Metaphysics and Metaphysical Poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Sun Chuo comprehensively grasped the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism by using the concept of the Dao as a cord. Therefore, Confucian saints, Buddhist buddhas, and Lao Tzu were considered to be on the same ground as those who mastered the Dao. Moreover, Sun Chuo did not only grasp such metaphysical phases intellectually, but he actually aimed to achieve the metaphysical state himself. And in the end, it became an attempt to fly beyond all relative conflicts, although it first relied on both traditional and foreign ideas. In the literary works written by Sun Chuo, his thoughts based on such multiple religions were lying in the background. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Processing Technologies and Production of Food in the Jomon Period

During the Jomon period, which lasted about 13,000 years, a variety of food processing techniques were developed. First of all, there is pottery itself, which was the most basic tool for processing food in the Jomon. Early pottery is thought to have been used for cooking and processing fish, but the number of pottery sherds excavated in the Incipient Jomon is quite limited. The number of pottery shapes increased later on, suggesting that pottery was used for various purposes and times during the Jomon period. As for food processing facilities, we can point to a series of earthen pits in the Kyushu region which are thought to have been smoking facilities, and shell mounds as food processing sites that were typically developed in eastern Japan. Each technology had its diversity depending on the period and region. Although not food itself, salt production using salt-making pottery began in the Late Jomon period. From the Late Jomon period onward, the number of water reservoirs associated with wooden structures used for processing nuts, such as horse chestnuts and walnuts, increased in eastern Japan. Although acorn and nuts had been used since the Early Jomon period, the use of lowland storage pits in the western part of Japan suggests that the use and processing of acorn and nuts changed after the Late Jomon period. ??13,000????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

A Quantitative Study of Transitive and Intransitive Constructions in Hindi and Japanese

Previous studies have suggested that, like Japanese, Hindi displays a preference for intransitive constructions that describe events as spontaneous occurrences over transitive constructions that give prominence to the agent. This study compares the frequency of transitive and intransitive constructions in the two languages by using a Hindi novel and its Japanese translation as a parallel corpus. The results show that not only was there no significant difference in the number of transitive and intransitive constructions, the frequency of transitivity pairs (causative/non- causative pairs) is also similar with both languages using more non-causative pairs. The implication of this finding for errors observed in Hindi-speaking learners of Japanese is discussed. ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Archaeology for Disaster Management

While the importance of interdisciplinary studies has been recognized recently, each research field is becoming more subdivided. Expertise in the research field must be assured yet, on the other hand, joint research with other research areas can effectively expand the depth and reach of research. Based on my own experience, this paper introduces an example of interdisciplinary study combining archaeology, geology, and geotechnology. I show that this interdisciplinary study has a wider social significance than isolated studies in each research area would have had. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????