Bacterial Heat Shock Protein Activity

Bacteria are exposed to different types of stress in their growth conditions. They have developed appropriate responses, modulated by the re-modeling of protein complexes and by phosphorylation dependent signal transduction systems, to adapt and to survive in a variety range of nature. Proteins are essential components for biologic activity in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell. Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) have been identified from various organisms and have critical role in cell hemostasis. Chaperone can sense environment and have different potential role in the organism evolution

A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Ibuprofen and Celecoxib on the Intensity of Perineal Pain Following Episiotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Pain is a worldwide problem that often originates from disease process, and diagnostic and treatment procedures such as surgical operations. Objectives: This trial was performed to compare the effectiveness of two analgesics for the management of perineal pain caused by episiotomy. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 nulliparous women who gave birth vaginally with episiotomy between March 2009 and November 2010 were randomly assigned to receive either ibuprofen or celecoxib which were given orally every 6 or 12 hours, respectively. Pain levels were measured before the intervention, and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after providing the first dose on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Results: The results showed that the two groups had no significant differences regarding demographic characteristics, maternal, neonatal, and post-delivery factors, and mean premedication pain severity. Means of pain severity were different between the two groups as patients in the celecoxib group had lower means than the other group at 1,2,4,8 and 12 hours (4.01 +/- 1.8 vs. 4.46 +/- 1.9, 3.17 +/- 1.9 vs. 3.79 +/- 1.7, 2.89 +/- 1.3 vs. 2.96 +/- 1.5, 2.19 +/- 1.8 vs. 2.55 +/- 1.4, and 1.98 +/- 1.1 vs. 2.45 +/- 1.2, respectively) after administration of analgesics. Conclusions: Patients who received celecoxib had lower VAS in comparison with others. Although these differences were not significant, as celecoxib has longer half-life, fewer upper GI symptoms, and is better tolerated based on the previous studies, and this study is in favor of using it

Assessment of Anxiety in Pregnancy Following Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and Associated Infertility Factors in Women Commencing Treatment

Background: Successful pregnancy is the ultimate goal of almost all couples. However, this pleasant event is usually accompanied psychological and behavioral changes and can result in stress in women, particularly women who pregnant by assisted reproductive technology methods (ARTs). Objectives: This study aims to determine the anxiety level during pregnancy and its relation with infertility factors in women who has been pregnant by Assisted Reproduction Technology (ART) methods. Patients and Methods: A total number of 100 ARTs pregnant women who came to three infertility centers in Tehran from August to November 2009 participated in this descriptive cross sectional study. The rational for selecting the subjects was their availability to the researcher at the time of the research. Anxiety was measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory and for obtaining the infertility data, a questionnaire designed by the researcher was given to the subjects. Data were statistically analyzed using the inferential statistic of chi-square. Results: Study results showed that 34 of subjects were anxious (moderate and sever levels in total). There are significant relations between infertility duration, history of treatment failure and anxiety level (P = 0.03) (P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant relationships with regard to other variables. Conclusions: Infertility duration and history of treatment failure in ARTs pregnant women are two factors that affect the anxiety level during pregnancy

STUDY OF THE STATUS OF SPIRITUAL HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY ADULTS

Aims: spirituality as one of the important dimensions of the healthy concept, and is an effective factor on human consistency with the malady. This investigation has been done in order to determine the spiritual health status and its relationship with the demographic characteristics of the elderly adults. Materials and the methods: this investigation was done in a sampling method available on 360 individual adults of 65 years old and upper in Ilam city. Questionnaire of the spiritual healthy from Islam view point was used in order to collecting of the this tool data including four items of the belief system, thought moral system, and life style which its reliability and validity has been confirmed in previous studies. Data have been analyzed by SPSS software using correlation coefficient. Results: findings showed that spiritual health of the most of participants in above investigation, and also spiritual health has had a significant relationship with age, status of the disease addiction, status of the elderly adult life with his/her family and low education. But it had no significant correlation to gender. Concluding: according to the spiritual health role in the individuals' consistency, necessity of the more attention for elderly adults' health and its promotion is necessitate for health care providers

Personality Factor as a Predictor of Depression Score Among Depressed and CHD Patients

INTRODUCTION: Many risk factors can affect depression and coronary disease, these including physiological and psychological risk factors (such as personality traits). OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to examine whether personality factors (The Five-Factor Model) can predict depression score in the depressed and coronary heart disease (CHD) individuals compared to that of healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To achieve the above objectives, 100 depressed (Mean=35.90 years, SD=10.59 years), and 100 CHD (Mean=46.42 years, SD=12.52 years), patients and 100 healthy subjects (Mean = 37.97 years, SD =12.49 years) were selected by convenience sampling method. To compare the three groups of participants, ANOVA test was used. Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis was used to identify the variables that most closely predict the perceived stress and depression scores. Pearson's Correlation Co-efficient was used to examine the correlation between variables. RESULTS: In Neuroticism, the CHD patients had significant highest scores, followed by depressed patients. The healthy group had the least scores. In case of Extraversion, Openness and Agreeableness, healthy participants had significant higher scores followed by the depressed and CHD patients. Only in conscientiousness factor, Depressive and CHD groups had statistically less scores compared to the healthy group. Also, high Neuroticism and Age, and low Extraversion were significant protective factors for depression Scores of CHD patients, while high Neuroticism and low Extraversion function as predictors in the depressed and healthy groups. CONCLUSION: The effects of Neuroticism and Extraversion on depression have been reported as inconsistent across previous studies. This study indicates that, older CHD individuals with high Neuroticism and low Extraversion scores are more vulnerable for depression

Effect of acupressure (UB32) on pain intensity in intramuscular injections

BACKGROUND: Pain originating from intramuscular (IM) injection should not be underestimated, because it can damage the nurse-patient relationship. This research aimed at answering two main questions, whether acupressure is effective on pain severity due to IM injection or not and whether pain severity in two groups is different or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was performed in government-affiliated hospitals of Ilam. The patients were 15-55 years old. Subjects were individually asked to participate in the research, and an informed consent was obtained from them. Before injection, the patients were asked to lie in prone position and the acupressure point UB32 was found. It was pressed for 1 min circularly. Then, the acupressure point was pressed directly (pressure equal to 4.5 kg/cm(2)) by thumb three times sequentially. After acupressure, 3 ml penicillin 6.3.3 was injected to buttock muscle. In the control group was injected only penicillin 6.3.3 by the conventional method. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 version. RESULTS: Means of pain intensity in the acupressure group according to body mass index values (BMIs) were 1.50 +/- 0.75 in thin, 1.64 +/- 0.72 in normal, 1.38 +/- 0.60 in overweight, 1.40 +/- 0.54 in obese, and 1 +/- 0.0 in severely obese subjects, with a total score of 1.53 +/- 0.68. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between mean pain intensities based on BMI. There was no significant difference in the two groups concerning BMI and age (age: 30.24 +/- 10.98 vs. 29.26 +/- 10.07; BMI: 23.74 +/- 4.45 vs. 23.88 +/- 5.74), but the difference between them in terms of pain intensity mean was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that acupressure in UB32 is effective on reducing the pain severity. Pain severity mean in the acupressure group was lesser than in the other group, and t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups

The Effect of Oxygen Inhalation Plus Oxytocin Compared with Oxytocin Only on Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality across the world, mainly in the developing countries. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate effect of oxygen inhalation plus oxytocin compared with oxytocin only on PPH. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial which was performed in Shahid Mustafa Khomieni Teaching Hospital of Ilam (western Iran) from April 2012 to Nov 2013. One hundred and twenty pregnant women who were referred to delivery ward for normal vaginal delivery were selected with convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned into two groups. For both groups management of the third stage of labour was done using 1000CC Ringer and 20 units of Oxytocin. In the intervention group, in addition to the routine administration, 8 liters of oxygen via face mask was used continuously until 2 hours after delivery. Blood loss was determined by regular weighing of the buttocks that were previously weighted. The difference was calculated before and after weighing (1 gram increasing of weight was considered to be equivalent to 1CC blood loss). Data were analysed by SPSS 16 version using Student-t and Chi-square tests. Results: The two groups were homogenous in regard to all the base line variables. The study results indicated that the mean of blood loss were (256.16+/-97) ml at two hours after delivery in the control group and (149.5+/-46.49) ml in the intervention group. There was a significant difference between PPH of the two groups (p<0.006). Conclusion: Research findings showed that the use of inspired oxygen during the third stage of labour and oxytocin infusion during 2hours later resulted in a significant decreasing in the amount of bleeding after normal vaginal delivery