhomogeneous Media
The accuracy and stability of the least squares finite element method (LSFEM)
and the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) for solving radiative transfer in
homogeneous and inhomogeneous media are studied theoretically via a frequency
domain technique. The theoretical result confirms the traditional understanding
of the superior stability of the LSFEM as compared to the GFEM. However, it is
demonstrated numerically and proved theoretically that the LSFEM will suffer a
deficiency problem for solving radiative transfer in media with strong
inhomogeneity. This deficiency problem of the LSFEM will cause a severe
accuracy degradation, which compromises too much of the performance of the
LSFEM and makes it not a good choice to solve radiative transfer in strongly
inhomogeneous media. It is also theoretically proved that the LSFEM is
equivalent to a second order form of radiative transfer equation discretized by
the central difference scheme
Identification of rice chromosome segment substitution line Z322-1-10 and mapping QTLs for agronomic traits from the F<sub>3</sub> population
Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are powerful tools to combine naturally occurring genetic variants with favorable alleles in the same genetic backgrounds of elite cultivars. An elite CSSL Z322-1-10 was identified from advanced backcrosses between a japonica cultivar Nipponbare and an elite indica restorer Xihui 18 by SSR marker-assisted selection (MAS). The Z322-1-10 line carries five substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6 and 10 with an average length of 4.80 Mb. Spikilets per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain length in the Z322-1-10 line are significantly higher than those in Nipponbare. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and mapped for nine agronomic traits in an F3 population derived from the cross between Nipponbare and Z322-1-10 using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method in the HPMIXED procedure of SAS. We detected 13 QTLs whose effect ranging from 2.45% to 44.17% in terms of phenotypic variance explained. Of the 13 loci detected, three are major QTL (qGL1, qGW5-1 and qRLW5-1) and they explain 34.68%, 44.17% and 33.05% of the phenotypic variance. The qGL1 locus controls grain length with a typical Mendelian dominance inheritance of 3:1 ratio for long grain to short grain. The already cloned QTL qGW5-1 is linked with a minor QTL for grain width qGW5-2 (13.01%) in the same substitution segment. Similarly, the previously reported qRLW5-1 is also linked with a minor QTL qRLW5-2. Not only the study is important for fine mapping and cloning of the gene qGL1, but also has a great potential for molecular breeding
Cross-reactive t cell responses to dengue viral antigens and the cytokine profile among dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever patients in Malaysia
On the Derivation of Vector Radiative Transfer Equation for Polarized Radiative Transport in Graded Index Media
Light transport in graded index media follows a curved trajectory determined
by the Fermat's principle. Besides the effect of variation of the refractive
index on the transport of radiative intensity, the curved ray trajectory will
induce geometrical effects on the transport of polarization ellipse. This paper
presents a complete derivation of vector radiative transfer equation for
polarized radiation transport in absorption, emission and scattering graded
index media. The derivation is based on the analysis of the conserved
quantities for polarized light transport along curved trajectory and a novel
approach. The obtained transfer equation can be considered as a generalization
of the classic vector radiative transfer equation that is only valid for
uniform refractive index media. Several variant forms of the transport equation
are also presented, which include the form for Stokes parameters defined with a
fixed reference and the Eulerian forms in the ray coordinate and in several
common orthogonal coordinate systems.Comment: This paper has been submitted to JQSR
Plasmodium knowlesi reinfection in human
To the Editor: In 2004, a large number of patients infected with Plasmodium knowlesi (simian malarial species) were reported in Sarawak, Malaysia (1). P. knowlesi infection was also reported in Peninsular Malaysia (2). Here we report a case of human P. knowlesi reinfection. Phylogenetic sequence analysis shows that the first and second infections were caused by different strains of P. knowlesi
Genetic Analysis of High Protein Content in ‘AC Proteus’ Related Soybean Populations Using SSR, SNP, DArT and DArTseq Markers
Key message: Several AC Proteus derived genomic regions (QTLs, SNPs) have been identified which may prove useful for further development of high yielding high protein cultivars and allele-specific marker developments. High seed protein content is a trait which is typically difficult to introgress into soybean without an accompanying reduction in seed yield. In a previous study, ‘AC Proteus’ was used as a high protein source and was found to produce populations that did not exhibit the typical association between high protein and low yield. Five high x low protein RIL populations and a high x high protein RIL population were evaluated by either quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis or bulk segregant analyses (BSA) following phenotyping in the field. QTL analysis in one population using SSR, DArT and DArTseq markers found two QTLs for seed protein content on chromosomes 15 and 20. The BSA analyses suggested multiple genomic regions are involved with high protein content across the five populations, including the two previously mentioned QTLs. In an alternative approach to identify high protein genes, pedigree analysis identified SNPs for which the allele associated with high protein was retained in seven high protein descendants of AC Proteus on chromosomes 2, 17 and 18. Aside from the two identified QTLs (five genomic regions in total considering the two with highly elevated test statistic, but below the statistical threshold and the one with epistatic interactions) which were some distance from Meta-QTL regions and which were also supported by our BSA analysis within five populations. These high protein regions may prove useful for further development of high yielding high protein cultivars
Spectral Element Method for Vector Radiative Transfer Equation
A spectral element method (SEM) is developed to solve polarized radiative
transfer in multidimensional participating medium. The angular discretization
is based on the discrete-ordinates approach, and the spatial discretization is
conducted by spectral element approach. Chebyshev polynomial is used to build
basis function on each element. Four various test problems are taken as
examples to verify the performance of the SEM. The effectiveness of the SEM is
demonstrated. The h and the p convergence characteristics of the SEM are
studied. The convergence rate of p-refinement follows the exponential decay
trend and is superior to that of h-refinement. The accuracy and efficiency of
the higher order approximation in the SEM is well demonstrated for the solution
of the VRTE. The predicted angular distribution of brightness temperature and
Stokes vector by the SEM agree very well with the benchmark solutions in
references. Numerical results show that the SEM is accurate, flexible and
effective to solve multidimensional polarized radiative transfer problems.Comment: The paper have bee published in JQSR
Study of Thermal Properties of Graphene-Based Structures Using the Force Constant Method
The thermal properties of graphene-based materials are theoretically
investigated. The fourth-nearest neighbor force constant method for phonon
properties is used in conjunction with both the Landauer ballistic and the
non-equilibrium Green's function techniques for transport. Ballistic phonon
transport is investigated for different structures including graphene, graphene
antidot lattices, and graphene nanoribbons. We demonstrate that this particular
methodology is suitable for robust and efficient investigation of phonon
transport in graphene-based devices. This methodology is especially useful for
investigations of thermoelectric and heat transport applications.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl
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