Joint Analysis of Static and Dynamic Importance in the Eye-Tracking Records of Web Page Readers

Heat maps highlight cumulative, static importance in eye-tracking records, while network analysis helps to elucidate dynamic importance from transitional relations. The present study was designed to perform both analyses in the same conceptual framework, i.e., network representation. For this purpose, heat maps comprising 5 × 5 segments were overlaid with networks, both of which were produced from the eye-tracking records of 20 subjects who read 10 top web pages that were classified into three layout types. The heat of the segments was graded on the basis of five percentile scores, whereas the core-peripheral nodes were identified by the agreement of centrality and ranking indices. The congruence between the two types of importance was generally good at the node level and the community levels. Additional findings included a) mixed patterns of the sustained fixations (i.e., loops) within the total fixations, and b) an increase in reciprocity as the network scope was narrowed to communities and then to the core neighborhoods

Spin relaxation torque in metallic ferromagnets

Spin relaxation torque ${\cal T}$ in uniform metallic ferromagnets with the spin-orbit interaction arising from random impurities is calculated microscopically. ${\cal T}$ is shown to be written by spatial derivatives of the electric field, but is not always given as a divergence of a torque dipole density. The result is due to the fast dissipation of the orbital angular momentum, and thus a conserving spin current cannot be defined. It is discussed that the $\beta$ term in the spin transfer torque can also be asymmetric

Growth and applications of GeSn-related group-IV semiconductor materials

We review the technology of Ge1−xSnx-related group-IV semiconductor materials for developing Si-based nanoelectronics. Ge1−xSnx-related materials provide novel engineering of the crystal growth, strain structure, and energy band alignment for realising various applications not only in electronics, but also in optoelectronics. We introduce our recent achievements in the crystal growth of Ge1−xSnx-related material thin films and the studies of the electronic properties of thin films, metals/Ge1−xSnx, and insulators/Ge1−xSnx interfaces. We also review recent studies related to the crystal growth, energy band engineering, and device applications of Ge1−xSnx-related materials, as well as the reported performances of electronic devices using Ge1−xSnx related materials

(3,6-Dimeth­oxy­naphthalen-2-yl)(phen­yl)methanone

In the title compound, C19H16O3, the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the phenyl ring is 68.32 (5)°. The bridging carbonyl C—C(=O)—C plane makes a dihedral angle of 54.32 (5)° with the naphthalene ring system and 21.45 (6)° with the phenyl ring. An inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond exists between the H atom of one meth­oxy group and the O atom of the second meth­oxy group in an adjacent mol­ecule. The crystal packing is additionally stabilized by a weak C—H⋯O inter­molecular inter­action between an H atom of the naphthalene ring and the O atom of the carbonyl group

Genome‐wide SNP genotyping reveals hidden population structure of an acroporid species at a subtropical coral island: Implications for coral restoration

1. It is essential to consider genetic composition for both conventional coral restoration management and for initiating new interventions to counter the significant global decline in living corals. Population genetic structure at a fine spatial scale should be carefully evaluated before implementing strategies to achieve self-sustaining ecosystems via coral restoration. 2. This study investigated the population genetic structure of two acroporid species at Kume Island, Okinawa, Japan. There were 140 colonies of Acropora digitifera collected from seven study sites, and 81 colonies of Acropora tenuis from six sites. In total, 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for A. digitifera and 470 SNPs for A. tenuis were obtained using a comparatively economical technique, Multiplexed ISSR Genotyping by sequencing. 3. Observed heterozygosity was significantly lower than expected heterozygosity at all SNP sites in both acroporid species, suggesting deficient genetic diversity possibly caused by past massive coral bleaching. Even though both species are broadcast spawners, the population structure was different in the two species. No detectable structure was evident in A. digitifera, but two distinct clades were found in A. tenuis. The genetic homogeneity of A. digitifera at Kume Island suggests that this species could be used as a focal species for active restoration in terms of genetic differentiation at this island. By contrast, A. tenuis unexpectedly included two distinct clades with little or no admixture within a small study area, possibly representing two reproductively isolated cryptic species. Thus, when using A. tenuis, it would be prudent to avoid disturbing the genetic composition of wild populations until this question is answered.journal articl