Universitários praticantes de musculação realizam consumo irregular de macronutrientes ao longo do dia com ingestão predominante de proteínas de fonte animal

Introduction: Intake of proper amounts of macronutrients and high-quality proteins throughout the day might present an impact on muscle recovery and adaptation induced by resistance training.Objectives: Evaluate the distribution of macronutrients and protein sources intake in each meal consumed by college bodybuilders.Materials and Methods: 90 college bodybuilders were assessed. Food intake was evaluated through three 24h food records. Two of them were collected during weekdays on training days and the other one during weekends, with no training. Participant’s weight, height and body composition were determined.Results: Participants presented irregular intake of energy and macronutrients throughout the day, concentrated at lunch and dinner, indicating them both as the day’s main meals. The consumption of animal protein sources was predominant in every meal, with higher percentage at dinner (80,72%) and at postworkout meal (80,87%). Participants who trained six times a week presented significantly higher protein and energy intake, compared to those who trained three or four times a week. (p<0,05).Conclusion: We concluded that college students consume energy and macronutrients distributed in an irregular way throughout the day and proteins intake are predominantly from animals sources.Introdução: A ingestão de quantidades adequadas de macronutrientes e proteínas de alta qualidade ao longo do dia pode apresentar impacto na recuperação e adaptação muscular induzida pelo treinamento resistido. Objetivo: Avaliar a distribuição da ingestão de macronutrientes e de fontes proteicas em cada refeição realizada por universitários praticantes de musculação. Materiais e Métodos: Foram avaliados 90 universitários praticantes de musculação. A ingestão alimentar foi avaliada utilizando três registros alimentares de 24h. Dois registros alimentares foram coletados durante a semana em dias de treinos e outro no fim de semana, sem treino. Foram determinados o peso, altura e a composição corporal dos participantes. Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram consumo irregular de energia e macronutrientes ao longo do dia, concentrados no almoço e jantar, indicando que essas são as duas principais refeições do dia. O consumo de proteínas de origem animal foi predominante em todas as refeições, com maiores percentuais observados no jantar (80,72%) e na refeição pós-treino (80,87%). Os participantes que realizavam seis treinos por semana apresentaram ingestão de proteínas e energia significativamente maior comparado àqueles que treinavam três ou quatro vezes por semana (p<0,05). Conclusão: conclui-se que os universitários consomem energia e macronutrientes distribuídos de forma irregular ao longo do dia e que as proteínas ingeridas são predominantemente de fontes animais

Avaliação do consumo alimentar e composição corporal de universitários praticantes de musculação

Resistance training associated with proper nutrition promotes health benefits, physical performance and improvement in body shape. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dietary intake and body composition of college students practitioners of resistance training. Ninety college students with average age of 22,56 ± 3,58 years were enrolled. Body composition was measured by the skinfold method, and three specific skinfolds were measured for men and women. All participants provided three complete 24h dietary recall. The evaluation of body composition indicated that the average value of the body fat percentage of the participants was 18,34 ± 9,57%, being the classifications “very good†and “moderately high†those with the highest percentage of students. The average daily intake of energy and macronutrients was: energy (31,05 ± 10,42 kcal/kg/d), carbohydrates (3,67 ± 1,50 g/kg/d), proteins (1,73 ± 0,73 g/kg/d) and lipids (31,09 ± 6,55%). With the exception of lipid, all of these values ​​were included in the recommended ranges, however, more than half of college students had inadequate energy consumption, macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) and micronutrients (calcium, sodium, vitamins C, B1, B2 and B3). It was concluded that the food intake of the students presented relevant inadequacies of various nutrients, being of great importance the nutritional approach with this group, aiming to improve their health and results through the adoption of healthy eating habits.O treinamento de musculação associado à nutrição adequada promove benefícios à saúde, desempenho físico e melhora da estética corporal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo alimentar e a composição corporal de estudantes universitários praticantes de musculação. Foram avaliados 90 estudantes universitários com idade média de 22,56 ± 3,58 anos. A composição corporal foi determinada utilizando o método de dobras cutâneas, sendo aferidas três dobras específicas para homens e mulheres. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio da aplicação de três registros alimentares 24h. A avaliação da composição corporal apontou que o valor médio do percentual de gordura dos participantes foi de 18,34 ± 9,57%, sendo as classificações “muito bom†e “moderadamente alta†aquelas que apresentaram maior percentual de estudantes. Os valores médios da ingestão diária de energia e macronutrientes foram: energia (31,05 ± 10,42 kcal/kg/d), carboidrato (3,67 ± 1,50 g/kg/d), proteína (1,73 ± 0,73 g/kg/d) e lipídeo (31,09 ± 6,55%). Com exceção do lipídeo, todos esses valores estão inclusos nas faixas recomendadas, entretanto, mais da metade dos universitários apresentaram consumo inadequado de energia, macronutrientes (carboidratos, proteínas e lipídeos) e micronutrientes (cálcio, sódio, vitaminas C, B1, B2 e B3). Concluiu-se que o consumo alimentar dos estudantes apresentou relevantes inadequações de vários nutrientes, sendo de grande importância a abordagem nutricional com esse grupo, visando melhorar sua saúde e resultados através da adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis

Using spin to understand the formation of LIGO's black holes

With the detection of four candidate binary black hole (BBH) mergers by the Advanced LIGO detectors thus far, it is becoming possible to constrain the properties of the BBH merger population in order to better understand the formation of these systems. Black hole (BH) spin orientations are one of the cleanest discriminators of formation history, with BHs in dynamically formed binaries in dense stellar environments expected to have spins distributed isotropically, in contrast to isolated populations where stellar evolution is expected to induce BH spins preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum. In this work we propose a simple, model-agnostic approach to characterizing the spin properties of LIGO's BBH population. Using measurements of the effective spin of the binaries, which is LIGO's best constrained spin parameter, we introduce a simple parameter to quantify the fraction of the population that is isotropically distributed, regardless of the spin magnitude distribution of the population. Once the orientation characteristics of the population have been determined, we show how measurements of effective spin can be used to directly constrain the underlying BH spin magnitude distribution. Although we find that the majority of the current effective spin measurements are too small to be informative, with LIGO's four BBH candidates we find a slight preference for an underlying population with aligned spins over one with isotropic spins (with an odds ratio of 1.1). We argue that it will be possible to distinguish symmetric and anti-symmetric populations at high confidence with tens of additional detections, although mixed populations may take significantly more detections to disentangle. We also derive preliminary spin magnitude distributions for LIGO's black holes, under the assumption of aligned or isotropic populations

Microbiological Investigation of the Iron-Containing Floculent Mats in Various Deep Sea Environments

Conference abstract (August 14-19, 2011, Goldschmidt 2011 in Prague, Czech Republic)http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/natsushima/nt10-13_leg2/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/yokosuka/yk10-10/

Stereoisomer Discrimination of Some Amino Sugars: Chiral Recognition FAB Mass Spectrometry Coupled with the Enantiomer-Labeled Host Method

FAB mass spectrometry coupled with the host-guest complexation method was used to distinguish some amino sugars (1-8) including glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine, etc. The method characteristically used a 1:1 mixture of the chiral crown ether host whose enantiomer was isotopically labeled. Diastereomer differentiation of a given amino sugar salt (G+) was simply measured with a given host pair (A or B) (HRRRR:HSSSS-d6=1:1) from the peak intensity ratio of the two diastereomeric host-guest complex ions as I[(HRRRR+G)+]/I[(HSSSS-d6+G)+]≡IRIS (abbreviation). The stereoisomer differentiation was performed by the IRIS values in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 (for the use of the host pair A) and from 0.4 to 3.4 (for the use of the host pair B). The five underivatized amino sugar hydrochloride salts (1-5) were successfully differentiated using the present chiral recognition FAB mass spectrometry. The stereoisomer-(13C)-labeled guest method was also presensed to evaluate their relative complexation abilities

Measurement of Chiral Recognition Properties of Crown Ethers Using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Hydrogen bonding host-guest complex ions between chiral crown ethers and chiral amino acid ester salts, detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) with a DHBA or MSA matrix, were studied on the view point of chiral recognition properties of the chiral crown hosts. The chiral recognition property (IR/IS-dn value≅1.0) obtained by the present MALDI-MS is sharply different from the IR/IS-dn value obtained by FAB-MS or ESI-MS (≠1.0) in the same host-guest combinations. The direct comparison on the basis of the IR/IS-dn values suggests that MALDI-MS is not a suitable measurement tool for chiral host-guest interactions probably because of the particular way of sample preparation involving a crystallization process

Chiral Recognition of 18-Crown-6-tetracarboxylic Acid toward Amino Acids and Organic Amines by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry.A Comparison with Capillary Electrophoresis

Chiral recognition of the host-guest complexations between the (RRRR)-18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (18 C6TCA) host (H) and α-amino acid or their ester derivative guests (G) has been systematically determined using both FAB mass spectrometry (MS) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CE). A comparison of these two techniques for the same series of guests was then done for the first lime. In the case of 18C6TCA，we found that there is no correlation between the chiral recognition obtained from FABMS (i.e.，the IRIS value)and from CE(i.e.，the α value in an aqueous buffer solution) covering three sets of guests including amino acids，amino acid esters，and primary aromatic amines. On the other hand. the former showed a good agreement with that from NMR (i.e.，the KR/Ks value: the ratio of the corresponding equilibrium constants)， supporting our earlier conclusion that FABMS is a good measurement tool for predicting differences (44G°values) in the respective chiral H-G interactions in solution. We also found that when a given guest changes from an amino acid to its corresponding amino acid　ester，the α value by CE dramatically changes from α>1.0 toα<1.0，though the IRIS value by FABMS does not show any such changes. These findings，were considered to be due to the characteristic contributions of the dissociable host\u27s COOH functions under the experimental pH conditions in CE