ノウシュッケツ ト クモマクカ シュッケツ ノ チリョウ

We reviewed recent advances in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HIH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The mortality rate of patients with HIH, approximately50% in McKissock’s time (around 1960), was reduced to 20% due to the disseminationof improved diagnostic imaging technologies, advances in medical and surgical treatmentregimens, and an increase in the detection rate of mild cases of HIH. On the otherhand, the mortality rate of SAH patients remained unchanged (approximately 50%) becausepatients experiencing the insult were often of advanced age and because the number ofpatients graded as poor has increased.To treat patients with HIH, we developed a new surgical approach that we call “CT-guidedstereotactic aspiration surgery (SAS)”. We also devised an ultrasonic hematoma aspirator.SAS is beginning to supplant conventional open surgery. SAS may be indicated for patientswith putaminal hemorrhage where the hematoma volume is greater than 30ml, and forpatients with cerebellar hemorrhage with a hematoma volume greater than 15ml. On theother hand, open surgery may be indicated for patients with subcortical hemorrhage wherethe hematoma volume is greater than 40ml. It is not indicated for patients with pontine andthalamic hemorrhage. The efficacy and safety of SAS in patients with pontine and thalamichemorrhage remain to be determined and to our knowledge, no randomized study of role ofSAS in patients with HIH has been reported. Such a study (Surgical Trial in IntracerebralHemorrhage, STICH) is planned in the UK to ascertain operative indications.There have been some advances with respect to diagnostic equipment and the managementof SAH. Three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA), using a helical CT scan, andmagnetic resonance imaging angiography (MRA) have yielded superior images of cerebralaneurysms when compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The titanium clipmarkedly reduces metallic artifacts on CT images. The complete clipping of aneurysms withtitanium clips can be ascertained by postopertive 3D-CTA. A recent Japanese cooperativestudy revealed a decrease in the mortality rate of SAH patients graded as poor. However,grade V patients (World Federation of Neurological Surgery) continue to have a poor outcome.Mild hypothermia induced with indomethacine, an antagonist of cyclooxygenase,may improve the treatment outcome. The cumulative rate of rupture of cerebral aneurysmswas estimated at approximately 1 - 2% per year, however a recent paper shows it tobe 0.05% per year. An unruptured cerebral aneurysms study (UCAS Japan) will start nextyear in Japan. It will reveal ruptre risk and the risks inherent in surgical intervention inpatients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms

Assessment of energy expenditure using doubly labeled water, physical activity by accelerometer and reported dietary intake in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes: A preliminary study

The aim of the present study was to determine the total energy expenditure, physical activity and dietary intake of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and control participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus who were matched for age and body mass index. The participants in the present study were 12 well‐controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 10 controls, aged 40–75 years, with a body mass index <30 kg/m2. Total energy expenditure under free‐living conditions was assessed using the doubly labeled water method, and physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Dietary intake was assessed using a self‐recorded food intake diary during the measurement period. Participants were instructed to record their dietary intake over 3 days, including 2 weekdays. Total energy expenditure was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.153), nor were energy (P = 0.969) or macronutrient intakes. In conclusion, when age and body mass index are matched, total energy expenditure and self‐reported energy intake are not significantly different between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls

Effect of EDTA on Copper and Cadmium Absorption in Pharbitis nil and Triticum aestivum

Article信州大学環境科学論集6:94-98(1984)research repor

Adult onset cardiac dilatation in a transgenic mouse line with Galβ1,3GalNAc α2,3-sialyltransferase II (ST3Gal-II) transgenes: a new model for dilated cardiomyopathy

Sugar chain abnormalities in glycolipids and glycoproteins are associated with various diseases. Here, we report an adult onset cardiac dilatation in a transgenic mouse line with Galβ1,3GalNAc α2,3-sialyltransferase II (ST3Gal-II) transgenes. The transgenic hearts at the end-stage, at around 7 months old, were enlarged, with enlarged cavities and thin, low-tensile walls, typical of dilated cardiomyopathy. Although no apparent change was found in heart gangliosides, glycosylation of heart proteins was altered. Interestingly, sugar moieties not directly related to the ST3Gal-II catalytic reaction were also changed. Significant increases in calreticulin and calnexin were observed in hearts of the transgenic mice. These results suggest that expression of ST3Gal-II transgenes induces abnormal protein glycosylation, which disorganizes the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum quality control system and elevates the calreticulin/calnexin level, resulting in suppression of cardiac function. The transgenic mice showed 100% incidence of adult onset cardiac dilatation, suggesting great potential as a new model for dilated cardiomyopathy

水泳競技に於ける心理的コンディションの診断について : バウムテストとPCTを手掛かりとして

If it is possible to objectively diagnose a swimmer\u27s psychological condition before competition, then appropriate psychological conditioning might be prepared by the coach or swimmer. In the present study, it was assumed that both the Tree Test and PCT may be useful to diagnose a competitive swimmer\u27s psychological condition. The main purpose of this study is to examine the diagnostic validity of the two psychological tests in competitive swimming. Sixty-five college swimmers took part in this study. The two psychological tests were administered to all subjects before two major competitions. The relationship between records of the race and results of the psychological tests were analyzed. As the results, it was illustrated that both the Tree Test and PCT have some degree of diagnostic validity

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016)

Background and purposeThe Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in February 2017 and published in the Journal of JSICM, [2017; Volume 24 (supplement 2)] https://doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.24S0001 and Journal of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine [2017; Volume 28, (supplement 1)] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jja2.2017.28.issue-S1/issuetoc.This abridged English edition of the J-SSCG 2016 was produced with permission from the Japanese Association of Acute Medicine and the Japanese Society for Intensive Care Medicine.MethodsMembers of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine were selected and organized into 19 committee members and 52 working group members. The guidelines were prepared in accordance with the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds) creation procedures. The Academic Guidelines Promotion Team was organized to oversee and provide academic support to the respective activities allocated to each Guideline Creation Team. To improve quality assurance and workflow transparency, a mutual peer review system was established, and discussions within each team were open to the public. Public comments were collected once after the initial formulation of a clinical question (CQ) and twice during the review of the final draft. Recommendations were determined to have been adopted after obtaining support from a two-thirds (> 66.6%) majority vote of each of the 19 committee members.ResultsA total of 87 CQs were selected among 19 clinical areas, including pediatric topics and several other important areas not covered in the first edition of the Japanese guidelines (J-SSCG 2012). The approval rate obtained through committee voting, in addition to ratings of the strengths of the recommendation, and its supporting evidence were also added to each recommendation statement. We conducted meta-analyses for 29 CQs. Thirty-seven CQs contained recommendations in the form of an expert consensus due to insufficient evidence. No recommendations were provided for five CQs.ConclusionsBased on the evidence gathered, we were able to formulate Japanese-specific clinical practice guidelines that are tailored to the Japanese context in a highly transparent manner. These guidelines can easily be used not only by specialists, but also by non-specialists, general clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, clinical engineers, and other healthcare professionals

Larval pufferfish protected by maternal tetrodotoxin

Marine pufferfish contain tetrodotoxin (TTX), an extremely potent neurotoxin. All species of the genus Takifugu accumulate TTX in the liver and ovaries, although the tissue(s) in which it is localized can differ among species. TTX is the major defense strategy the pufferfish appears to use against predators. TTX is also used as a male-attracting pheromone during spawning. Here we demonstrate an additional (and unexpected) use of maternal TTX in the early larval stages of the Takifugu pufferfish. Predation experiments demonstrated that juveniles of all the species of fish used as predators ingested pufferfish larvae, but spat them out promptly. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MSMS) analysis revealed that the pufferfish larvae contain a small quantity of TTX, which is not enough to be lethal to the predators. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-TTX monoclonal antibody revealed that the TTX is primarily localized in the body surface of the larvae as a layer of protection. Our study showed the female parent of the Takifugu pufferfish vertically transfers TTX to the larvae through its accumulation in the ovaries, and subsequent localization on the body surface of the larvae

Let-7 microRNA-mediated mRNA deadenylation and translational repression in a mammalian cell-free system

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are incorporated into miRNP complexes and regulate protein expression post-transcriptionally through binding to 3′-untranslated regions of target mRNAs. Here we describe a recapitulation of let-7 miRNA-mediated translational repression in a cell-free system, which was established with extracts prepared from HEK293F cells overexpressing miRNA pathway components. In this system, both the cap and poly(A) tail are required for the translational repression, and let-7 directs the deadenylation of target mRNAs. Our work suggests that let-7 miRNPs containing Argonaute and GW182 impair the synergistic enhancement of translation by the 5′-cap and 3′-poly(A) tail, resulting in translational repression

Nationwide and regional block-wise number of households per unit-district and members per household in Japan.

Nationwide and regional block-wise number of households per unit-district and members per household in Japan.</p

Summary of the secular trends in estimated participation rates (EPR) nationwide and by regional block.

APC: annual percent change. AAPC (average APC): a weighted average of the APCs before and after 2004. Nationwide-JP: nationwide Joinpoint regression curve with one joinpoint. See Fig 3 for details.</p