Adopción del aprendizaje móvil por parte de los nativos digitales en términos del modelo UTAUT-2: un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales

This research investigates university students' intentions and behaviors regarding the adoption of mobile learning tools in higher education, with a focus on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT-2) model. A sample of 541 university students from a state university in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey participated in this study. Structural equation modeling was employed to assess students' mobile learning adoption levels, and statistical analyses were conducted accordingly. The findings indicate a moderate level of mobile learning adoption among the students. The study reveals that students employ various strategies while using mobile tools for learning. Notably, among digital natives, intention to use mobile devices is significantly influenced by habit, hedonic motivation and effort expectancy. Additionally, the study identifies a significant relationship between the use behavior variable and facilitating conditions. The research also examines regulatory effects within the model, demonstrating that age moderates the relationship between habit and use behavior. Furthermore, gender has a moderating effect on the relationship between facilitating conditions and behavioral intention, as well as between hedonic motivation and behavioral intention. Finally, experience moderates the relationship between habit and use behavior, as well as between behavioral intention and use behavior.Este estudio investiga las intenciones y comportamientos de los estudiantes universitarios respecto a la adopción de herramientas de aprendizaje móvil en la educación superior, con enfoque en el modelo de la Teoría Unificada de Aceptación y Uso de la Tecnología (UTAUT-2). En este estudio participó una muestra de 541 estudiantes de una universidad estatal de la región sudoriental de Anatolia en Turquía. Se empleó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar los niveles de adopción del aprendizaje móvil de los estudiantes y se realizaron análisis estadísticos en consecuencia. Los hallazgos indican un nivel moderado de adopción del aprendizaje móvil entre los estudiantes. El estudio revela que los estudiantes emplean diversas estrategias mientras utilizan herramientas móviles para aprender. En particular, entre los nativos digitales, la intención de utilizar dispositivos móviles está significativamente influenciada por el hábito, la motivación hedónica y la expectativa de esfuerzo. Además, el estudio identifica una relación significativa entre la variable conducta de uso y las condiciones facilitadoras. La investigación también examina los efectos regulatorios dentro del modelo, demostrando que la edad modera la relación entre el hábito y el comportamiento de uso. Además, el género tiene un efecto moderador sobre la relación entre las condiciones facilitadoras y la intención conductual, así como entre la motivación hedónica y la intención conductual. Finalmente, la experiencia modera la relación entre hábito y conducta de uso, así como entre intención conductual y conducta de uso.

Rethinking Evaluating the Use of Distance Learning Systems in the Context of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology-2

Various theories and models are used to understand the impact of technology in education. One of these models is the UTAUT-2 model. This model allows us to understand the acceptance and use of technology. In this study, students' intentions and behaviours related to using the UBYS system, which is used as a learning management system, were examined within the framework of the UTAUT-2 model. The structural equation model was also used in the study. Smart PLS 3.3.5 and IBM SPSS Statistics v20.0 programmes were used for all data analyses. The study was conducted with 208 university students in 2021-2022. The result of structural equation modeling is that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation are among the variables that influence the use and acceptance of UBYS. The components of the model explain 75% of behavioural intentions. With the knowledge gained in this study, it may be possible to increase the usefulness of the UBYS system used. At the same time, the results of this study should make an important contribution to the literature on the UTAUT-2 model

THE EFFECT OF A FLIPPED CLASSROOM ON STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENTS, ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT AND SATISFACTION LEVELS

In this study, a flipped classroom was compared with blended learning and face-to-face learning environments and the aim was to identify the effect of these learning environments on students' achievements, academic engagement and satisfaction levels. Based on this aim, one control and two experimental groups were formed. The students in Experiment-I learned the theoretical aspect of the course through the materials in the online learning environment which were prepared prior to the class study time in context with the "flipped classroom". The students in Experiment-II learned the theoretical aspect of the course in the classroom in accordance with the blended learning model and fulfilled active learning activities out of class study time. The students in the control group learned the theoretical aspect of the course in the classroom according to the current curriculum and conducted active learning activities at their homes. It was found that the scores for the students in the experimental groups with regard to academic achievement and engagement were higher than the scores for those in the control group and the differences between the groups were statistically significant. It was revealed that the students were also generally satisfied with the flipped classroom

An Analysis of Students' Views on Flipped Classroom

The aim of this case study is to determine student views on the flipped classroom. It was conducted for nine weeks with 39 students in the Science Education department. The semi-structured interview technique was utilized during the data collection process. The content analysis method was used in order to analyze the data collected from the interviews. The findings of the research revealed that students have positive opinions regarding the flipped classroom. When their perceptions were examined, some positive aspects of the model including time-efficiency in the classroom, learning reinforcement, more practice in the classroom, time and space flexibility, revision opportunity, opportunity to learn at individual's own pace, permanent and active learning, preparing for the lesson and undertaking responsibility were identified. The most emphasized negative aspects of the model included technological inadequacy, technical problems, past habits, lack of proper video duration, workload and the necessity of class attendance. In addition, students stated that the model is viable for other courses and that they would prefer to use this model for their future profession

An Analysis of Students' Views on Flipped Classroom

The aim of this case study is to determine student views on the flipped classroom. It was conducted for nine weeks with 39 students in the Science Education department. The semi-structured interview technique was utilized during the data collection process. The content analysis method was used in order to analyze the data collected from the interviews. The findings of the research revealed that students have positive opinions regarding the flipped classroom. When their perceptions were examined, some positive aspects of the model including time-efficiency in the classroom, learning reinforcement, more practice in the classroom, time and space flexibility, revision opportunity, opportunity to learn at individual's own pace, permanent and active learning, preparing for the lesson and undertaking responsibility were identified. The most emphasized negative aspects of the model included technological inadequacy, technical problems, past habits, lack of proper video duration, workload and the necessity of class attendance. In addition, students stated that the model is viable for other courses and that they would prefer to use this model for their future profession

Analyzing the User's Sentiments of ChatGPT Using Twitter Data

ChatGPT, an advanced language model based on artificial intelligence developed by the OpenAI, was released to internet users on November 30, 2022, and has attracted a great deal of attention. The feelings and thoughts of those who first experienced ChatGPT are valuable feedback for evaluating the success and positive and negative aspects of this technology. In this study, sentiment analysis of ChatGPT-themed tweets on Twitter was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the feelings and thoughts of users during the first two months following the announcement of ChatGPT. Approximately 788.000 English tweets were analyzed using the AFINN, Bing, and NRC sentiment dictionaries. The findings indicate that a large portion of the initial users of ChatGPT found the experience to be successful and was satisfied with ChatGPT. However, negative emotions such as fear and concern were also observed in some users. This study presents the most comprehensive sentiment analysis on ChatGPT. In future studies, specialized research can be conducted on the performance of ChatGPT in a specific field

Meta-Analytic and Meta-Thematic Analysis of STEM Education

The purpose of this study was to examine STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) education in meta-analytical and meta-thematic terms and to determine its impact on academic achievement and different variables. In this context, studies carried out on STEM between 2002-2019 were chosen. Data from 26 studies were included in the study and analyses were made using these data. CMA and MetaWin softwares were used in analyzing the data and the impact of STEM on academic achievement was found to be significant and positive at medium level (ES=0.655). In the second phase of the study, which was the meta-thematic phase, the contribution of STEM on cognitive and affective areas as well as on individual competences, personal development, skill development and the difficulties encountered during the implementation were given. The results of meta-analytical and meta-thematic findings indicated that STEM had a positive impact on academic achievement and development of different skills

Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study

Purpose In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes

The role of centre and country factors on process and outcome indicators in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between centre/country-based factors and two important process and outcome indicators in patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI). Methods: We used data on HABSI from the prospective EUROBACT-2 study to evaluate the associations between centre/country factors on a process or an outcome indicator: adequacy of antimicrobial therapy within the first 24 h or 28-day mortality, respectively. Mixed logistical models with clustering by centre identified factors associated with both indicators. Results: Two thousand two hundred nine patients from two hundred one intensive care units (ICUs) were included in forty-seven countries. Overall, 51% (n = 1128) of patients received an adequate antimicrobial therapy and the 28-day mortality was 38% (n = 839). The availability of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for aminoglycosides everyday [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.14] or within a few hours (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34-2.38), surveillance cultures for multidrug-resistant organism carriage performed weekly (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.93), and increasing Human Development Index (HDI) values were associated with adequate antimicrobial therapy. The presence of intermediate care beds (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.84), TDM for aminoglycoside available everyday (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-1.00) or within a few hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.70), 24/7 consultation of clinical pharmacists (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95), percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) between 10% and 25% in the ICU (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.00-2.80), and decreasing HDI values were associated with 28-day mortality. Conclusion: Centre/country factors should be targeted for future interventions to improve management strategies and outcome of HABSI in ICU patients

Presentation, management, and outcomes of older compared to younger adults with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit: a multicenter cohort study

Purpose: Older adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have fair baseline functional capacity, yet their age and frailty may compromise their management. We compared the characteristics and management of older (≥ 75 years) versus younger adults hospitalized in ICU with hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (HA-BSI). Methods: Nested cohort study within the EUROBACT-2 database, a multinational prospective cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized in the ICU during 2019-2021. We compared older versus younger adults in terms of infection characteristics (clinical signs and symptoms, source, and microbiological data), management (imaging, source control, antimicrobial therapy), and outcomes (28-day mortality and hospital discharge). Results: Among 2111 individuals hospitalized in 219 ICUs with HA-BSI, 563 (27%) were ≥ 75 years old. Compared to younger patients, these individuals had higher comorbidity score and lower functional capacity; presented more often with a pulmonary, urinary, or unknown HA-BSI source; and had lower heart rate, blood pressure and temperature at presentation. Pathogens and resistance rates were similar in both groups. Differences in management included mainly lower rates of effective source control achievement among aged individuals. Older adults also had significantly higher day-28 mortality (50% versus 34%, p < 0.001), and lower rates of discharge from hospital (12% versus 20%, p < 0.001) by this time. Conclusions: Older adults with HA-BSI hospitalized in ICU have different baseline characteristics and source of infection compared to younger patients. Management of older adults differs mainly by lower probability to achieve source control. This should be targeted to improve outcomes among older ICU patients