The Inuit of Greenland: Doing Area Studies on the Compromise between Reciprocity and Utility

It has been pointed out that the concept of the relationship between humans and nature held by Greenland’s Inuit, in comparison with Alaska and Canada, contains a strong utilitarian perception that seeks to maximize, and which exists in compromise with, a reciprocal attitude towards nature. However, almost no work has been done to unravel the process in which, so to speak, such a mixture was created. This paper summarizes the joint research that posed the question why such a relationship between humans and nature, which is a compromise between reciprocity and utilitarianism, was formed. We focused our attention on three factors that have been addressed in previous research only partially and have not been examined thoroughly enough: A. fusion with Christianity, B. the processes of modernization and secularization, and C. the cultural and social role of elders in the Inuit society. 要旨グリーンランド・イヌイット社会の人間―自然関係は、アラスカやカナダに比して、効用の最大化を求めていくような功利主義的なパーセプションを色濃く内包し、互酬的な自然への処し方との折衷で成り立っていることが指摘されてきた。しかし、そのいわば混淆性の生成過程の解法を探求する積み上げはほとんどなされてこなかった。本稿は、グリーンランド・イヌイット社会における互酬性と功利性の折衷による人間―自然関係はなぜ醸成されたかを問う共同研究プロジェクトの要点をまとめたものである。先行研究において断片的に指摘されながらも、充分に検討されることがなかった、①キリスト教への習合、②近代化/世俗化、③イヌイット社会における長老の文化社会的機能という主に3つの要素の相関に着目している

Whaling as a Battleground: The EU Regulatory Empire and Denmark/Greenland

At the Environment Council of Luxembourg on 5 June 2008, the European Union (EU) stated its common position in support of maintaining the moratorium on whaling/protection of whales. The present paper tries to present an overview of political relations between the EU, its member state Denmark and Denmark’s dominion Greenland while exploring the ‘regulatory empire’ concept with regard to whaling activities. In this respect, if we were to define the methodological approach of this paper in a single phrase, we could use the expression: “conceptual redefinition of the physical substance”. This approach enables us to theoretically explain the uncertainty that accompanies the act of the subject, and to make visible structural elements that have not been noticed so far. 2008年6月5日、EUはルクセンブルクにおいて環境相理事会を開き、EUの共通理念として捕鯨をめぐるEUのスタンスを初めて「反捕鯨」とすることで一致した。本稿は、EUの「反捕鯨」規範が物質構造と規範構造の間主観的相互作用によって形成され、それがEUの政策を規定しているという前提に立ち、捕鯨をめぐるEU、EU加盟国デンマーク、そしてデンマークの自治領グリーンランドの三者を「規制帝国」という新たな概念を援用して説明することを試みるものである

Fundamental Study to Create a Joint Modeling Bringing up a Skill to Build a Relationship in a Childcare Facility

近年の社会変化により，子どもの遊びには変化が見られ，主体性を発揮して夢中になれる活動や，友達とやりとりをしながら創造性を発揮する機会が，必要とされている。つまり，遊びを通した子ども同士の関わりは，道徳性・社会性を育み，人間関係形成能力を育むための重要な課題であると指摘できる。人間関係形成能力を育むための活動の１つとして，共同造形制作が考えられる。本論では，子ども同士の関わりを作る造形表現活動の実践は，１人では作ることができない大きな作品で，アイデアを多く必要とする「寄せがき方式」の制作遊びを設定して行うことが望ましいと考えられる。創造的な遊びには，子どもにとって友達とイメージを共有して作る要素が多く，テーマや色や形を工夫していくことができると考える。Due to recent social changes, we can see changes in how children play and it is required to have activities that they can really into by exercising independence or opportunities in which they can exercise creativity by communicating with friends. Accordingly, we can indicate that communication among children through playing will be an important issue to grow morality and sociality as well as growing skills to build a relationship. As one of activities to grow skills to build a relationship, we can consider a joint modeling. In this study, we consider that practices of activities to express modeling that build a relationship among children should be a big work that cannot be created alone therefore it is desirable to proceed such practices by setting a play to create a “message method” that require a lot of ideas. Creative play has many elements created by sharing images with friends for children and we consider that they can devise themes, colors, and shapes

Inklusion, imagepleje eller nødvendighed? Basepolitik i Grønland og politisk kultur i Danmark

Thulebasen er en strategisk vigtig amerikansk base med flere funktioner. Ikke kun for USA og Danmark, men også for Grønland – basens vært – der har status som medunderskriver af aftalen, som garanterer basens eksistens. Hvordan fik Grønland en sådan status inden for national sikkerhed, der ellers traditionelt betragtes som udelukkende et statsanliggende? I denne artikel diskuterer vi etablerede teorier og forklaringer af basepolitik, baseret på henholdsvis realismens fokus på magtforhold og sikkerhedstrusler og socialkonstruktivismens opmærksomhed på historisk og social genealogi af billeder og identitet i internationale relationer. Ved at nærlæse danske folketingsdebatter og lovtekster foreslår vi imidlertid, at det politiske klima og konventioner også udgør vigtige faktorer, som er vigtige at inkludere sammen med magt og billeder

Sugoroku Play through Collaborative Molding Creation to Develop Skills to Establish Relationship among Children in 4-Year-Old Class of Nursery School

人間関係形成能力を育むための活動の１つとして，共同造形制作が考えられる。共同造形制作は，１人では作ることができない大きな作品で，着想を多く必要とする「寄せがき方式」の制作遊びを設定して行うことが望ましい。そこで，具体的な保育実践案として双六遊びを行い，人間関係形成能力育成における有効性の検証と，保育者に求められる指導・援助方法の考察を行った。双六の制作は，友達の発言や行動に関心を持ちやすい環境で行われ，話し合いによって色や形を工夫することができた。また，双六遊びの偶然性やルール作りの必要性から，発達過程に適合した楽しい遊びを通して友達と深く関われる活動であったと言える。保育者の援助においては，子どもが人間関係を形成する上で，イメージの共有を促す声掛けが必要であると共に，保育者が介入しない見守りも重要であった。We can consider that one of activities to develop skills to establish relationship is collaborative molding creation. Collaborative modeling creation is a large piece of work that cannot be created by a single person, and it is desirable to set up a "Yosegaki type" of creation play that requires a lot of inspiration. Accordingly, we conducted Sugoroku play as a detailed nursing practice idea to verify its effectiveness in developing skill to establish relationship and considered the teaching and support methods required of childcare-givers. Sugoroku was made in an environment where children were able to pay attention to what their friends said and did, and they were able to devise colors and shapes through discussion. Moreover, from the coincidental nature of Sugoroku play and the necessity of making rules, we could say that it was an activity to be deeply involved with friends through fun play adapted to the developmental process. In assisting childcare-givers, it was important to encourage children to share images and to watch them without intervention by childcare-givers in developing relationship among children

Monitoring mature tomato (red stage) quality during storage using ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence image

The potential of UV-induced fluorescence imaging was investigated as a non-destructive tool to monitor postharvest quality degradation of tomatoes harvested at the red stage and stored at 25 °C. The fluorescence images (excitation at 365 nm) were found to be a better indicator of tomato quality degradation than color images after color saturation. Tomatoes were stored at 25 °C for 9 d. The changes in color and fluorescence of tomato were evaluated by two types of images: Color and fluorescence images. A conventional colorimeter was also used for as a reference. Changes in the RGB ratio for these two types of images were opposite. In the color images, the G ratio decreased rapidly for the initial 3 or 5 d and then stabilized afterwards. On the other hand, in the fluorescence images, the G ratio increased continuously up to 9 d. Given that temperature conditions during transportation and storage of tomatoes is not always ideal, the results from this research provide the foundation for developing a postharvest monitoring system of mature tomato quality degradation

Risk factors for low adherence to methylphenidate treatment in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Poor adherence is a major concern in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study was to evaluate factors linked to early interruption of and low adherence to treatment with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) in pediatric patients with ADHD. A total of 1353 young people (age 6–17 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD who newly started OROS-MPH were extracted from the pharmacoepidemiological data of 3 million people in Japan. The cohort was retrospectively surveyed every month for 12 months. Ten possible risk factors were extracted from the data and analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure the robustness of the analysis. The results revealed that treatment adherence was generally poor, with a tendency for discontinuation in the early stage. Multivariable logistic regression results showed that adherence is reduced by female sex, lower starting dose, and concomitant atomoxetine or hypnotics. These findings may help clinicians to predict the risk of poor adherence in the early stage of treatment and improve not only patients’ symptoms, but also their quality of life

Living with Diversity Vol. II: 20-21 October 2009, University of Ljubljana

Living with Diversity, volume II, documents the proceedings of the Slovenia-Japan University Cooperation Network Graduate Student Forum Series held at Ljubljana University in 2009. The proceedings comprise the individual research papers as well as reports of the two discussion sessions and overall forum evaluation. While the individual papers discuss issues from each researcher’s specific field of expertise within the federating theme, the discussion sessions address a wide range of issues and problems concerning the individual, governance and flexibility from an essentially trans-disciplinary perspective. 『多様性を生きる』第２巻は、2009年にリュブリャナ大学において開催された「スロベニア・日本学生知的交流会議」の報告書です。本報告書は、個々の論文ならびに２つのディスカッション・セッション報告と学生会議に対する総評を収めています。各論文においては、統一テーマの枠内で、研究者が各自の専門領域から問題を論じているのに対して、２つのディスカッション・セッションにおいては、本質的に領域横断的な視点から、個人、統治、柔軟性に関する広範な論点と課題を取り上げています

Study of plastic scintillator based reactor neutrino detector

Recently nuclear power plant becomes one of the important electric power sources to reduce the greenhouse gasses emission. Nuclear reactor fuel consists of the uranium-235 (235U) enriched uranium and produces the thermal energy via nuclear fission process. Through the reactor operation, uranium-238 (238U) fission also produces the plutonium- 239 (239Pu), which should be strictly under controlled to avoid the diversion to the nuclear weapon for a nonproliferation and safeguard. At this point, monitoring of the nuclear power plant operation and its fuels exchange have important role for the peaceful nuclear energy usage. In this study, we produce the prototype of nuclear reactor monitor based on the plastic scintillator detecting anti-neutrinos, which produced through the several times of beta-decay from the nuclear fission products. In addition, we apply the monitoring performance simulation assuming the 1 ton size detector placed very closely to the reactor core