The meaning of reviewing photographs taken by self: Aim at features of arts therapy and awareness of self.

Photo therapy is one of the arts therapies advocated by Yamanaka (1976). Much of the clinical usefulness of photography has been demonstrated in case studies. In this study, I conducted two pieces of research that focused on the action of an individual reviewing her/his photographs and her/his thoughts and emotions while taking those photographs. In Research 1, I examined what type of experiences would occur while an individual reviewed her/his photographs and her/his thoughts and emotions while taking those photographs in terms of arts therapy by using the Scale of Experiencing with Regard to Arts Therapy (Kato/Imamura/Nisato, 2014). The result suggests that an individual's review of her/his photographs and her/his thoughts and emotions while taking those photographs is an opportunity for self-reflection and to form an emotional attachment to the photographs or increase her/his feelings of satisfaction associated with self-expression. In Research 2, I divided the awareness self-gained by an individual reviewing her/his photos and her/his thoughts and emotions while taking those photographs into two categories—reconfirmation and new discovery—and examined the awareness of self in terms of the number of persons who gained the awareness and its content. Results suggest that an individual who reviews her/his photographs and her/his thoughts and emotions while taking those photographs promotes the reconfirmation of her/his interest and these aspects are characteristic features rather than a new self-discovery

Self-expression and self-discovery of university students by reviewing photographs taken.

Photo therapy is a form of art therapy that was advocated by Yamanaka (1976). However, the findings related to photo therapy are quite scarce. Therefore, this study focused on the stimulation of self-expression and self-discovery that occurred when university students took photographs and reviewed them. University students were made to review photographs taken with the motif of an “attractive landscape.” The result was that reviewing photographs left the university students feeling satisfied that they were able to express their feelings or thoughts. Moreover, it was apparent that they reaffirmed their own interests or preferences or became aware of new aspects of themselves. This suggests that photo therapy stimulated self-expression and self-discovery in university students. It was also indicated that the act of reviewing photographs did not make people resistant to expressing or facing themselves. Also, the linguistic data related to the “awareness of self” that were obtained through these reviews were organized into categories. The resultant categories were “preferences,” “living conditions,” “features of the self,” and “the internal factors leading to taking photographs.

スイコウ キノウ ガ イカリ カンキジ ノ イカリ ノ テイド オヨビ コウドウ ヨクセイ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of executive functions on the intensity of anger and on the inhibitory control over feelings of anger. The participants comprised 13 undergraduate students (6 males and 7 females). Measures used were the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) for executive functions, the trait and state anger scales for anger, and the go/no-go task for inhibitory control. The participants were divided into two groups (high or low executive functions) on the basis of their average scores (± 1/2 SD) on the BADS. The participants were presented with anger-inducing situations that were made into recorded speech. Then, the anger levels within the presented situations and the inhibitory control that was exhibited after the situations were measured. This study suggested that the average anger levels among the high executive functions group were lower than the anger levels of the low executive functions group. In addition, the anger levels after the go/no-go task were observed to be lower in the high executive functions group than in the low executive functions group. These results suggest a difference in anger levels between the high and low executive functions groups in the same anger-inducing situations as well as after problem solving

ダイガクセイ ニオケル テキイ キゾク バイアス ト ニンチ キノウ ノ カンレン

This study examined relationship among hostile attributional bias, anger and cognitive function. In the study 1, we examined relationship between hostile attributional bias and states of anger in university students. As a result, the hostility attribution bias of college students was confirmed. Because there was university students who indicated high hostility attribution in an unclear intention of the other. In addition, the tendency of the university stude nt’s intention attribution is significantly higher in when the other is acquaintance. And, it was indicated that the university students showed more strong hostility attribution bias to friends than the others. A positive correlation was found between hostility attribution bias and state anger. It was shown that the hostility attributable bias group often experiences hostile interpretation, anger feeling even in daily life. In Study 2, we examined the relationship between execution function, hostility attribution bias and anger expression. As the result, high cognitive flexibility group indicated significantly higher score than the low group in unintentional attribution. We examined the relationship between performance function and anger expression, but no significant difference was found. From these results, it is considered that the high cognitive flexibility group can be made various intention attributions in a situation where the intention of the other is unclear

Social comparison and self-stereotyping : Gender of compared targets influences self-perceptions of men and women <Article>

This study examined whether gender differences in self-rated personality traits are context dependent. Japanese university students rated themselves on positive and negative aspects of agency (masculine) and communion (feminine) traits in three comparative conditions: between-gender, within-gender, and control conditions. Results indicated that men perceived themselves as less feminine with regard to the positive aspects of communion than women in the intergroup comparison condition. Men in the intergroup condition had significantly lower ratings for the positive aspects of communion, compared to those in the other two conditions; however, these ratings were provided only by men with low social dominance orientation. Additionally, no significant differences were observed among women. Thus, the gender self-stereotyping process among men was discussed.本研究の一部はJSPS科研費（課題番号263808440）の助成を受けた

ASK1-dependent recruitment and activation of macrophages induce hair growth in skin wounds

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein 3-kinase family that activates both c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 pathways in response to inflammatory cytokines and physicochemical stress. We report that ASK1 deficiency in mice results in dramatic retardation of wounding-induced hair regrowth in skin. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that expression of several chemotactic and activating factors for macrophages, as well as several macrophage-specific marker genes, was reduced in the skin wound area of ASK1-deficient mice. Intracutaneous transplantation of cytokine-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages strongly induced hair growth in both wild-type and ASK1-deficient mice. These findings indicate that ASK1 is required for wounding-induced infiltration and activation of macrophages, which play central roles in inflammation-dependent hair regrowth in skin

Muscle mass, quality, and strength; physical function and activity; and metabolic status in cachectic patients with head and neck cancer

Background & aims: Cancer cachexia is commonly associated with poor prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, its pathophysiology and treatment are not well established. The current study aimed to assess the muscle mass/quality/strength, physical function and activity, resting energy expenditure (REE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) in cachectic patients with HNC. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study analyzed 64 patients with HNC. Body composition was measured via direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle quality was assessed using echo intensity on ultrasonography images. Muscle strength was investigated utilizing handgrip strength and isometric knee extension force (IKEF). Physical function was evaluated using the 10-mwalking speed test and the five times sit-to-stand (5-STS) test. Physical activity was examined using a wearable triaxial accelerometer. REE and RQ were measured via indirect calorimetry. These parameters were compared between the cachectic and noncachectic groups. Results: In total, 23 (36%) patients were diagnosed with cachexia. The cachectic group had a significantly lower muscle mass than the noncachectic group. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in terms of fat between the two groups. The cachectic group had a higher quadriceps echo intensity and a lower handgrip strength and IKEF than the noncachectic group. Moreover, they had a significantly slower normal and maximum walking speed and 5 STS speed. The number of steps, total activity time, and time of activity (<3 Mets) did not significantly differ between the two groups. The cachectic group had a shorter time of activity (≥3 Mets) than the noncachectic group. Furthermore, the cachectic group had a significantly higher REE/body weight and REE/fat free mass and a significantly lower RQ than the noncachectic group. Conclusions: The cachectic group had a lower muscle mass/quality/strength and physical function and activity and a higher REE than the noncachectic group. Thus, REE and physical activity should be evaluated to determine energy requirements. The RQ was lower in the cachectic group than that in the noncachectic group, indicating changes in energy substrate. Further studies must be conducted to examine effective nutritional and exercise interventions for patients with cancer cachexia

Diseño de sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y ampliación del sistema de agua potable del Barrio Villa Vallarta en la Ciudad de Managua

El presente estudio monográfico denominado "DISEÑO DEL SISTEMA DE ALCANTARILLADO SANITARIO Y AMPLIACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE AGUA POTABLE EN EL BARRIO VILLA VALLARTA'', tiene como propósito mejorar las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de la población, djsminuir el índice de mortalidad infantil y promover cambios de comportamientos en los miembros de las familias beneficiadas, para que mejoren su nivel de vida. EI Barrio Villa Vallarta se encuentra ubicado en la parie Nor-Este de la ciudad de Managua, localizándose en la zona alta del Acueducto de Managua; específicamente está ubicado en el Distrito No. Vl de la municipalidad de Managua. Se caracteriza por ser una zona de alta densidad debido que en dicho Barrio se encuentran construcciones sencillas y lotes con dimensiones y áreas homogéneas, de aproximadamente | 05 m2. Esta conformado por 393 viviendas,13 manzanas, 9 calles y 3 avenidas, alcanzando un área total de aproximadamente 67, 327.81 m2, incluyendo calles, avenidas y un área comunal de 1,575.45 m2 La calles miden aproximadamente 750.45 m2 Para formular el estudio monográfico, primeramente se realizó un diagnóstico situacional a través de ntrevistas y encuesta dirigidas. a funcionarios, líderes comunales y familias del Barrio. Posteriormente se efectuará el estudio topográfico y el estudio de suelo para conocer las características del terreno y la clasificación o tipo de suelo que predomina en el Barrio. Además se realizó la valoración del Sistema de Alcantarillado Sanitario y Sistema de Agua Potable existente