Relation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with some biochemical variables in high-risk aborted women in Mosul city, Iraq

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), or Kissing Virus, is a member of the Herpes virus that can be a contributory factor for compromised pregnant, high-risk aborted women worldwide. The present study aimed to detect high-risk EBV by the Monospot test for pregnant, high-risk aborted women, to detect immunoglobulin IgM and IgG for EBV using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, to distinguish the infections as acute, chronic, or reactivated, and to determination of Enzymes as Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alanine Transaminase (ALT).A cohort of 91 serum samples were collected from high-risk aborted women (ages 15-45 years) who attended Al-Medina Private Laboratory from February to December 2022.Sera were tested for heterophile antibodies(HA) associated with Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) caused by EBV by Latex Agglutination slide test (IM Quick test) and were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against EBV-CA in serum using the ELISA kit.Sera from the patients and healthy controls were analyzed for Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Alkaline phosphatase. Compared to healthy controls, the data showed that the late phase with loss and reactivated infection was responsible for 25% of cases and that the acute and late infection cases had a high of 64%. There were significant differences in the level of these hormones;aborted women showed increased levels of serum ALP (70.83) while having a reverse effect with serum ALT (11.7) and AST (25.43). EBV activation was higher in the aborted women. The study would help to determine the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of abortion.

Derivation of An Equation to Measure The Sense of The Comfort (Study in Applied Climatology)

يعد موضوع الحرارة الحسية من المواضيع المهمة التي تدخل حيز التطبيق في الدراسات المتعلقة بالمناخ وتأثيره على راحة الانسان وصحته, ففي الدراسات التخطيطية والمعمارية يسعى المخططون والمهندسون دائما لتوفير بيئة عمرانية ملائمة لعيش الانسان ومزاولة اعماله في ظل تأثير عناصر المناخ السائدة , والعمل على تخفيف ذلك التأثير قدر المستطاع من خلال العديد من الوسائل . يهدف البحث لإيجاد صيغة رياضية يمكن من خلالها معرفة مقدار درجة الحرارة الحسية المؤثرة في راحة الانسان لكل شهر من اشهر السنة ولأي بلد حول العالم , ومن خلال الخوض في هذا الموضوع تمكن الباحثان من اشتقاق معادلة رياضية ادخل فيها ثلاثة عناصر للمناخ (درجة الحرارة والرطوبة النسبية وسرعة الرياح) , وبعد تطبيق المعادلة على مناخ محافظات الفرات الاوسط من العراق فقد اعطت نتائج دقيقة وواقعية ومفهومة وبطريقة سهلة .The subject of sensual heat is regarded as an important topic that comes into application in climatic studies and its impact on human comfort and health. in planning and architectural studies planners and engineers aim to provide an urban environment appropriate for-living and working under the prevailing climate elements. They also work to mitigate this effect as much as possible through various methods. The research aims to find a mathematical formula by which to find out the amount of sensual temperature that affects the comfort of humans for each month of the year and for each country around the world. Researchers derived a mathematical equation in which three climate elements (temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) were inputted, and after applying the equation to the climate data of the Middle Euphrates Provinces of Iraq, accurate realistic and understandable results were obtained

COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF FIVE GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL GENOTYPES

Objective: Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is the world’s most important consumed seed legume. The objectives of the present study were to determine the variability in phytochemical composition and biological activities between five genotypes of G. max. Methods: Lipoidal matters were determined using glucose (GLC). Amino acids were detected by the amino acid analyzer. The phytoconstituents present within each ethanol extract was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins was analyzed using a spectrophotometric technique, based on Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, and the modified vanillin hydrochloric acid method, respectively. Quercetin, catechin, and gallic acid were used as standard compounds, respectively. Isoflavones content were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/photodiode array (PDA). The radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of the genotypes using different in vitro analytical assays such as 2,2-diphenyl,1-picryl hydrazyl, 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, reducing power, metal chelating, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power. Butyl hydroxyl toluene and trolox were used as the reference antioxidant radical scavenger compounds. Antitumor activity was evaluated by detecting the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells on four different concentrations (1–5 mg/mL). Results: GLC analysis showed the high value of total unsaturated fatty acids and 16 amino acids including glutamic acid with the highest concentration. The variation between genotypes according to their chemical composition of the aldehydes, esters, ketones, alcoholics, and carboxylic content were reported. HPLC/PDA referred to the presence of daidzein, genistein, and in all genotypes. Conclusion: The results confirm the higher value of phytoconstituents of the genotype Giza 35 and Giza 21 as well as their better bioactivity

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF TWO SOLANUM TUBEROSUM CULTIVARS GROWN IN EGYPT

Objective: This paper reports a comparative study based on the chemical composition, antioxidant and therapeutic effect of two Egyptian cultivars of Solanum tuberosum; Baraka (STB) and Alpha (STA) on hepatic functions and oxidative stress in alloxan (ALX)-treated rats.Methods: The potential of cultivars as a source of natural antioxidants were explored using five in vitro assays, and the results were compared with butylated hydroxyl toluene and Trolox. The modulator role of cultivars was assessed by determining its effect on oxidative stress measured by lipid peroxide (LPO) levels, serum aminotransferases and on antioxidative enzymatic activities of glutathione transferases, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, histological examinations of liver, kidney, pancreas and spleen were carried out to confirm the biochemical changes of the diabetic group of rats non-treated and treated with STB, STA and glibenclamide as standard drug.Results: Our findings demonstrated variations in antioxidant activities of each cultivar. An increase in LPO, aminotransferases levels was observed in the ALX-induced diabetic rats. Administration of each cultivar for four w caused a significant reduction in LPO, serum aminotransferases levels in the ALX-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the activities of all the investigated antioxidant enzymes was marked. In addition, the total content of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and alkaloids were varied in each cultivar.Conclusion: STB evidenced remarkable bioactivity compared to that exhibited by STA. Moreover, three known compounds, previously not isolated from Solanum genus, were obtained from the methylene chloride fraction of STB.Â

A self-organizing communication model for disaster risk management

Pandemic, industrial accidents, geological and meteorological hazards, airplane crashes, and bombings cause the death of tens to thousands of people and lead to severe damage to economy and environment. Previous studies estimated that since the 1990s, 60.000 people, on average, die every year while the lives and livelihoods of other millions are affected. In disaster time, communications between different parties become essential for disaster management. Although some organizations have already started using social media for disaster management, a full adoption by the community is still facing some obstacles. Highlighting the significance of the research issue, this study introduces a self-organizing communication model for disaster risk management. The model proposes the idea of the public is communicating directly to the public through social media tools, which establishes for a self-organizing communication projection that adds both decentrality and independency to its work, with reduced latency, interruptions, and failures in its internal communications. The proposed model can be used in real life scenarios for post-disaster recovery plans

Compact Discrete Breathers on Flat Band Networks

Linear wave equations on flat band networks host compact localized eigenstates (CLS). Nonlinear wave equations on translationally invariant flat band networks can host compact discrete breathers - time periodic and spatially compact localized solutions. Such solutions can appear as one-parameter families of continued linear compact eigenstates, or as discrete sets on families of non-compact discrete breathers, or even on purely dispersive networks with fine-tuned nonlinear dispersion. In all cases, their existence relies on destructive interference. We use CLS amplitude distribution properties and orthogonality conditions to derive existence criteria and stability properties for compact discrete breathers as continued CLS.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) PLANTS TO POLYAMINES UNDER LEAD STRESS

Objective: The distribution, growth, development and productivity of wheat plants are greatly affected by various abiotic stresses such as lead (Pb) stress which become one of the most abundant toxic metal in the earth crust. Under the three applied polyamine (PAs) applications, the efficiency of wheat plants to tolerate Pb2+ stress in terms of growth and yield characteristics was noticed to varying degrees. Methods: The current study focused on the impact of 2.0 mM lead (Pb2+) on growth and performance of wheat plants before and after PAs applications. The sterilized seeds were soaked for 8 h at room temperature, either in distilled water (as a control), 0.25 mM spermine (Spm), 0.50 mM spermidine (Spd), or in 1.0 mM putrescine (Put). Results: Point out that, better growth and yield characteristics, chlorophyll “a” (Chl-a), chlorophyll “b” (Chl-b), soluble sugars, indoles, and enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., peroxidase (POX), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and glutathione reductase) and the enzyme α-amylase contents were obtained with seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd, or 1.0 mM Put than those generated with seed soaking in water under 2.0 mM Pb2+ stress. In contrast, the concentration of endogenous Pb2+ was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Among all tested PAs, 1.0 mM Put showed the best results and thus is recommended, as seed soaking, for wheat to grow well under Pb2+ stress

Serovalue of hydatid disease in Baghdad

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a one major species of medical and public health importance which causes cystic echinococcosis.Hydatid disease is able to modulate antiparasite immune responses, persist and flourish in humans. Objective: The main objective of this study is to diagnostic value for hydatidosis and to identify the prevalence in human in two different areas of Baghdad city which include urban and rural areas. Evaluating hydatid fluid antigen and hydatid cyst wall antigen for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis(CE). preparation ELISA kit for detecting specific antibodies in patients and relative sera is considered as an important step in determining the recurrent case after surgical operation. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients infected with hydatidosis , One-hundred and seven relatives’ patients and Thirty patients’ follow-up. NAJAT-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NAJAT-latex test for the Immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis of human hydatid disease by detecting the specific antibodies in patients. Results: hydatidosis in females was the same as in the males. One-hundred and seven relatives’ patients. In rural area the seroprevalence were 12 male cases and 4 female cases ,While in urban area 5male cases,5 female cases,respectively. Thirty patients’ follow-up four patients developed recurrences at 3-7 months postoperatively. Conclusion: In relatives’ patients no statistically significant differences in the frequency between both sexes. But a highly statistically significant differences (p=0.05) were shown between hydatidosis infected persons in relation to area(urban area,rural area). There were no significant differences in the rates seropositive case for different occupations(p=0.05). NAJAT-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NAJAT-latex test appeared to be a useful confirmatory tests with specific antigens represent good candidates for the Immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis of human hydatid disease by detecting the specific antibodies in patients

Residual Stress effect on Fatigue Behavior of 2024- Aluminum alloy

In the present work the effect of residual stress on the fatigue behavior of 2024 Aluminum alloy was studied experimentally and numerically using finite element method with aid of ANSYS-11 software. All the test specimens treated by annealing before any process to remove the internal stresses due to cold work. Residual stresses were imparted to the fatigue tests specimens by heat treatment, pre-strain and welding. X-Ray diffraction was used to measure the residual stress. The heat treatment; done on the test specimens with different temperature of (420, 450, 480, and 510) oC. After heat treatment; alloy mechanical properties were improved. For the heat treated specimens as the temperature increased the compressive residual stress increased to (27.06, 41.43, 72.8 and 85.6) MPa. That leads to increase the endurance fatigue limit by (32.93%, 40.48%, 50.68% and 61.03%) respectively than other alloy as received. While in pre strain groups; the test specimens loaded to (265, 290, 315 and 340) MPa by a tension test machine. As the applied load series were increased the compressive residual stress increased to (16.51, 25.62, 51.54 and 62.44) MPa which improve the endurance fatigue limit by (7.68%, 16.19%, 24.98%, and 46.45%), respectively. An electrical arc and metal inert gas were used in welding series to weld the test specimens, that present a tensile residual stress of (76.93 and 72.66) MPa, which reduces the endurance fatigue limit by (23.45% and 16.08%), respectively. The numerical results present fatigue behavior, deflection and stress at any load, and show a reasonable agreement results with an experimental one