The impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.Peer reviewe

Subjective mental well-being among higher education students in Finland during the first wave of COVID-19

Aims: Increased mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic have become a major concern among young adults. Our aim was to understand which COVID-19-related questions predicted mental well-being during the outbreak. Methods: Two cross-sectional datasets were used. The primary dataset was collected in May 2020 (n = 1001), during the initial COVID-19 outbreak, and the secondary in April 2019 (n = 10866), before the pandemic. Mental well-being was assessed with the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Relationships between mental well-being and COVID-19-related questions were investigated with lasso regression. As an exploratory analysis, two-way ANOVAs were used to compare mental well-being before and during the outbreak. Results: Higher levels of mental well-being were associated with lower levels of academic stress and COVID-19-related worry, along with a higher satisfaction with the procedures and information provided by the higher education institutions and the government. COVID-19-related symptoms and infections did not have an impact on students' mental well-being during the outbreak. Small to moderate effect sizes across the time points were detected, indicating an overall decrease in mental well-being across age and gender during the outbreak. Conclusions: COVID-19 had an impact on higher education students' mental well-being. Higher education institutes may play a crucial role in protecting their students' well-being during uncertain times.Peer reviewe

Interpersonal emotion regulation in team sport: mechanisms and reasons to regulate teammates' emotions examined

The interpersonal dimension of emotion regulation in the field of sport has lately received a burgeoning interest. Nevertheless, how and why athletes regulate their teammates' emotions in competitive setting remains unclear. Across two studies within a team sport context, we uncovered athletes' mechanisms for, and reasons to regulate teammates' emotions during competition. In Study 1, we investigated how rugby (N = 22 males) players' emotions were self- and interpersonally regulated during games. Findings revealed the emergence of a continuum of self-involvement in the regulatory processes, wherein two forms of emotion regulation co-existed: self-regulation (total self-involvement) and interpersonal regulation, which included co-regulation (partial self-involvement; regulation with others) and extrinsic regulation (no self-involvement; regulation by/of others). In Study 2, we examined the motives that lead rugby (n = 30 males) players to use interpersonal extrinsic regulation strategies during games. Interview data indicated that players regulated teammates' emotions for altruistic reasons (to help a teammate), egoistic reasons (for one's own benefits), or both. Overall, our findings further knowledge to better understand interpersonal emotion regulation within competitive team sport contexts. From an applied perspective, findings highlight the role that both individual goals and ego involvement may play in optimising efficient interpersonal regulation during competition at team level

3D printed control for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) close-range photogrammetric reconstruction

The use of photogrammetry in archaeology and anthropology has become increasingly popular over the past decade. If the intended purpose of a three-dimensional (3D) model generated by commercial “off-the-shelf” (COTS) photographic equipment is geometric analysis or preservation by record, appropriate 3D control is recommended to improve orientation estimates and, in turn, the accuracy of the output 3D model. Further, independent measures of the quality of the photogrammetric model (in addition to the 3D model output itself) are recommended for robust validation. This paper evaluates the use of bespoke 3D printed designs (cradles) to add both control points to close-range 3D model and check points for validation. There were no statistically significant differences between the control and check points errors and intra-observer error was low and comparable to conventional manual measurement methods, thus providing an accessible method of adding 3D control to close-range photogrammetry

Positive youth development in swimming: clarification and consensus of key psychosocial assets

The purpose of this study was to gain a more cohesive understanding of the assets considered necessary to develop in young swimmers to ensure both individual and sport specific development. This two stage study involved (a) a content analysis of key papers to develop a list of both psychosocial skills for performance enhancement and assets associated with positive youth development, and (b) in-depth interviews involving ten expert swim coaches, practitioners and youth sport scholars. Five higher order categories containing seventeen individual assets emerged. These results are discussed in relation to both existing models of positive youth development and implications for coaches, practitioners and parents when considering the psychosocial development of young British swimmers

Residual Energy Dispersal Fracturing: A newly proposed term for fractures propagating from sharp-force trauma

Objectives: The identification and interpretation of skeletal trauma is an important topic in osteoarchaeology, forensic anthropology and palaeosciences. Trauma analysis is a fast-moving sub-discipline with constantly evolving methodological approaches. This paper describes the process of a particular form of fracturing that propagates specifically from the floor of cut marks and proposes new terminology for this subset of fractures. Materials and Methods: This terminological gap was identified during the reexamination of remains from a minimum of 52 decapitated individuals (52 postcranial and 47 cranial remains) found in a mass grave from the 10th–11th century CE on Ridgeway Hill near Weymouth in Dorset (UK) in 2009. Originally analyzed by Oxford Archaeology Ltd., all individuals in this collection were re-appraised using digital technology to test new techniques for this study. Results: During this investigation, it has become apparent that the length of chop marks can be overestimated during some conventional analysis because the chop transitions into a fracture propagating from the floor of the chop mark. Discussion: To increase awareness of these fractures, the term residual energy dispersal (RED) fractures is proposed as these are distinct from other radiating fractures arising from sharp-blunt-force trauma. The ability to distinguish RED fractures from others has the potential to contribute to the identification of previously unidentified chop marks and to the interpretation of events surrounding an injury

Digital multiplex ligation assay for highly multiplexed screening of beta-lactamase-encoding genes in bacterial isolates

Increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in clinical and environmental settings calls for increased scalability in their surveillance. Current screening technologies are limited by the number of samples and genes that can easily be screened. We demonstrate here digital multiplex ligation assay (dMLA) as a low-cost targeted genomic detection workflow capable of highly-parallel screening of bacterial isolates for multiple target gene regions simultaneously. Here, dMLA is used for simultaneous detection of 1187 beta-lactamase-encoding genes, including extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, in 74 bacterial isolates. We demonstrate dMLA as a light-weight and cost-efficient workflow which provides a highly scalable tool for antimicrobial resistance surveillance and is also adaptable to genetic screening applications beyond antibiotic resistance.Tamminen et al. develop a digital multiplex ligation assay (dMLA) that enables the detection of bacterial isolates using probe hybridization and ligation-based assays with next-generation sequencing. Their method can be applied in high-throughput and affordable screening for antibiotic resistance