11 research outputs found
Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData Availability:
The data used in this paper are associated with JWST program ERS 1366 (observation #4) and
are available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (https://mast.stsci.edu). Science
data processing version (SDP_VER) 2022_2a generated the uncalibrated data that we
downloaded from MAST. We used JWST Calibration Pipeline software version (CAL_VER)
1.5.3 with modifications described in the text. We used calibration reference data from context
(CRDS_CTX) 0916, except as noted in the text. All the data and models presented in this
publication can be found at 10.5281/zenodo.7185300.Code Availability:
The codes used in this publication to extract, reduce and analyze the data are as follows;
STScI JWST Calibration pipeline45 (https://github.com/spacetelescope/jwst), Eureka!53
(https://eurekadocs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), ExoTiC-JEDI47 (https://github.com/ExoTiC/ExoTiC-JEDI), juliet71 (https://juliet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), Tiberius15,49,50,
transitspectroscopy51 (https://github.com/nespinoza/transitspectroscopy). In addition, these
made use of batman65 (http://lkreidberg.github.io/batman/docs/html/index.html), celerite86
(https://celerite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/), chromatic (https://zkbt.github.io/chromatic/),
Dynesty72 (https://dynesty.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html), emcee69
(https://emcee.readthedocs.io/en/stable/), exoplanet83 (https://docs.exoplanet.codes/en/latest/),
ExoTEP75–77, ExoTHETyS79 (https://github.com/ucl-exoplanets/ExoTETHyS), ExoTiCISM57 (https://github.com/Exo-TiC/ExoTiC-ISM), ExoTiC-LD58 (https://exoticld.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), george68 (https://george.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) JAX82
(https://jax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), LMFIT70 (https://lmfit.github.io/lmfit-py/),
Pylightcurve78 (https://github.com/ucl-exoplanets/pylightcurve), Pymc3138
(https://docs.pymc.io/en/v3/index.html) and Starry84 (https://starry.readthedocs.io/en/latest/),
each of which use the standard python libraries astropy139,140, matplotlib141, numpy142,
pandas143, scipy64 and xarray144. The atmospheric models used to fit the data can be found at
ATMO[Tremblin2015,Drummond2016,Goyal2018,Goyal2020]88–91, PHOENIX92–94,
PICASO98,99 (https://natashabatalha.github.io/picaso/), Virga98,107
(https://natashabatalha.github.io/virga/), and gCMCRT115
(https://github.com/ELeeAstro/gCMCRT).Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Access to an exoplanet’s chemical inventory requires high precision observations, often inferred from individual molecular detections with low-resolution space-based and high-resolution ground-based facilities. Here we report the medium-resolution (R≈600) transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere between 3–5 μm covering multiple absorption features for the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b, obtained with JWST NIRSpec G395H. Our observations achieve 1.46×
photon precision, providing an average transit depth uncertainty of 221 ppm per spectroscopic bin, and present minimal impacts from systematic effects. We detect significant absorption from CO2 (28.5σ
) and H2O (21.5σ
), and identify SO2 as the source of absorption at 4.1 μ
m (4.8σ
). Best-fit atmospheric models range between 3×
and 10×
solar metallicity, with sub-solar to solar C/O ratios. These results, including the detection of SO2, underscore the importance of characterising the chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres, and showcase NIRSpec G395H as an excellent mode for time series observations over this critical wavelength range.Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)UKR
Mid-pregnancy and postpartum maternal mental health and infant sleep in the first year of life
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10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.129J Affect Disord334187-19
Mechanical and failure behavior of three-dimensional six-directional braided composites bolted joint
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Domain-wall engineering and topological defects in ferroelectric and ferroelastic materials
Differential recognition of Haemophilus influenzae whole bacterial cells and isolated lipooligosaccharides by galactose-specific lectins
Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b
This is the author accepted manuscript.Data Availability:
The data used in this paper are associated with JWST DD-ERS program 1366 (PIs Batalha,
Bean, and Stevenson; observation 11) and are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive
for Space Telescopes (https://mast.stsci.edu). Additional intermediate and final results from this work are archived on Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10525170Hot Jupiters are among the best-studied exoplanets, but it is still poorly understood how their
chemical composition and cloud properties vary with longitude. Theoretical models predict
that clouds may condense on the nightside and that molecular abundances can be driven out
of equilibrium by zonal winds. Here we report a phase-resolved emission spectrum of the hot
Jupiter WASP-43b measured from 5–12 µm with JWST’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI).
The spectra reveal a large day–night temperature contrast (with average brightness temperatures of 1524 ± 35 and 863 ± 23 Kelvin, respectively) and evidence for water absorption at
all orbital phases. Comparisons with three-dimensional atmospheric models show that both
the phase curve shape and emission spectra strongly suggest the presence of nightside clouds
which become optically thick to thermal emission at pressures greater than ∼100 mbar. The
dayside is consistent with a cloudless atmosphere above the mid-infrared photosphere. Contrary to expectations from equilibrium chemistry but consistent with disequilibrium kinetics
models, methane is not detected on the nightside (2σ upper limit of 1–6 parts per million,
depending on model assumptions).NASAEuropean Research Council (ERC)NSFNHFP Sagan Fellowship ProgramAustrian Science Fund (FWF)Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)KU LeuvenEuropean Union Horizon 2020FWOANRCentre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES