Assessment of brittle fractures in CO2 transportation pipelines: A hybrid fluid-structure interaction model

In order to transport dense-phase CO2 captured from power and industrial emission sources in the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) chain, pressurised steel pipelines are considered the most practical tool. However, concerns have been raised that low temperatures induced by the expansion of dense-phase CO2, for example following an accidental puncture or during emergency depressurization, may result in a propagating brittle fracture in the pipeline steels. The present study describes the development of a hybrid fluid-structure model for simulating dynamic brittle fracture in buried pressurised CO2 pipelines. To simulate the state of the flow in the rupturing pipeline, a compressible one-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is applied, where the pertinent fluid properties are determined using a thermodynamic model. In terms of the fracture model, an extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is used to model the dynamic brittle fracture behaviour of the pipeline steel. Using the coupled fluid-structure model, a study is performed to evaluate the risk of brittle fracture propagation in a (real-scale) 1.22m diameter API X70 steel pipeline, containing CO2 at 0°C and 11MPa. The simulated results are found to be in good agreement with the predictions obtained using a semi-empirical model accounting for the pipeline fracture toughness. From the results obtained it is observed that a propagating fracture is limited to a short distance. As such, for the conditions tested, there is no risk of brittle fracture propagation for API X70 pipeline steel transporting dense-phase CO2

Techno-economic assessment of CO2 quality effect on its storage and transport: CO2QUEST: An overview of aims, objectives and main findings

This paper provides an overview of the aims, objectives and the main findings of the CO2QUEST FP7 collaborative project, funded by the European Commission and designed to address the fundamentally important and urgent issues regarding the impact of the typical impurities in CO2 streams captured from fossil fuel power plants and other CO2 intensive industries on their safe and economic pipeline transportation and storage. The main features and results recorded from some of the unique test facilities constructed as part of the project are presented. These include an extensively instrumented realistic-scale test pipeline for conducting pipeline rupture and dispersion tests in China, an injection test facility in France to study the mobility of trace metallic elements contained in a CO2 stream following injection near a shallow-water qualifier and fluid/rock interactions and well integrity experiments conducted using a fully instrumented deep-well CO2/impurities injection test facility in Israel. The above, along with the various unique mathematical models developed, provide the fundamentally important tools needed to define impurity tolerance levels, mixing protocols and control measures for pipeline networks and storage infrastructure, thus contributing to the development of relevant standards for the safe design and economic operation of CCS

Numerical estimation of fretting fatigue lifetime using damage and fracture mechanics

Fretting fatigue is a complex tribological phenomenon that can cause premature failure of connected components that have small relative oscillatory movement. The fraction of fretting fatigue lifetime spent in crack initiation and in crack propagation depends on many factors, e.g., contact stresses, amount of slip, frequency, environmental conditions, etc., and varies from one application to another. Therefore, both crack initiation and propagation phases are important in analysing fretting fatigue. In this investigation, a numerical approach is used to predict these two portions and estimate fretting fatigue failure lifetime under a conformal contact configuration. For this purpose, an uncoupled damage evolution law based on principles of continuum damage mechanics is developed for modelling crack initiation. The extended finite element method approach is used for calculating crack propagation lifetimes. The estimated results are validated with previously reported experimental data and compared with other available methods in the literature.The authors wish to thank the Ghent University for the financial support received by the Special Funding of Ghent University, BOF (Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds), in the framework of project (BOF 01N02410) and gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through the project DPI2010-20990.Hojjati-Talemi, R.; Wahab, MA.; Giner Maravilla, E.; Sabsabi, M. (2013). Numerical estimation of fretting fatigue lifetime using damage and fracture mechanics. Tribology Letters. 52(1):11-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0189-8S1125521Hills, D.A., Nowell, D.: Mechanics of Fretting Fatigue. Solid Mechanics and its Applications vol. 30. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1994)Smith, K.N., Watson, P., Topper, T.H.: A stress-strain function for the fatigue of metals. J Mater. 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Fretting wear effect on fretting fatigue by Findley parameter in mixed slip regime

When there is a small amplitude relative slip between two contacting parts, fretting happens. Wear, fatigue and corrosion are the three main damages caused by fretting. In reality, these three damages interact with each other, which is not emphasized in current research. Findley parameter (FP) is a commonly used parameter that can be utilized to analyze fretting wear. In this paper, the wear profile updating effect on fatigue is analyzed by FP in mixed slip regime of fretting. A finite element (FE) model of a cylinder-on-flat configuration is built to investigate the FP difference between models with and without wear profile updating. The results showed that FP in the model with wear profile updating was lower compared with the model without wear profile updating near the contact edge. It can be concluded that fretting wear shows a positive effect on fretting fatigue. Moreover, the predicted life shows a good agreement with experiments