Limites de tempo e temperatura para a aclimatação ao frio em canola.

A aclimatação ao frio pode ser um dos mecanismos das plantas utilizados para garantir a sobrevivência durante o inverno, em temperaturas abaixo de zero

Mosca-negra-dos-citros Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em culturas de citros e de mangueira no estado de São Paulo e observações de sua biologia e controle.

Resumo: O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a infestação da mosca-negra-dos-citros, A. woglumi, observada em janeiro de 2008, em pomar comercial de laranja Pêra-Rio porta enxerto de Limão-Cravo, de nove anos de idade, e em árvo- res isoladas de mangueira variedades Haden e Palmer, de sete a oito anos de idade, no município de Artur Nogueira, estado de São Paulo. Outros objetivos foram relatar a sua biologia, os níveis de danos e o controle biológico dessa praga.bitstream/CNPMA/7710/1/comunicado_46.pd

Collections from school libraries and formation of small readers.

Apresentar e analisar informa??es referentes ao acervo das bibliotecas escolares de 68 dados quantitativos e qualitativos obtidos com a realiza??o da pesquisa ?Literatura e primeira inf?ncia: dois munic?pios em cena e o PNBE (Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola) na forma??o de crian?as leitoras?. A investiga??o revela que as atividades para formar os leitores s?o esparsas, e que n?o favorecem o manuseio do livro como objeto cultural. Ademais, os respons?veis pelas bibliotecas n?o conhecem os acervos recebidos, n?o se veem como mediadores de leitura e n?o consideram a biblioteca um espa?o para aproximar livros e crian?as.Present and analyze information relating to the collection of school libraries of 68 preschools West Paulista is the purpose of this article, with quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the research ?Literature and early childhood: two cities on the scene and PNBE (National Program of School Library) in the formation of readers.? Research shows that activities to form readers are sparse and do not concept the book as a cultural object. Moreover, teacher?s librarians do not know the collections received by the school; they do not see themselves as mediators of readers and do not consider the library a space to bring books and children

Formulation study of quercetin-loaded lipid-based nanocarriers obtained by hot solvent diffusion method

Lipid-based nanocarriers were prepared by hot solvent diffusion technique. Tristearin (TS) and/or castor oil were employed as oily phase, and Lutrol F68® or Solutol HS15® and lecithin were employed as surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively. The influence of the formulation variables on surface charge and size of the nanocarriers and their ability to load and control the release of quercetin were investigated. Solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and microemulsions (ME) were obtained depending on the formulation composition. Querecetin (QU) entrapment efficacy was higher than 99 % for all formulations. However, drug content was greatly affected by the formulation composition. ME exhibited the highest capacity to load QU, reaching a concentration around 1,300 times higher than its aqueous solubility. QU release profiles exhibited biphasic kinetics for all formulations. However, the release rate of QU was affected by the properties of the nanocarrier.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Evidence of contamination by oil and oil products in the Santos-Sao Vicente estuary, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Different components of the mixed function oxidase (MFO) system and the levels of fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile (FACs) were measured in Cathorops spixii in order to assess the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fish were sampled in an estuary (Santos/Sao Vicente) with a history of contamination by PAHs, mainly due to the presence of the industrial complex of Cubatao city and of another of low anthropogenic influence (Cananeia) on the Brazilian coast. FACs were higher in fish from the polluted site, and the PAH 5 and 6-ring metabolites were the most frequent - with 14% and 15%, respectively. Levels of the different components of the MFO system showed the same variation profile as the FACs for both estuaries. Therefore, the values found for somatic indexes and biomarkers with data of bile PAH metabolites indicate the presence of organic contaminants, especially in the area subject to the influence of the industrial complex on the Santos/Sao Vicente estuary.CAPES (Brazilian Agency for Science and Technology); Oceanographic Institute of Sao Paulo University; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Chemistry of the University of Algarve; CAPES-PDEE [BEX 2176/07-6]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). METHODS/DESIGN: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH2O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure 6430 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. DISCUSSION: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration metho

Impact of chronic stress protocols in learning and memory in rodents: systematic review and meta-analysis

The idea that maladaptive stress impairs cognitive function has been a cornerstone of decades in basic and clinical research. However, disparate findings have reinforced the need to aggregate results from multiple sources in order to confirm the validity of such statement. In this work, a systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to aggregate results from rodent studies investigating the impact of chronic stress on learning and memory. Results obtained from the included studies revealed a significant effect of stress on global cognitive performance. In addition, stressed rodents presented worse consolidation of learned memories, although no significantly differences between groups at the acquisition phase were found. Despite the methodological heterogeneity across studies, these effects were independent of the type of stress, animals' strains or age. However, our findings suggest that stress yields a more detrimental effect on spatial navigation tests' performance. Surprisingly, the vast majority of the selected studies in this field did not report appropriate statistics and were excluded from the quantitative analysis. We have therefore purposed a set of guidelines termed PROBE (Preferred Reporting Orientations for Behavioral Experiments) to promote an adequate reporting of behavioral experiments.This work was funded by the European Commission (FP7) "SwitchBox" (Contract HEALTH-F2-2010-259772) project and co-financed by the Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2 - O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), and by Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian (Portugal) (Contract grant number: P-139977; project "Better mental health during ageing based on temporal prediction of individual brain ageing trajectories (TEMPO)"). PSM is supported by an FCT fellowship grant, from the PhD-iHES program, with the reference PDE/BDE/113601/2015.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio