Dilute-phase pneumatic conveying of polystyrene particles: pressure drop curve and particle distribution over the pipe cross-section

During the pneumatic conveying of plastic pellets, it has been observed that materials with similar physical characteristics may develop a substantial difference in pressure drop. In this work, the pressure drop in a particle-laden 2.7 meter long horizontal channel with circular cross-section is presented from an experimental perspective. Experiments are carried out for cylindrical polystyrene beads with an average diameter of 3.2 mm and mass loadings of 0.06 to 0.11 (kg particles/kg gas). The air mass flow rate was studied in the range from 0.085 kg/s to 0.170 kg/s. The pressure drop curve is shown as a function of air velocity and particle load. Response surface methodology showed high statistical significance for air velocity, particle load and their cross-relation.8188Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Studies of efficiency in a perforated rotating disc contactor using a polymer-polymer aqueous two-phase systems

The mass transfer process in a perforated rotating disc contactor (PRDC) using a polymer-polymer aqueous two-phase system was investigated. The results show that the efficiency did not show a regular trend with the increase of the dispersed phase velocity and increased with the rotation velocity. The separation efficiency was higher for three rotating discs than for four discs. The increase in tie-line length decreased the efficiency. The separation efficiency reached high values, about 96% under conditions studied in this work.489493Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

EXPANDED BED ADSORPTION OF BROMELAIN (EC 3.4.22.33) FROM Ananas comosus CRUDE EXTRACT

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)This work focuses on the adsorption of Bromelain in expanded bed conditions, such as the adsorption kinetics parameters. The adsorption kinetics parameters showed that after 40 minutes equilibrium was achieved and maximum adsorption capacity was 6.11 U per resin mL. However, the maximum adsorption capacity was only determined by measuring the adsorption isotherm. Only by the Langmuir model the maximum adsorption capacity, Qm, and dissociation constant, kd, values could be estimated as 9.18 U/mL and 0.591, respectively, at 25 degrees C and 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.5. A column made of glass with an inner diameter of 1 cm was used for the expanded bed adsorption (EBA). The residence time was reduced 10 fold by increasing the expansion degree 2.5 times; nonetheless, the plate number (N) value was reduced only 2 fold. After adsorption, the bromelain was eluted in packed bed mode, with a downward flow. The purification factor was about 13 fold and the total protein was reduced 4 fold. EBA showed to be feasible for purification of bromelain.261149157Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Optimization and evaluation of biosurfactant produced by Pantoea sp. using pineapple peel residue, vegetable fat and corn steep liquor

In this study, the authors have investigated the potential of a bacterial strain of Pantoea sp., isolated from wastewater of the textile industry, for the production of biosurfactant. The biosurfactant production was optimized by the combination of CCD (central composite design) and RSM (response surface methodology). To assess the effects and interactions of medium the vegetable fat (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 v/v), the variables corn steep liquor (2.0, 5.0 and 8.0 v/v) and pineapple peel residue (10.0, 25.0 and 40.0 v/v) on the surface tension were evaluated. The empirical model developed through RSM in terms of the effective operational factors mentioned above was found to be adequate to describe the biosurfactant production. Compositional analysis of the produced biosurfactant has been carried out by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectoscopy) and subjected to the test of removing hydrocarbons. Through the analysis, vegetable fat and pineapple peel residue were found to be the most significant factors, whereas corn steep liquor had less effect within the ranges investigated. A maximum reduction in surface tension of 30.00 mN/m was obtained under the optimal conditions of 2.0% (v/v) vegetable fat concentration, 5.0% (v/v) corn steep liquor and 25.0% (v/v) pineapple peel residue concentration of medium. FT-IR spectrometer analysis of the biosurfactant characterized it as a glycolipid derivative. The biosurfactant exhibited the ability to solubilize the hydrocarbons tested, working between 64% and 92%. According to consists of bars with a length proportional to the absolute value of the estimated effects divided by the standard error. On this chart, ANOVA (analysis of variance) effect estimates are arranged from the largest to smallest absolute value. The chart includes a vertical line at the critical p-value of 0.05. Effects for which the bars are smaller than the critical p-value are considered non-significant and do not have an effect on the response variables. The effects are either positive or negative ANOVA; the determination of regression coefficients and the construction of graphs were performed using the Statistical® program, version 7.0 (Statsoft Inc, RSA). The results, the biosurfactant produced by Pantoea sp. can be a valuable source for application in rapid environmental bioremediation9269279CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO - FACEPEsem informaçã

Expanded Bed Adsorption Of Bromelain (e.c. 3.4.22.33) From Ananas Comosus Crude Extract

This work focuses on the adsorption of Bromelain in expanded bed conditions, such as the adsorption kinetics parameters. The adsorption kinetics parameters showed that after 40 minutes equilibrium was achieved and maximum adsorption capacity was 6.11 U per resin mL. However, the maximum adsorption capacity was only determined by measuring the adsorption isotherm. Only by the Langmuir model the maximum adsorption capacity, Qm, and dissociation constant, kd, values could be estimated as 9.18 U/mL and 0.591, respectively, at 25°C and 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.5. A column made of glass with an inner diameter of 1 cm was used for the expanded bed adsorption (EBA). The residence time was reduced 10 fold by increasing the expansion degree 2.5 times; nonetheless, the plate number (N) value was reduced only 2 fold. After adsorption, the bromelain was eluted in packed bed mode, with a downward flow. The purification factor was about 13 fold and the total protein was reduced 4 fold. 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Progr, 17, pp. 1128-1136Gaspani, L., Limiroli, E., Ferrario, P., Bianchi, M., In vivo and in vitro effects of bromelain on PGE(2) and SP concentrations in the inflammatory exudate in rats (2002) Pharmacology, 65, pp. 83-86Haq, S.K., Rasheedi, S., Khan, R.H., Characterization of a partially folded intermediate of stem bromelain at low pH (2002) Eur. J. Biochem, 269, pp. 47-52Harrach, T., Eckert, K., Maurer, H.R., Machleidt, I., Machleidt, W., Nuck, R., Isolation and characterization of two forms of an acidic bromelain stem proteinase (1998) J. Protein Chem, 17, pp. 351-361Hatano, K., Sawano, Y., Tanokura, M., Structure-function relationship of bromelain isoinhibitors from pineapple stem (2002) Biol. Chem, 383, pp. 1151-1156Hatano, K., Tanokura, M., Takahashi, K., The amino acid sequences of isoforms of the bromelain inhibitor from pineapple stem (1998) J. Biochem, 124, pp. 457-461Hjorth, R., Expanded bed adsorption in industrial bioprocessing: Recent developments (1997) Trends Biotechnol, 15, p. 230Hochstrasser, D.F., Patchornik, A., Merril, C.R., Development of Polyacrylamide gels that improve the separation of proteins and their detection by silver staining (1998) Analyt. Biochem, 173, pp. 412-423Hochstrasser, D.F., Merril, C.R., Catalysts' for Polyacrylamide gel polymerization and detection of proteins by silver staining (1998) Appl. Theor. Electrophoresis, 1, pp. 35-40Hebbar, H.U., Sumana, B., Raghavarao, K.S.M.S., Use of reverse micellar systems for the extraction and purification of bromelain term from pineapple wastes (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99, pp. 4896-4902Khan, R.H., Rasheedi, S., Haq, S.K., Effect of pH, temperature and alcohols on the stability of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain (2003) J. Biosci, 28, pp. 709-714Kim, M. H., Kim, H. K., Lee, J. K., Park, S. Y., Oh, T. K., Thermostable lipase of Bacillus stearothermophilus, high level production, purification and calciumdependent thermostability. Korea Res. Inst. Biosci. Biotechnol. 64:280-286 (2000)Kordel, M., Hofmann, B., Schomburg, D., Schimid, R.D., Extracelluar lipase of Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 21808: Purification, characterization, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction data (1991) J. Bacteriol, 173, pp. 4836-4841Kunitz, M., Crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor: II general properties (1974) J. Gen. Physiol, 30, pp. 291-310Lali, A.M., Khare, A.S., Joshi, J.B., Behaviour of solid particles in viscous non-newtonian solutions: Settling velocity, wall effects and bed expansion in solid-liquid fluidized beds (1989) Powder Tech, 57, pp. 39-50Maurer, H.R., Bromelain: Biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use (2001) Cell. Mol. 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Biochem, 71, pp. 817-830Rasheedi, S., Haq, S.K., Khan, R.H., Guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of glycosylated and deglycosylated stem bromelain (2003) Biochemistry, 68, pp. 1097-1100Roy, I., Pai, A., Lali, A., Gupta, M.N., Comparison of batch, packed bed and expanded bed purification of A. niger cellulose beads (1999) Bioseparation, 8, pp. 317-326Santos, E.S., Guirardello, R., Franco, T.T., Distributor Effect on Expanded Bed Adsorption (2000) International Conference IEX 2000 (Ion Exchange at the Millennium), , Cambridge/UKSantos, E.S., Guirardello, R., Franco, T.T., Preparative chromatography of xylanase using expanded bed adsorption (2002) J. Chrom. A, 944, pp. 217-224Silveira, E., (2007) Purificação e caracterização de bromelina a partir do extrato bruto de Ananas comosus por adsorção em leito expandido, , Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Engenharia Química: UnicampSilverstein, R.M., Kezdy, F.J., Characterization of the pineapple stem proteases (bromelain) (1975) Arch. 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B, 846, pp. 51-56Trinh, L., Phue, J.-N., Jaluria, P., Tsai, C.W., Narum, D.L., Shiloach, J., Screen-less expanded bed column: New approach for the recovery and purification of a malaria transmission blocking vaccine candidate from Pichia pastoris (2006) Biotechnol. Lett, 28, pp. 951-958Walter, H. E., Proteinases: methods with hemoglobin, casein, and azocoll as substrates. Pp. 270-277 in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, 5, H.U. Bergmeyer, ed. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany (1984)Wang, S.-L., Peng, J.-H., Liang, T.-W., Liu, K.-C., Purification and characterization of a chitosanase from Serratia marcescens TKU011 (2008) Carbohydrate Research, 343, pp. 1316-1323Wharton, C.W., The structure and mechanism of stem bromelain. Evaluation of the homogeneity of purified stem bromelain, determination of the molecular weight and kinetic analysis of the bromelain-catalysed hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine methyl ester (1974) Biochem. 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Production optimization of biodiesel from frying oil waste to reduce the environmental impacts

The objective of this study was to reduce the environmental impacts of used frying oil waste through the production of biodiesel. A 22 factorial planning has been used to evaluate the influences of alcohol/oil and reaction time on the biodiesel production yield. The optimal condition to produce the biodiesel has been found by use of the response surface methodology and analysis of variance to obtain the fitting model. This study was conducted in Campinas city, Brazil, where were collected the waste oil. An analysis of ecological cost also has been developed. Cooking oils collected from Campinas homes were mixed with ethanol in planned proportions (1:9, 1:7 and 1:5) and were transesterified at 60 °C and planned reaction times (30, 60 or 90 min), in order to obtain biodiesel, using 0.1% NaOH as a catalyst. The results of the physical-chemical analyses demonstrated that the biodiesels obtained possessed characteristics close to those required by Brazilian standards. This fuel could be used in fleets of buses, trucks and machines, or even sold to fuel distributors, which results in a solving between US$0.8 and US$4.5 millions. Thus, Campinas would gain environmental credits and become a sustainable city8621625CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQsem informaçãoThe authors thank to Nine July University (UNINOVE) and National Research Council CNPq for the financial support

Partitioning optimization of proteins from Zea mays malt in ATPS PEG 6000/CaCl2

This work aimed to establish the relationship between the compositions and pH of ATPS PEG 6000/CaCl2 and the proteins partition from maize malt and also to simplify the process optimization in ATPS for a statistical model, established by response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that these were no influence of pH on the phase diagrams and on the composition of tie line length of PEG 6000/CaCl2 ATPS. SRM analyses showed that elevated pH and larger tie line length were the best conditions for recovering of maize malt proteins. The maximum partition coefficient by PEG 6000/CaCl2 ATPS was about 4.2 and was achieved in ATPS in a single purification step. The theoretical maximum partition coefficient was between 4.1-4.3. The process was very suitable for continuous aqueous two phase purification due to the stability of proteins (e.g. alpha and beta-amylases) and could increase their content into middle.50355756

Reproductive aspects of the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae), in the equatorial and southwestern Atlantic Ocean

The present study sought to study the reproductive biology of the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, in the equatorial and southwestern Atlantic Ocean. A total of 234 specimens were collected as bycatch during pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish, between December 2003 and December 2010. The fishing area was located between latitudes 10N and 35S and longitudes 3E and 40W. Of the 234 individuals sampled, 118 were females (with sizes ranging from 81 to 227 cm TL, total length) and 116 males (ranging from 80 to 242 cm TL). The reproductive stages of the females were classed as immature, mature, preovulatory and pregnant, while males were divided into immature, maturing and mature. The size at maturity for females was estimated at 170.0 cm TL, while that for males was between 170.0 and 190.0 cm TL. Ovarian fecundity ranged from 1 to 10 follicles and uterine fecundity from 1 to 10 embryos. The reproductive cycle of this species is most likely biennial, with parturition occurring once every two years.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Mycobacterium leprae Hsp65 Mutant as a Candidate for Mitigating Lupus Aggravation in Mice

Hsp60 is an abundant and highly conserved family of intracellular molecules. Increased levels of this family of proteins have been observed in the extracellular compartment in chronic inflammation. Administration of M. leprae Hsp65 [WT] in [NZBxNZW]F1 mice accelerates the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] progression whereas the point mutated K409A Hsp65 protein delays the disease. Here, the biological effects of M. leprae Hsp65 Leader pep and K409A pep synthetic peptides, which cover residues 352–371, are presented. Peptides had immunomodulatory effects similar to that observed with their respective proteins on survival and the combined administration of K409A+Leader pep or K409A pep+WT showed that the mutant forms were able to inhibit the deleterious effect of WT on mortality, indicating the neutralizing potential of the mutant molecules in SLE progression. Molecular modeling showed that replacing Lysine by Alanine affects the electrostatic potential of the 352–371 region. The number of interactions observed for WT is much higher than for Hsp65 K409A and mouse Hsp60. The immunomodulatory effects of the point-mutated protein and peptide occurred regardless of the catalytic activity. These findings may be related to the lack of effect on survival when F1 mice were inoculated with Hsp60 or K409A pep. Our findings indicate the use of point-mutated Hsp65 molecules, such as the K409A protein and its corresponding peptide, that may minimize or delay the onset of SLE, representing a new approach to the treatment of autoimmune diseases